Bluetongue virus is an arbovirus that seriously harms ruminants such as sheep,this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of bluetongue virus infection and host cell interferon antiviral immune response.The study was conducted to characterize the mRNA expression of inter-feron pathway genes by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,as well as Western blot analysis of MDA5,TRAF3,RIG-Ⅰ,and TBK1 protein expression in BHK-21 cells induced by BTV with a multiplicity of infections(MOI)of 1 for 18,24,and 36 h.The results showed that the most pro-nounced changes in the expression of interferon signaling pathway genes were observed at 24 h of induction,the gene mRNA expression levels of the IFN-α,IFN-β,RIG-Ⅰ,TBK1,MDA5,VISA,and TRAF3 genes were upregulated.However,the mRNA expression levels of IKKε and TRAF6 genes were downregulated.At the protein level,MDA5 and TBK1 proteins were upregulated while RIG-1 and TRAF3 proteins were downregulated,which showed that BTV infection induces a typeⅠ interferon immune response in BHK-21 cells.This study lays the foundation for further exploring the antiviral immunity mechanism of IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway regulatory genes in host cells infected with BTV infection.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in overweight/obese children who visit a hospital, and to explore the influencing factors of NAFLD, in order to provide a basis for the prevention of NAFLD in overweight/obese children. METHODS: Overweight/obese children who visited Hunan Children's Hospital from June 2019 to September 2021 were recruited. The prevalence rate of NAFLD was examined. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the development of NAFLD [non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the influencing factors for NAFL and NASH. RESULTS: A total of 844 overweight/obese children aged 6-17 years were enrolled. The prevalence rate of NAFLD in overweight/obese children was 38.2% (322/844), among which the prevalence rates of NAFL and NASH were 28.8% (243/844) and 9.4% (79/844), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with the development of NAFL and NASH (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the combined measurement of WHR and HDL-C had a predictive value for NAFL (area under the curve: 0.653, 95%CI: 0.613-0.694), and for NASH (area under the curve: 0.771, 95%CI: 0.723-0.819). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rate of NAFLD in overweight/obese children who visit a hospital is high. WHR and HDL-C are associated with the development of NAFLD and the combined measurement of WHR and HDL-C has a certain value for predicating the development of NAFLD.
Child ; Humans ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications* ; Overweight/complications* ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Adolescent

Objective: To understand the current status of diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) /small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) among hematologists, oncologists, and lymphoma physicians from hospitals of different levels in China. Methods: This multicenter questionnaire survey was conducted from March 2021 to July 2021 and included 1,000 eligible physicians. A combination of face-to-face interviews and online questionnaire surveys was used. A standardized questionnaire regarding the composition of patients treated for CLL/SLL, disease diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, concomitant diseases, organ function evaluation, treatment selection, and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor was used. Results: ①The interviewed physicians stated that the proportion of male patients treated for CLL/SLL is higher than that of females, and the age is mainly concentrated in 61-70 years old. ②Most of the interviewed physicians conducted tests, such as bone marrow biopsies and immunohistochemistry, for patient diagnosis, in addition to the blood test. ③Only 13.7% of the interviewed physicians fully grasped the initial treatment indications recommended by the existing guidelines. ④In terms of cognition of high-risk prognostic factors, physicians' knowledge of unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable and 11q- is far inferior to that of TP53 mutation and complex karyotype, which are two high-risk prognostic factors, and only 17.1% of the interviewed physicians fully mastered CLL International Prognostic Index scoring system. ⑤Among the first-line treatment strategy, BTK inhibitors are used for different types of patients, and physicians have formed a certain understanding that BTK inhibitors should be preferentially used in patients with high-risk factors and elderly patients, but the actual use of BTK inhibitors in different types of patients is not high (31.6%-46.0%). ⑥BTK inhibitors at a reduced dose in actual clinical treatment were used by 69.0% of the physicians, and 66.8% of the physicians had interrupted the BTK inhibitor for >12 days in actual clinical treatment. The use of BTK inhibitors is reduced or interrupted mainly because of adverse reactions, such as atrial fibrillation, severe bone marrow suppression, hemorrhage, and pulmonary infection, as well as patients' payment capacity and effective disease progression control. ⑦Some differences were found in the perceptions and behaviors of hematologists and oncologists regarding the prognostic assessment of CLL/SLL, the choice of treatment options, the clinical use of BTK inhibitors, etc. Conclusion: At present, a gap remains between the diagnosis and treatment of CLL/SLL among Chinese physicians compared with the recommendations in the guidelines regarding the diagnostic criteria, treatment indications, prognosis assessment, accompanying disease assessment, treatment strategy selection, and rational BTK inhibitor use, especially the proportion of dose reduction or BTK inhibitor discontinuation due to high adverse events.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy* ; Prognosis ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/therapeutic use*

Objective:To detective the cut-off values of amino acid levels in premature infants in Sichuan.Methods:Data of newborns screening for inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) by tandem mass spectrometry in Sichuan Province from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into premature infant group ( n=2 264, 1 312 males and 952 females) and full-term infant group ( n=53 275, 28 269 males and 25 006 females). The cut-off values of amino acids in dry blood spots were expressed as percentage ( P0.5 - P99.5), and rank sum test was used for comparison between preterm and full-term infants. Results:(1) The distribution of 11 amino acids [alanine (ALA), arginine (ARG), citrulline (CIT), glycine(GLY), leucine (LEU), methionine (MET), ornithine (ORN), phenylalanine (PHE), proline (PRO), tyrosine (TYR) and valine (VAL)] in premature infants were abnormal.(2) The cut-off values of amino acids in premature infants were as follows: ALA: 135.20-552.33 μmol/L, ARG: 1.34-47.04 μmol/L, CIT: 5.66-32.02 μmol/L, GLY: 181.48-909.93 μmol/L, LEU : 71.10-283.29 μmol/L, MET: 4.21-34.51 μmol/L, ORN: 40.58-293.76 μmol/L, PHE: 23.60-106.30 μmol/L, PRO: 77.76-358.24 μmol/L, TYR: 27.52-352.91 μmol/L, VAL: 53.74-228.37 μmol/L.(3) The cut-off values of amino acid in full-term infants were as follows: ALA: 135.20-552.33 μmol/L, ARG: 1.30-42.73 μmol/L, CIT: 5.92-30.35 μmol/L, GLY: 208.17-980.09 μmol/L, LEU: 72.91-287.49 μmol/L, MET: 4.27-33.90 μmol/L, ORN: 48.40-305.59 μmol/L, PHE: 27.63-92.27 μmol/L, PRO: 97.38-372.75 μmol/L, TYR: 40.19-276.54 μmol/L, VAL: 65.75-237.92 μmol/L.(4) Except for PHE ( Z=-0.58, P>0.05), the other indicators were significantly different between 2 groups [ALA ( Z=-15.32, P<0.05), ARG ( Z=-5.62, P<0.05), CIT ( Z=-5.86, P<0.05), GLY ( Z=-14.52, P<0.05), LEU ( Z=-5.62, P<0.05), MET ( Z=-5.22, P<0.05), ORN ( Z=-13.01, P<0.05), PRO ( Z=-22.09, P<0.05), TRY ( Z=-2.09, P<0.05), VAL ( Z=-17.82, P<0.05)]. Conclusions:The establishment of the cut-off values of amino acids in premature infants in Sichuan provides a theoretical basis for laboratory diagnosis of IMD screening, which enhances the accuracy of diagnosis and avoids excessive medical treatment.

Objective:To discuss the clinical effect about the external locking compression plate(LCP) combined with lower abdominal conjoined flap for fixing the open fracture and covering the soft tissue defects on tibia.Methods:From August 2017 to December 2020, 18 patients with serve tibial open fracture were admitted into the trauma center, including 15 males and 3 females with a median age of 38 (ranged, 25-58) years old. The etiology involving: 9 cases by traffic accident, 3 by downfall, 6 by crushing, which classified as type III B( n=6) and III C( n=12) by the Anderson-Gustilo criterion. All wounds were taken radical debridement, fixed by the femur LCP and covered by the VSD during the emergency operation. The lower abdominal conjoined flap was dissected to cover the soft tissue defect, of which the dimension and pedicle length were tailored to the defect. Primary closure was performed on the donor site. Followed-up was conducted by telephone and WeChat. Results:One flap was changed to gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap because of the venous crisis. Seventeen flaps survived completely without significant complications. All the donor and recipient sites had primary healing. A mean follow-up of 15 (ranged, 12 to 18) months. The fracture healed without bone infection and bone nonunion. The aesthetic outcomes were satisfied without overgrown hairy and hyperpigmentation for all flaps. The concealed linear scar was left without hernia or other morbidity on the donor site. At the final follow-up, 12 cases were excellent and 6 cases were good evaluated by the Johner-Wruhs criteria.Conclusion:The external LCP can immobilise the knee and ankle joint with the preservation of the soft tissue, and the free lower abdominal conjoined flap was useful for covering extreme defects with concealed donor site, with enough tissue volume. The combination of both could lower the postoperative infection, reduce the operation time and shorten the hospital stay.

Objective To study the influencing factors of blood stasis constitution and provide a basis for treating blood stasis-related diseases by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution identification. Methods Data were collected using the self-developed TCM constitution identification platform based on B/S model by the project team. The obtained data were divided into blood stasis constitution and normal constitution groups. The differences of the categorical type influencing factors (gender, birth mode, feeding mode within four months of birth, family history, marital status, eating habits, sleeping habits, exercise habits, emotional state, stress situation, and living environment) and the quantitative type influencing factors (sleep time, age, and mother's age at birth) on the constitution of the two groups were analyzed. In the single-factor analysis, the Pearson's chi-square test was selected for the categorical variable, and the independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test were selected for the quantitative variables according to whether they conformed to the positive-terrestrial distribution; the binary logistic stepwise regression method was selected for the multi-factor analysis. Results The data of 318 cases were collected from the TCM composition identification platform, and 159 cases of blood stasis constitution were used as the experimental group and 159 cases of normal constitution were used as the control group. The Pearson's chi-square test yielded significant differences (P < 0.05) in the effects of gender, pressure situation, family history, living environment, emotional state, exercise habits, and dietary habits on blood stasis constitution. The independent samples t test yielded differences in sleep duration between the blood stasis constitution and normal constitution populations (P < 0.05), which meant sleep duration of the blood stasis constitution population was less than that of the normal constitution population. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test results accepted the original hypothesis that there was no difference in the distribution of age and mother’s age at birth across constitution types (P > 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender, family history, marital status, living environment, exercise habits, and emotional state were risk factors for blood stasis constitution (P < 0.05). Conclusion Gender, family history, living environment, emotional state, and exercise habits were significant influencing factors of blood stasis constitution. Blood stasis constitution populations can pay more attention to these influencing factors in their daily life for the prevention and reconciliation of blood stasis constitution.

Objective:To evaluate the value of 68Ga-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04 PET/CT on assessing different pathological grades in patients with renal fibrosis. Methods:A total of 25 patients (11 males, 14 females; age (39.3±13.9) years) diagnosed with renal fibrosis in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent renal puncture examination and 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination. The pathological results of kidney puncture were as the " gold standard" to divide the patients into mild fibrosis (Ⅰ), moderate fibrosis (Ⅱ), and severe fibrosis (Ⅲ). At the same time, 20 patients (10 males, 10 females; age (47.5±13.2) years) who underwent 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination showed no abnormal uptake of radioactivity in bilateral kidneys and no history of urinary system related diseases were enrolled as normal controls. Parameters including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of both kidneys, the mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean) of the liver, target/background ratio (TBR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and serum creatinine (Scr) were collected. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Bonferroni correction method were used to compare the differences of SUV max, SUV mean, TBR and Scr among groups. One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) t test were used to compare the difference of GFR among groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of SUV max for the degree of renal fibrosis. Results:Of 25 patients, 22 had increased imaging agent uptake and the sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in diagnosing renal fibrosis was 88%. The SUV max and TBR of patients with fibrosis grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than those of controls (SUV max: 4.40(3.30, 4.50), 5.90(4.28, 6.48), 8.50(7.50, 9.73) and 1.44(1.38, 1.68); TBR: 6.340±2.389, 8.097±1.420, 11.343±2.002 and 2.986±0.645; H values: 33.685, 32.368, all adjusted P<0.05 (Bonferroni correction method)). The Scr of patients with fibrosis grade Ⅰ and Ⅲ were significantly different (70.1(55.4, 92.5) and 174.1(161.4, 498.2) μmol/L; H=9.770, adjusted P<0.05 (Bonferroni correction method)). The liver SUV mean of patients with renal fibrosis grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of controls (0.673±0.129, 0.751±0.170 and 0.514±0.142; H=15.609, both adjusted P<0.05 (Bonferroni correction method)). The GFR of patients with fibrosis grade Ⅲ had significant differences with grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ ((27.867±15.747), (87.756±31.657) and (63.160±29.556) ml/min; F=8.298, both P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve was 0.946 7 (95% CI: 0.899 6-0.993 8, P<0.001). Conclusion:68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT has a certain value in evaluating the degree of renal fibrosis, which can be used as a supplementary examination method for diagnosing renal fibrosis.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficiency of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) via extraperitoneal PORT-free single incision approach.Methods:The data of 33 patients with prostate cancer underwent the extraperitoneal PORT-free single incision RARP from November 2020 to January 2021 in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital was retrospectively reviewed. The average age was 66.7 (58-78) years, the median PSA was 20.77 (2.89, 56.44) ng/m, and the mean Gleason score was 7.0 (6.0-9.0). The mean prostate volume was 48.4 (25.0-220.0) ml. Clinical stage: 32 cases was in cT 2a-2cN 0M 0, 1 case in cT 3aN 0M 0. 16 cases had a history of operation. All 33 operations were performed by the same operator. All operations were performed by extraperitoneal PORT-free single-incision approach. The surgical condition, postoperative complication, pathology, and follow-up results were observed. Results:In this study, 33 operations were successfully completed without conversion to open or additional single hole channel instruments. The average operation time was 61.3 (38.0-120.0) min, with the mean intraoperative bleeding volume of 72.2 (45.0-220.0) ml and the mean bladder neck urethral anastomosis time of 11.7 (8.5-15.7) min. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.9 (6.0-15.0) d, the mean postoperative indwelling time of urinary catheter was 6.8 (6.0-14.0) d, and the mean postoperative evacuation time was 1.0 (0.5-3.0) d. The average incision length was 5.2 (4.6-5.8) cm. There was no obvious complications. The postoperative pathological stage: 21 cases were in < pT 3a, 12 cases were in ≥ pT 3a, and 6 cases (18.8%) had positive resection margin. 29 cases (88.9%) acquired satisfactory urinary continence after operation, and the frequency of urinary pad use was ≤ 1 tablet/day. Conclusions:The extraperitoneal single-incision RARP surgical channel without PORT is safe and feasible with a satisfying cosmetic effect, which saves costs and requires less specific channel device. Simultaneously, the new approach has strong replicability, short-term tumor control and urinary control effect with rapid postoperative recovery. However, the sample size of this study is relatively small, which needs further research and demonstration

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of transperitoneal robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) versus extraperitoneal single port RARP.Methods:A retrospective analysis was perfoumed on 142 cases of RARP from July 2019 to June 2020 in Robotic Minimally Invasive Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, including 82 cases(Group A) , aged 70.0(65.6-78.0), undergoing transperitoneal RARP and 60 cases(Group B), aged 68.2 years old(60.1-79.2), undergoing extraperitoneal single port RARP. For group A, PSA was 12.9(5.6-64.0) ng/ml, with 26 cases of less than 10 ng/ml(31.7%), 40 cases of 10-20 ng/ml(48.8%), and 16 cases of more than 20 ng/ml(19.5%), the Gleason score was 7.2(6.0-10.0), with 14 cases(17.1%) of ≤6, 56 cases(68.3%) of 7, and 12 cases(14.6%) of ≥8, and the prostate volume was 61.3(29.0-112.0) ml. There were 49 cases with BMI≤25 kg/m 2, accounting for 59.8%, and 33 cases with BMI>25 kg/m 2, accounting for 40.2%. There were 17 cases(20.7%) of T 1, 44 cases(53.7%) of T 2 and 21 cases(25.6%) of T 3. The proportion of lymph node dissection was 17.1%, and 4 cases(4.9%)had a history of operation. For group B, the PSA was 12.2(1.0-42.6)ng/ml, with 20 cases (33.3%) of <10 ng/ml, 31 cases(51.7%)of 10-20 ng/ml, and 9 cases (15%) of >20 ng/ml. Gleason score was 7.1(6.0-9.0), with 12 cases (20.0%) of ≤6, 42 cases (70.0%) of 7, and 6 cases (10.0%)of ≥8. Prostate volume was 42.4(31.2-72.8)ml on average. There were 37 cases (61.7%) with BMI≤25 kg/m 2, and 23 cases (38.3%)with BMI >25 kg/m 2 . There were 17 cases(28.3%)of T 1, 32 cases(53.3%)of T 2 and 11 cases(18.3%)of T 3.The proportion of lymph node dissection was 11.7% and 4 cases (6.7%) had a history of operation.There was no statistically significant difference in term of age, PSA level, Gleason score, BMI, clinical stage, proportion of lymph node dissection or history of operation between the two groups( P>0.05), but there was statistically significant difference for prostate volume( P<0.05). All operations were performed by the same operator. Four different ways of bladder neck and urethral dissociation was selected according to the intraoperative conditions in Group A, include VIP style, T-shape incision style, VIP plus T-shape incision style or the style along the lateral side of the bladder neck. Small and single anterograde incision stripping of bladder neck was routinely performed in the Group B. Postoperative follow-up was performed to compare the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, bladder neck and urethral anastomosis time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative exhaust time, postoperative complications, positive rate of surgical margin, indwelling time of urinary catheter, urinary continence satisfaction rate of immediately after operation, 3 months and 6 months after operation, wound healing and aesthetics. Results:All of the operations were successfully completed under robot-assisted laparoscopy, and there was no conversion to open surgery. The operation time was 56.0(45.0-112.0) min in the Group A and 65.4(55.5-96.8) min in the Group B, and there was no statistically significant difference( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss was 76.2(30.0-120.5) ml and 55.6(45.5-114.6) ml, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). The time of bladder neck urethral anastomosis was 18.9(12.6-25.6) min and 16.2(10.7-19.3) min, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). The postoperative hospital stay days were 9.3(8.0-16.0) d and 8.4(7.0-13.0) d, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). The postoperative exhaust time was 1.3(0.7-3.0) d and 3.4(2.0-7.0) d, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). There was 1 case of anastomotic fistula with ureteral injury in Group A, and no serious complication in Group B, and the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). The number of positive surgical margin in the two groups was 13(15.9%)and 9(15.0%)respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). The indwelling time of urinary catheter after operation was 9(7-21) d and 6(4-8) d, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). The number of patients with satisfactory urinary continence immediately after surgery, 3 months and 6 months after surgery in the two groups were 8(9.8%), 51(62.2%), 62(75.6%) and 17(28.3%), 43(71.7%) and 54(90.0%), respectively. The differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). The total incision lengths in the two groups were 12.1(10.4-13.4) cm and 5.6(5.0-6.0) cm, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusions:The extraperitoneal single port RARP is safe and feasible, and the postoperative effect is similar to that of transperitoneal RARP. It has the advantages of shorter recovery time, higher urinary continence satisfaction rate, neater and more beautiful incision. The long-term therapeutic effect needs further confirming by prospective study.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hypertension, and multiorgan dysfunction. Effective antivirals with safe clinical profile are urgently needed to improve the overall prognosis. In an analysis of a randomly collected cohort of 124 patients with COVID-19, we found that hypercoagulability as indicated by elevated concentrations of D-dimers was associated with disease severity. By virtual screening of a U.S. FDA approved drug library, we identified an anticoagulation agent dipyridamole (DIP) , which suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication . In a proof-of-concept trial involving 31 patients with COVID-19, DIP supplementation was associated with significantly decreased concentrations of D-dimers ( < 0.05), increased lymphocyte and platelet recovery in the circulation, and markedly improved clinical outcomes in comparison to the control patients. In particular, all 8 of the DIP-treated severely ill patients showed remarkable improvement: 7 patients (87.5%) achieved clinical cure and were discharged from the hospitals while the remaining 1 patient (12.5%) was in clinical remission.