OBJECTIVE To analyze the investigation and handling process of a suspected outbreak of hospital-ac-quired Serratia marcescens infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU)of a certain hospital,and to pro-vide valuable reference for the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections.METHODS An epidemiologi-cal investigation was conducted on three S.marcescens-positive neonates admitted to the NICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from Oct.12 to 18,2024.Environmental hygiene sampling was carried out on the surfaces of the ward.The homology of the strains was analyzed,and effective intervention measures were taken.RESULTS The incidence of S.marcescens sepsis in the NICU from Oct.12 to 18,2024 was 2.20％(2/91)compared to 2.35％in the same period of 2023(2/85),no significant difference was found between the two time periods(P=0.946).Among the three S.marcescens-positive NICU neonates,one was considered com-munity-acquired,while the other two were diagnosed with S.marcescens sepsis.A total of 59 environmental hy-giene samples were collected,with one sample detecting S.marcescens in the bedside infusion pump slot of case 1.The homology analysis results showed high homology among the four S.marcescens strains but not completely homologous.After effective preventive and control measures were implemented,suspected S.marcescens cluste-ring events didn't further occurred.CONCLUSION The occurrence of this incident may be attributed to inadequate cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces and improper hand hygiene practices by some medical staff.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of fungal infections in patients of intensive care unit(ICU)of a tertiary general hospital from 2020 to 2024 and explore the prognosis of the ICU patients with fungal sepsis and the influencing factors so as to provide guidance for optimization of prevention,control and treat-ment strategies for the fungal infections.METHODS The data with regard to the isolation of 1131 strains of non-repetitive fungi from ICU patients were retrospectively collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between 2020 and 2024.The sources of specimens and mortality rates of patients with different types of fungal infections were observed.The treatment outcomes of the patients with the infections of different sources of specimens were assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test.The risk factors for death were screened out through univariate analysis.RESULTS The respiratory tract specimens were the main source where the strains were isolated,accounting for 56.68％;Candida albicans was the absolute predominance,accounting for 73.47％.The mortality rate of the patients with Candida parapsilosis infection reached up to 29.17％.The mortality rate of the patients with blood infections was the highest(33.82％,P＜0.001),and the patients with the source of blood infections had the poorest prognosis(P=0.019).The echinocandins were the most com-monly used for antifungal therapy,accounting for 52.05％.CONCLUSIONS The ICU is a place where the fun-gal infections are highly prevalent.The high morality rate is associated with the blood source infections and specific species.It is crucial for improvement of prognosis to identify the high-risk patients in early stage and optimize the antifungal strategies.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the investigation and handling process of a suspected outbreak of hospital-ac-quired Serratia marcescens infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU)of a certain hospital,and to pro-vide valuable reference for the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections.METHODS An epidemiologi-cal investigation was conducted on three S.marcescens-positive neonates admitted to the NICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from Oct.12 to 18,2024.Environmental hygiene sampling was carried out on the surfaces of the ward.The homology of the strains was analyzed,and effective intervention measures were taken.RESULTS The incidence of S.marcescens sepsis in the NICU from Oct.12 to 18,2024 was 2.20％(2/91)compared to 2.35％in the same period of 2023(2/85),no significant difference was found between the two time periods(P=0.946).Among the three S.marcescens-positive NICU neonates,one was considered com-munity-acquired,while the other two were diagnosed with S.marcescens sepsis.A total of 59 environmental hy-giene samples were collected,with one sample detecting S.marcescens in the bedside infusion pump slot of case 1.The homology analysis results showed high homology among the four S.marcescens strains but not completely homologous.After effective preventive and control measures were implemented,suspected S.marcescens cluste-ring events didn't further occurred.CONCLUSION The occurrence of this incident may be attributed to inadequate cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces and improper hand hygiene practices by some medical staff.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of fungal infections in patients of intensive care unit(ICU)of a tertiary general hospital from 2020 to 2024 and explore the prognosis of the ICU patients with fungal sepsis and the influencing factors so as to provide guidance for optimization of prevention,control and treat-ment strategies for the fungal infections.METHODS The data with regard to the isolation of 1131 strains of non-repetitive fungi from ICU patients were retrospectively collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between 2020 and 2024.The sources of specimens and mortality rates of patients with different types of fungal infections were observed.The treatment outcomes of the patients with the infections of different sources of specimens were assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test.The risk factors for death were screened out through univariate analysis.RESULTS The respiratory tract specimens were the main source where the strains were isolated,accounting for 56.68％;Candida albicans was the absolute predominance,accounting for 73.47％.The mortality rate of the patients with Candida parapsilosis infection reached up to 29.17％.The mortality rate of the patients with blood infections was the highest(33.82％,P＜0.001),and the patients with the source of blood infections had the poorest prognosis(P=0.019).The echinocandins were the most com-monly used for antifungal therapy,accounting for 52.05％.CONCLUSIONS The ICU is a place where the fun-gal infections are highly prevalent.The high morality rate is associated with the blood source infections and specific species.It is crucial for improvement of prognosis to identify the high-risk patients in early stage and optimize the antifungal strategies.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of occupationai exposure to bloodborne pathogens among health care workers (HCWs),and evaluate prevention and treatment countermeasures.Methods Record Form for Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Among Health Care Workers was used for retrospective survey on the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens in a hospital between January 1,2013 and December 31,2015.Results A total of 246 cases of blood/body fluid occupational exposure occurred.The main occupational exposure population were nurses (n =95,38.62％);occupational exposure mainly occurred in wards(n =148,60.16％);the main mode of occupational exposure was sharp injury(n =219,89.02 ％);the main opportunity of occupational exposure of HCWs was surgical accident(n =69,28.05 ％);the main exposure source was hepatitis B virus(n =123,50.00 ％);none of HCWs developed infection after local treatment and prophylactic medication.Conclusion Medical institutions should strengthen the training for HCWs about occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens,enhance protection awareness,standardize operation procedures,and improve working environment,so as to minimize the occurrence of occupational exposure.

OBJECTIVE To understand the status of gastroscope contamination.METHODS The bacterial(cultivation) of samples derived from inside and outside gastroscope after using was conducted.RESULTS There were heavy(contaminations) inside and(outside) gastroscope after using.Except for normal microbial populations(existing) on pharynx nasalis,many(conditional) pathogenic bacteria had been detected,such as Streptococcus pyogenes,Moraxella catarrhalis,and(nonzymocyte).CONCLUSIONS Many species of bacteria are detected inside and outside(gastroscope) after using.They are normal microbial populations in pharynx nasalis and some conditional pathogenic bacteria.It is (necessary) to strengthen regulation of gastroscope cleaning and disinfection. We should follow Technological Regulations of Disinfection(Ministry of Health,2004) to clean and disinfect endoscope strictly in order to avoid(hospital) acquired infection due to insufficient cleaning and disinfection.