Objective:This study utilizes data from the 2021 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happy Family Survey(CLHLS-HF)to examine the current status of Long-Term Care Insurance(LTCI)implementation and to identify the factors influencing whether disabled elderly individuals receive formal care services.The study aims to provide policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness and equity of the system.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 1 447 older participants with dependency, residing in LTCI pilot areas and meeting the inclusion criteria from the 2021 CLHLS-HF, was selected.Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the factors influencing the receipt of formal care by dependent older individuals.Results:Among the 1 447 participants, there were 496 males with an average age of 92 years(SD 9)and 951 females with an average age of 95 years(SD 9). Of these, 701 received formal care.The logistic regression analysis revealed that factors influencing the receipt of formal care included urban residence( OR=2.237, 95% CI: 1.675-2.987, P<0.001), residing in the eastern region( OR=2.907, 95% CI: 1.747-4.837, P<0.001), living in the western region( OR=3.132, 95% CI: 1.816-5.501, P<0.001), having no children( OR=2.478, 95% CI: 1.108-5.540, P=0.027), and the degree of disability, with severe disability being more likely to receive care compared to mild( OR=0.497, 95% CI: 0.388-0.637, P<0.001)and moderate disabilities( OR=0.589, 95% CI: 0.433-0.801, P=0.001). Conclusions:Dependent older individuals in the eastern and western regions, particularly those without children or with severe disabilities, are more likely to receive formal care through the LTCI system.However, there are substantial inequities in LTCI coverage among individuals with varying degrees of disability.To enhance the effectiveness of the LTCI system, greater efforts should be directed towards economically disadvantaged regions and older individuals with mild to moderate disabilities, thereby ensuring better protection for the disabled population.

Objective:This study utilizes data from the 2021 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happy Family Survey(CLHLS-HF)to examine the current status of Long-Term Care Insurance(LTCI)implementation and to identify the factors influencing whether disabled elderly individuals receive formal care services.The study aims to provide policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness and equity of the system.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 1 447 older participants with dependency, residing in LTCI pilot areas and meeting the inclusion criteria from the 2021 CLHLS-HF, was selected.Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the factors influencing the receipt of formal care by dependent older individuals.Results:Among the 1 447 participants, there were 496 males with an average age of 92 years(SD 9)and 951 females with an average age of 95 years(SD 9). Of these, 701 received formal care.The logistic regression analysis revealed that factors influencing the receipt of formal care included urban residence( OR=2.237, 95% CI: 1.675-2.987, P<0.001), residing in the eastern region( OR=2.907, 95% CI: 1.747-4.837, P<0.001), living in the western region( OR=3.132, 95% CI: 1.816-5.501, P<0.001), having no children( OR=2.478, 95% CI: 1.108-5.540, P=0.027), and the degree of disability, with severe disability being more likely to receive care compared to mild( OR=0.497, 95% CI: 0.388-0.637, P<0.001)and moderate disabilities( OR=0.589, 95% CI: 0.433-0.801, P=0.001). Conclusions:Dependent older individuals in the eastern and western regions, particularly those without children or with severe disabilities, are more likely to receive formal care through the LTCI system.However, there are substantial inequities in LTCI coverage among individuals with varying degrees of disability.To enhance the effectiveness of the LTCI system, greater efforts should be directed towards economically disadvantaged regions and older individuals with mild to moderate disabilities, thereby ensuring better protection for the disabled population.

Objective To improve the protocols of red blood cells ( RBCs) processing devices ( automatic medical RBC centrifuge, type:BBS926).Methods RBCs separated from 400 ml of whole blood collected from healthy donors were frozen at -80℃.After thawing , the cells were processed by the washing device .Based on the original protocol ( protocol 1), a modified protocol (protocol 2) was established and used to evaluate the quality of the frozen RBCs .In the test group (protocol 2), the amount of washing buffers and the washing steps were revised to form the optimized protocol .RBCs processed with the two protocols were evaluated by different assays .Results The indexes from the standards for frozen-thawed RBCs: the amount of hemoglobin ( Hb) of RBCs from protocol 1 and protocol 2 was 37.55 ±3.58 and 42.18 ±3.35 g(P<0.05),respectively;the amount of free hemoglobin(FHb) was 0.51 ±0.08 g/L and 0.53 ±0.07 g/L (P>0.05);the residual amount of white blood cells (WBCs) was (1.90 ±0.99) ×107 and (1.92 ±1.04) ×107(P>0.05);The osmolarities were 334 ±8.03 mOsm and 327 ±9.06 mOsm(P>0.05);both the bacteria and fungi tests were negative for the RBCs processed with the two protocols .Among other indexes ,the hemolysis rate for RBCs from protocol 1 and protocol 2 was (12.44 ±8.24)%and (12.02 ±5.78)%(P>0.05), the deformation index was 21.40 ±1.41 and 21.42 ±1.45 (P>0.05), the RBC recovery was(72.02 ±3.70)%and (77.18 ±5.58)%(P<0.05),the cell apopto-sis rate was(1.12 ±0.54)%and (1.10 ±0.61)%(P>0.05),and the processing time was (79.00 ±0.71)min and (79.60 ±0.55)min (P>0.05).Conclusion The RBCs processed by the two protocols meet the national standards for frozen-thaw RBCs.Hb amounts and cell recoveries of the RBCs are enhanced by treatment with protocol 2.Protocol 2 proves to be better than protocol 1.

Objective To investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)agonist pioglitazone on the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cyclin D1 in the hippocampal CA1 region after cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation group,ischemia/reperfusion group,and pioglitazone intervention group (18 in each group).A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model was induced by the modified suture method.Continuous pioglitazone rosiglitazone gavage (0.65 mg/kg once a day) was conducted for 5 days before modeling in the pioglitazone intervention group.At day 1,3,and 7 after modeling the rats (6 at each time point) were sacrificed and their brains were removed.HE staining was used to detecte the pathological changes of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region.Immunohistochemical staining was use to detect the expressions of GFAP and cyclin D1 in the hippocampal CA1 region.Results Compared to the sham operation group,at day 3 and 7 after ischemia/reperfusion,the number of neuronal survival in the hippocarmpal CA1 region in the ischemia/reperfusion group was significantly reduced (all P ＜ 0.01).The expressions of GFAP and Cyclin D1 at all time points were significantly upregulated (all P ＜ 0.01).At day 3 and 7 after ischemia/reperfusion,the numbers of neuronal survival in the hippocampal CA1 region in the pioglitazone intervention group were significantly increased (all P ＜0.01).Compared to the ischemia/reperfusion group,the expressions of GFAP and Cyclin D1 at all time points were significantly down-regulated (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions PPARγagonist pioglitazone has a significant protective effect on neuron in the hippocampal CA1 region after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.Its mechanism may be associated with inhibiting GFAP and cyclin D1 expressions.