Inspection,the foremost of the four diagnostic methods in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),refers to a clinical approach involving observation of the body's overall condition and specific regions to assess pathological conditions.This method holds an important position in the clinical diagnostic system of TCM.However,traditional inspection is limited by the subjectivity of physician experience and technological means,often resulting in inconsistent and subjective outcomes.With the advancement of science and technology,the generalized inspection diagnosis technology of smart TCM has emerged.This innovative approach integrates classical TCM diagnostic theories with digital-intelligent technologies,enabling accurate collection and intelligent analysis of physiological indicators related to spirit,complexion,physique,and postures.The development of a generalized inspection diagnosis system of smart TCM based on this technology is crucial for promoting the objectivity,precision,and intelligence of TCM diagnosis and treatment.This article proposes that the core feature of the generalized inspection diagnosis system of smart TCM is the analytical logic based on the classic theory of TCM.The framework design of the system can be divided into five modules:data acquisition,data processing,knowledge graph and reasoning,report generation,and report analysis.The limitations and future development trends in data annotation standardization,integration of TCM theory and algorithms are also discussed.The aim is to provide a new paradigm for precise diagnosis in TCM,and advance research and practical implementation of smart TCM generalized inspection.

Olfactory diagnosis refers to the method of diagnosing diseases by smelling the odor emitted from the patient's body,secretions and excreta,and the odor of the sick room.It is one of the important diagnostic methods under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,and is included in the"inquiry and olfaction"of TCM.In recent years,there has been rapid development in medical-engineering integration,artificial intelligence,big data,and other interdisciplinary fields.This has been promoting the TCM gradually to develop towards accurate,efficient and personalized medical treatment,which has opened a new era of"Smart TCM".In this paper,the ancient literature related to olfactory diagnosis was systematically reviewed,the developmental characteristics of olfactory diagnosis theories in various periods was sorted out,and the different views of TCM specialists on the odors emitted by the human body in physiological and pathological states was summarized.The paper is to explore the origin of TCM olfactory diagnosis and its periodization,clarify the diagnosis of abnormal odors,corresponding to the nature,etiology and prognosis of the disease,and clarify the development of TCM olfactory diagnosis.It provides a theoretical source and literature basis for promoting the research of"smart olfactory diagnosis of TCM"and facilitating the development of objectivity,standardization and intelligence of olfactory diagnosis in TCM.

Olfactory diagnosis refers to the method of diagnosing diseases by smelling the odor emitted from the patient's body,secretions and excreta,and the odor of the sick room.It is one of the important diagnostic methods under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,and is included in the"inquiry and olfaction"of TCM.In recent years,there has been rapid development in medical-engineering integration,artificial intelligence,big data,and other interdisciplinary fields.This has been promoting the TCM gradually to develop towards accurate,efficient and personalized medical treatment,which has opened a new era of"Smart TCM".In this paper,the ancient literature related to olfactory diagnosis was systematically reviewed,the developmental characteristics of olfactory diagnosis theories in various periods was sorted out,and the different views of TCM specialists on the odors emitted by the human body in physiological and pathological states was summarized.The paper is to explore the origin of TCM olfactory diagnosis and its periodization,clarify the diagnosis of abnormal odors,corresponding to the nature,etiology and prognosis of the disease,and clarify the development of TCM olfactory diagnosis.It provides a theoretical source and literature basis for promoting the research of"smart olfactory diagnosis of TCM"and facilitating the development of objectivity,standardization and intelligence of olfactory diagnosis in TCM.

Inspection,the foremost of the four diagnostic methods in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),refers to a clinical approach involving observation of the body's overall condition and specific regions to assess pathological conditions.This method holds an important position in the clinical diagnostic system of TCM.However,traditional inspection is limited by the subjectivity of physician experience and technological means,often resulting in inconsistent and subjective outcomes.With the advancement of science and technology,the generalized inspection diagnosis technology of smart TCM has emerged.This innovative approach integrates classical TCM diagnostic theories with digital-intelligent technologies,enabling accurate collection and intelligent analysis of physiological indicators related to spirit,complexion,physique,and postures.The development of a generalized inspection diagnosis system of smart TCM based on this technology is crucial for promoting the objectivity,precision,and intelligence of TCM diagnosis and treatment.This article proposes that the core feature of the generalized inspection diagnosis system of smart TCM is the analytical logic based on the classic theory of TCM.The framework design of the system can be divided into five modules:data acquisition,data processing,knowledge graph and reasoning,report generation,and report analysis.The limitations and future development trends in data annotation standardization,integration of TCM theory and algorithms are also discussed.The aim is to provide a new paradigm for precise diagnosis in TCM,and advance research and practical implementation of smart TCM generalized inspection.

Objective To explore the role of 4-hydroxynonenal(HNE)in alleviating acute lung injury(ALI)induced by neonatal sepsis by inhibiting the focal death of endothelial cells(ECs).Methods Newborn mice were randomly divided into five groups:(1)Sham operation group(Sham group),(2)sham operation mice receiving HNE treatment group(Sham + HNE group),(3)cecal serosity(CS group),and(4)CS-treated GS-DMD-/-mice group(CS + GSDMD-/-group).The degree of lung injury was evaluated by lung histopathology and lung wet/dry weight ratio.The ECs of mice were isolated and divided into the Ctrl group,LPS + ATP group,LPS + ATP + HNE-L group and LPS + ATP + HNE-H group.Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of HNE and caspase-1 pathway.Results Compared with CS group,the lung tissue scores of CS + HNE group and CS + GSDMD-/-group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the ratio of wet to dry weight of lung tissues was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the CS group,the 72-hour survival rates of mice in the CS + HNE group and CS + GSDMD-/-group were significantly improved(P<0.05).The expressions of GSDMD-N,C-caspase-1,NLRP3,IL-18 and IL-1β in lung ECs of the CS + HNE group and CS + GSDMD-/-group were signifi-cantly lower than those of the CS group(P<005).Compared with the Ctrl cells,LPS + ATP significantly decreased the cell viability(P<0.05)and increased the protein expressions of GSDMD,C-caspase-1,NLRP3,IL-18 and IL-1β(P<0.05),and these effects were also inhibited by HNE.Conclusion HNE can inhibit the focal death of lung ECs cells by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1 signal transduction,and improve ALI in septic mice.

The outbreak of avian influenza A virus subtype H7N9 in humans in China has aroused our attention to low pathogenic avian influenza(LPAI) viruses recently.Although the transmission of avian influenza from birds to humans has proved to be sporadic,the mortality of infected humans is very high.No specific vaccine has been produced to prevent avian influenza which means that we still have a long way to cure and/or eliminate the disease.We review the pathogenicity of H7 and H7N9 subtype viruses,the mechanisms of how H7N9 subtype virus infect humans and its molecular pathogenesis of transformation from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses to highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses,in order to understand the pathogenesis of H7N9 avian influenza viruses.