Purpose To study the changes of topological properties of brain structure network in age-related hearing loss(ARHL)by using graph theory,and to explore the relationship between the changes of brain structure network and cognition.Materials and Methods A total of 31 patients with ARHL and 27 controls from October 2022 to October 2023 in People's Hospital of Anshun City were recruited to undergo a diffusion tensor imaging scan and cognitive tests.Based on graph theory,this paper analyzes the changes of topological attributes of brain networks.The global attributes included small-world attribute,clustering coefficient,characteristic path length,global efficiency,local efficiency and network compatibility.The local attributes included nodal clustering coefficient,nodal shortest length,node efficiency,nodal local efficiency,nodal degree centrality and nodal betweenness centrality.And the correlation between abnormal brain network topology and cognition were explored.Results Compared with the control group,the characteristic path length in ARHL group significantly increased,and the global efficiency and local efficiency significantly decreased(t=3.08,-3.15,-3.30;all P<0.01);the nodal shortest length of the right orbital inferior frontal gyrus increases,while the node efficiency of the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,bilateral orbital inferior frontal gyrus and left medial superior frontal gyrus decreases,and the nodal degree centrality of the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,left superior parietal gyrus and left precuneus decreases(t=-4.74-5.19;all P<0.001).The Montreal cognitive assessment score in ARHL group was negatively correlated with the characteristic path length(r=-0.390,P=0.030),and positively correlated with the global efficiency(r=0.390,P=0.030)and the nodal degree centrality value of left precuneus(r=0.466,P=0.008).The mini-mental state examination score was negatively correlated with the characteristic path length(r=-0.473,P=0.007),and with the global efficiency(r=0.473,P=0.007),local efficiency(r=0.408,P=0.023),and the nodal degree centrality value of left precuneus(r=0.363,P=0.363).Conclusion There are abnormalities in the topological properties of the brain network in ARHL,and the abnormal brain regions are mainly distributed in the prefrontal and parietal lobe,among which the abnormal changes in the left precuneus may play a key role in cognitive dysfunction.