To formulate an expert consensus on the principles of preoperative hair removal and provide scientific guidance for standardized removal of hair before surgical procedures so as to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.METHODS Led by the Hospital Management Institute of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,this consensus was reached with the joint efforts from the expects of relevant fields such as surgeries,interventional therapies,nursing,and infection prevention and control.The consensus facilitates the classification and evaluation of literatures by following the evidence grade formulated by Oxford Evidence-based Medicine Center and focuses on the association of preoperative hair removal with surgical site infection,it reaches the evidence grade of expert consensus and recommendation intensity by integrating with discussions on meetings and clinical experience of the expects from relevant fields.RESULTS A total of 6 items of consensus were reached by summarizing the latest evidence on the aspects including the indications for preoperative hair removal,tools,range,timing and places.CONCLUSION The consensus,to some extent,make supplements to and complete the exiting regulations and standards.It provides guidance for the medical institutions to carry out the preoperative hair removal.

Objective To study the economic burden caused by healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),and provide theoretical basis for formulating HAI prevention and control measures.Methods Patients with SAP discharged from a tertiary first-class hospital in Jiangxi Province from July 1,2023 to June 30,2024 were selected as the study subjects.Information including demographic characteristics,clinical data,and hospitalization expense were collected.Patients were divided into a HAI group and a non-HAI group according to HAI occurrence.A propensity score matching(PSM)method was used to conduct a 1∶2 ma-tching,and differences in the length of hospital stay and hospitalization expense between the two groups of patients after PSM were compared.Results A total of 709 patients were included in the analysis,out of which 65 cases ex-perienced HAI,with a HAI incidence of 9.17％.After PSM,all 65 patients in the HAI group were successfully matched.The length of hospital stay,total hospitalization expense,expenses of medication and hygiene product of patients in the HAI group were all higher than those in the non-HAI group,and differences were all statistically sig-nificant(all P＜0.001).Patients who experienced≥2 episodes of HAI had a higher economic burden than those who experienced only once(P＜0.05).HAI of bloodstream,abdomen,digestive system,and respiratory system significantly increased the economic burden of patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion HAI in SAP patients can extend the length of hospital stay and increase economic burden of patients.Targeted infection prevention and control mea-sures should be formulated to reduce the incidence of HAI and save medical resources.

Objective:To develop a nutritional management protocol for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy based on evidence-based methodology, and to evaluate its clinical effectiveness.Methods:Relevant literature on nutritional management in radiotherapy for HNC patients was systematically searched. After evidence extraction, a preliminary protocol was drafted and finalized through expert consensus. The finalized protocol included five timepoints during hospitalization, covering six components and 35 nursing and clinical care items. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Using convenience sampling, 100 HNC patients admitted to Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital from October 2022 to June 2024 were enrolled. Patients treated between October 2022 and July 2023 formed the control group ( n=50), and those treated from September 2023 to June 2024 comprised the intervention group ( n=50). The control group received routine care, while the intervention group was managed with the evidence-based nutrition protocol. Body weight and nutrition-related laboratory indicators were measured before radiotherapy, at week 4, and at the end of week 6. Results:At week 4 of radiotherapy, the intervention group had a higher lymphocyte count than the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). At week 6, total serum protein, serum albumin, and lymphocyte counts were all higher in the intervention group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The evidence-based nutritional management protocol developed for HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy effectively improves nutritional status. It provides a valuable reference for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.

Kv1.3,a voltage-gated potassium channel,is highly expressed in T lymphocytes,the nervous system,and vascular smooth muscle cells.It plays a critical role in membrane excitability and electrical signal transduction,serving as an important target for studying T-cell function and providing a promising direction for developing therapeutics against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Therefore,the de-velopment of specific inhibitors of Kv1.3 channel has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for these disorders.In this study,we isolated and purified a novel Kv1.3-inhibitory peptide toxin,LmKTx13,from the venom of the scorpion Lychas mucronatus using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chroma-tography(RP-HPLC).LmKTx13 consists of 38 amino acid residues,including six cysteines that form three disulfide bonds.Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that LmKTx13 potently inhibited Kv1.3 with an IC50 of 7.92±3.0 nmol/L.Selectivity analysis showed that 2 μmol/L LmKTx13 also in-hibited Kv1.2 and Kv1.7,but exhibited no significant effects on other potassium channel subtypes or voltage-gated sodium channels.Further investigation into the mechanism demonstrated that LmKTx13 acts as a pore-blocking inhibitor of Kv1.3.By analyzing the effects of LmKTx13 on Kv1.3 channel gating ki-netics and performing sequence alignment of the pore regions of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5,we constructed site-directed mutants and identified the pore region of Kv1.3 as the critical binding site for LmKTx13.Key residues involved in the interaction included T425,G427,and H451.In summary,we discovered a no-vel pore-blocking Kv1.3 inhibitor,LmKTx13,from L.mucronatus venom,which exhibits high affinity and selectivity for Kv1.3.These findings highlight its potential as a potential lead molecule for developing Kv1.3-targeted therapeutics.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of the endometrial microbiota in patients with varying degrees of intrauterine adhesion (IUA).Methods:This single-center cross-sectional observational study enrolled 115 patients with IUA who were treated at the Hysteroscopic Center of Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, from May 2022 to October 2023. After quality control and data preprocessing, 81 samples met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Patients were grouped according to an established IUA scoring and grading system into mild IUA ( n=38) and moderate-to-severe IUA ( n=43). Endometrial tissue was collected under sterile conditions. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was amplified, and sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform. Differences in endometrial microbiota diversity and composition were compared between the two groups. Results:Patients with varying degrees of IUA exhibited comparable species richness, evenness and diversity of endometrial microbiota. At the phylum level, the endometrial microbiota across all subjects was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with Proteobacteria (32.29%) and Firmicutes (23.82%) showing the highest mean relative abundances. At the genus level, Ralstonia (16.67%), Lactobacillus (13.45%), and Streptococcus (7.07%) were the most abundant genera. Group comparisons showed that the abundance of Ralstonia was higher in the mild IUA group, whereas Lactobacillus, Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas were more abundant in the moderate-to-severe IUA group; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance (all P>0.05). LEfSe analysis further indicated that Lactobacillus, Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Aeromonas, Ureaplasma and Acetobacterium were relatively enriched in the moderate-to-severe IUA group, while Geobacillus, Stomatobaculum and Fusicatenibacter were more abundant in the mild IUA group. Conclusion:The composition of the endometrial microbiota differs among patients with varying IUA severity. IUA progression may be associated with alterations in the endometrial microbiota; however, causal relationships and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

Objective:To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of dual-specificity phosphatase 26(DUSP26)in the proliferation,migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)A549 cells.Methods:The expression profile of DUSP26 was retrieved from the GEPIA2 tumor database,and its differential expression in LUAD tissues and normal human lung tissues were analyzed.Twelve pairs of LUAD tissue and paracancerous tissue surgically resected at Pingxiang People's Hospital between October 2022 and October 2023 were collected.The difference in DUSP26 expression between LUAD tissues and paracancerous tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemical(IHC)staining and Western blotting(WB).Additionally,the expression of DUSP26 in four LUAD cells(A549,SK-LU-1,Calu-3,H1299)and two normal bronchial epithelial cells(BEAS-2B,HBEC)was detected using WB method.A549 cells stably overexpressing DUSP26(DUSP26-OE)or corresponding negative control(DUSP26-OENC)were constructed via lentiviral transfection.The effects of DUSP26 overexpression on cell proliferation,migration and invasion were detected using colony formation,scratch assay,and Transwell chamber assay,respectively.The expression levels of TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 pathway-and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related proteins were detected using WB method,and the expression levels of Ki-67 and cyclin D1 in cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining.Rescue experiments were conducted by adding 5 ng/mL recombinant TGF-β1.A nude mouse xenograft model was established using A549 cells to observe the effect of DUSP26 overexpression on the in vivo growth of transplanted tumors.The expression levels of TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 pathway-and EMT-related proteins in transplanted tumor tissues were assessed using WB method,and the expression levels of Ki-67 and cyclin D1 in transplanted tumor tissues were detected using immunofluorescence staining.Results:DUSP26 expression was downregulated in both LUAD tissues and cells(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001 or P<0.000 1).Compared with the DUSP26-OENC group,the DUSP26-OE group showed significantly reduced proliferation,migration and invasion of A549 cells(P<0.01 or P<0.001).Furthermore,the protein levels of TGF-β1,p-SMAD2/3,vimentin,N-cadherin,snail,Ki-67,and cyclin D1 were significantly reduced(P<0.01,P<0.001 or P<0.000 1),while E-cadherin level was increased in the DUSP26-OE group(P<0.000 1).The addition of 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 recombinant protein partially reversed the effects of DUSP26 overexpression in vitro experiments.The nude mice A549 cell xenograft model was successfully constructed.The growth rate of transplanted tumors was significantly slower in the DUSP26-OE group,with reduced volume and mass(all P<0.001).The protein levels of TGF-β1,p-SMAD2/3,vimentin,N-cadherin,snail,Ki-67,and cyclin D1 in the transplanted tumor tissues were all reduced(P<0.01 or P<0.001),while E-cadherin level was increased(P<0.000 1).Conclusion:DUSP26 is downregulated in both LUAD tissues and cells.Upregulation of DUSP26 suppresses the proliferation,migration and invasion of A549 cells by inhibiting the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.

Kv1.3,a voltage-gated potassium channel,is highly expressed in T lymphocytes,the nervous system,and vascular smooth muscle cells.It plays a critical role in membrane excitability and electrical signal transduction,serving as an important target for studying T-cell function and providing a promising direction for developing therapeutics against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Therefore,the de-velopment of specific inhibitors of Kv1.3 channel has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for these disorders.In this study,we isolated and purified a novel Kv1.3-inhibitory peptide toxin,LmKTx13,from the venom of the scorpion Lychas mucronatus using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chroma-tography(RP-HPLC).LmKTx13 consists of 38 amino acid residues,including six cysteines that form three disulfide bonds.Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that LmKTx13 potently inhibited Kv1.3 with an IC50 of 7.92±3.0 nmol/L.Selectivity analysis showed that 2 μmol/L LmKTx13 also in-hibited Kv1.2 and Kv1.7,but exhibited no significant effects on other potassium channel subtypes or voltage-gated sodium channels.Further investigation into the mechanism demonstrated that LmKTx13 acts as a pore-blocking inhibitor of Kv1.3.By analyzing the effects of LmKTx13 on Kv1.3 channel gating ki-netics and performing sequence alignment of the pore regions of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5,we constructed site-directed mutants and identified the pore region of Kv1.3 as the critical binding site for LmKTx13.Key residues involved in the interaction included T425,G427,and H451.In summary,we discovered a no-vel pore-blocking Kv1.3 inhibitor,LmKTx13,from L.mucronatus venom,which exhibits high affinity and selectivity for Kv1.3.These findings highlight its potential as a potential lead molecule for developing Kv1.3-targeted therapeutics.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

The carbon ion proton therapy system,as one of the most advanced methods for treating solid tumors,has been unanimously recognized for its therapeutic effect.Its unique deep dose distribution and high relatively biological effects,which are outstanding advantages that conventional radiotherapy hardly matches,can provide important technical support for effectively increasing patients'5-year survival rate.Its industrial application and promotion are in line with the policy orientation of national scientific and technological innovation,and strategic emerging industries.This article established a preliminary framework for the standard system of operational services of carbon ion proton therapy system through analyzed the products'operation management,service requirements,and quality requirements in the field of operational services of carbon ion proton therapy system.It provided development direction for the formulation and revision of the standards in the field of operational services of carbon ion proton therapy system,and it contributed to promote products'popularization and industrial development.

Metastasis is a pivotal and intricate process in the progression of malignant tumors,strongly correlating with poor prognosis.Approximately 90%of cancer-related mortality is attributed to metastasis,with the five-year survival rate for patients with metastatic solid tumors ranging from 5%to 30%.Consequently,a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms driving metastasis is essential for unraveling its core processes and developing novel therapeutic strategies.The metastatic cascade involves tumor cells navigating numerous biological barriers,including detachment from the primary tumor,invasion of blood vessels or lymphatics,survival in circulation,extravasation into distant organs and subsequent adaptation to the microenvironment.To surmount these challenges,tumor cells undergo phenotypic changes,genetic mutations and dysregulating signaling pathways.Additionally,microenvironmental factors(such as angiogenesis,matrix remodeling and immune evasion)play a critical role,orchestrating the initiation and growth of metastatic lesions in an interdependent manner.Organ-specific metastasis,a distinct subset of metastasis,involves dynamic bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and the microenvironment of target organs.These interactions determine the selectivity of metastatic spread and drive the adaptive evolution of both the tumor and the organ,which encompasses multiple layers of cellular interactions,including cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling.Tumor cell mutations,the release of specific signaling molecules,the capacity to withstand circulatory pressures,and signaling exchanges with target organs collectively govern the selective nature of organ-specific metastasis.Furthermore,factors intrinsic to the target organ-such as its regenerative potential,metabolic profile,immune surveillance mechanisms and matrix stiffness-further facilitate the adaptive remodeling of metastatic cells within these environments.Thus,the bidirectional selection and adaptation between tumor cells and target organs form a dynamic,complex system that reshapes our understanding of metastatic tumor development.While current research emphasizes shared biological features in metastasis,the successful formation of metastatic tumors depends not only on these common mechanisms but also on the unique characteristics governing organ-specific metastasis.The interplay between generalizable and organ-specific mechanisms profoundly influences the metastatic outcome.This review aimed to consolidate our current knowledge of these shared and distinct processes,analyze the evolving understanding of the bidirectional selection between tumor cells and target organs,and assess the current status of metastatic risk prediction models for patients without metastasis.Furthermore,the paper discussed the challenges and opportunities in managing advanced-stage metastatic tumors,offering new insights and potential clinical strategies to improve prognosis and treatment outcomes.