ObjectiveThis paper aims to assess the effects of Wenfei Guyuan umbilical moxibustion on the quality of life and immune function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in stable phase. MethodsA multi-center randomized controlled trial design was employed，and the 220 cases of patients with COPD in stable phase from three grade A class-Ⅲ hospitals were included as research objects. The patients were randomly divided into the test group and control group，with each group consisting of 110 cases. Both groups received standardized treatment of western medicine，and the test group received Wenfei Guyuan umbilical moxibustion twice weekly for 13 weeks，followed by a 26-week follow-up period. Quality of life was evaluated by using the COPD assessment test （CAT），the modified COPD patient-reported outcomes （mCOPD-PRO） measure，and the modified effectiveness satisfaction questionnaire for COPD （mESQ-COPD） before treatment，four weeks， eight weeks， and 13 weeks of the treatment period，as well as 13 weeks and 26 weeks of the follow-up period. The number of acute exacerbation cases of patients in both groups was recorded during study period to evaluate the effect of Wenfei Guyuan umbilical moxibustion on acute exacerbations. 30 cases were randomly selected in both observation group and control group. Peripheral blood samples were collected before treatment and at 13 weeks of treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of immunoglobulin A （IgA），immunoglobulin G （IgG），immunoglobulin M （IgM），interleukin 10 （IL-10），interleukin 17A （IL-17A），transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1），and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）. Flow cytometry was used to detect cluster of differentiation 4 positive （CD4⁺），cluster of differentiation 8 positive （CD8⁺），T helper 17 （Th17），and Treg levels， thereby preliminarily exploring the effect of Wenfei Guyuan umbilical moxibustion on immune function. ResultsA total of 220 patients were included，with five cases dropping out. 215 cases were finally included in the per-protocol set，including 107 in the treatment group and 108 in the control group. Baseline characteristics of the first two groups before treatment were compared between the two groups. In terms of life quality evaluation， the main effect of group differences on the CAT scores was significant （F=15.108，P<0.01）. The main effects of group differences on the physical domain （F=38.807，P<0.01），psychological domain （F=38.996，P<0.01），environmental domain （F=17.436，P<0.01），and total score of mCOPD-PRO （F=41.972，P<0.01） were significant. The main effects of group difference on clinical symptoms domain of mESQ-COPD （F=81.516，P<0.01），work-life ability domain （F=36.549，P<0.001），environmental adaptation ability domain （F=22.677，P<0.01），therapeutic effect domain （F=74.055，P<0.01），and total score of mESQ-COPD （F=73.251，P<0.01） were significant. Regarding acute exacerbations，during the entire study period，as well as the treatment period and follow-up period，the observation group showed fewer patients experiencing acute exacerbations compared to the control group，but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. In terms of immune indicators，after 13 weeks of treatment，the levels of IgA，IgG，and IgM in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group （P<0.05）. The level of IL-10 was significantly higher than that in the control group （P<0.05），and the levels of IL-17A，TGF-β1，and TNF-α were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the control group，the level of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ in the observation group was significantly increased （P<0.05），while the levels of CD4⁺ and Treg were slightly increased，but the difference was not statistically significant. The levels of CD8⁺，Th17，and Th17/Treg were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. ConclusionWenfei Guyuan umbilical moxibustion can improve the quality of life， and immune function in patients with COPD in stable phase. It is worth promoting in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,numerous studies have shown that autophagy and mitophagy play an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism.Under non-physiological conditions,mitophagy breaks the balance of bone metabolism and triggers metabolism disorders,which affect osteoblasts,osteoclasts,osteocytes,chondrocytes,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,etc. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the mechanism of mitophagy in regulating bone metabolic diseases and its application in clinical treatment. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang and VIP databases were searched by computer using the keywords of"mitophagy,bone metabolism,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,osteocytes,chondrocytes,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells"in English and Chinese.The search time was from 2008 to 2023.According to the inclusion criteria,90 articles were finally included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mitophagy promotes the generation of osteoblasts through SIRT1,PINK1/Parkin,FOXO3 and PI3K signaling pathways,while inhibiting osteoclast function through PINK1/Parkin and SIRT1 signaling pathways.Mitophagy leads to bone loss by increasing calcium phosphate particles and tissue protein kinase K in bone tissue.Mitophagy improves the function of chondrocytes through PINK1/Parkin,PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways.Modulation of mitophagy shows great potential in the treatment of bone diseases,but there are still some issues to be further explored,such as different stages of drug-activated mitophagy,and the regulatory mechanisms of different signaling pathways.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of angle and original moisture content on the moisture distribution， migration and contents of effective components in the drying process of sliced Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（SMRR）. MethodsSet the slicing angles of SMRR at 30°， 45°， and 90°. Cut the fresh samples， 1/3 dehydrated samples， and 2/3 dehydrated samples， dry them in an oven at 40 ℃ and take samples at the set time points. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR） and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） were used to analyze the changes in transverse relaxation time（T₂） of SMRR samples in 9 treatment groups at specific times， as well as the distribution and migration of water in the samples. The contents of tanshinone Ⅱ_A， tanshinone Ⅰ， cryptotanshinone， and salvianolic acid B in samples from 9 different treatment groups were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the best processing technology of SMRR was screened by combining with One-way ANOVA， Duncan multiple comparison and principal component analysis（PCA）. ResultsThe moisture content of dry basis of SMRR in each treatment group decreased with the extension of drying time. The drying rate of fresh cut group decreased slowly at first， while the drying rate of water loss group showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. The internal water of SMRR could be divided into three states， including bound water， non flowing water and free water. During the drying process， the water migration law showed that the free water of fresh cut group disappeared after drying for 12 h， the content of bound water gradually decreased， and the overall fluidity deteriorated. In the water loss group， part of the free water was transformed into more cohesive and non flowing water after drying for 3 h， and the three kinds of water basically disappeared after drying for 12 h. The MRI results showed that the entire dehydration process slowly moved from the outer side to the center， and the internal water eventually dissipated. In terms of the contents of active ingredients， the order of the effect of slicing angle on the total content of active ingredients in SMRR was 30°>45°>90°. The content of tanshinones was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>2/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group， and the content of salvianolic acid B was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group>2/3 dehydrated group. Combined with the results of PCA and comprehensive scoring results， the overall level of effective component content in SMRR was the highest when cut at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. ConclusionAfter comprehensive evaluation， SMRR can be sliced at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. It is not only easy to cut， but also the surface and cross-sectional colors remain basically unchanged after drying， which is similar to the color under traditional processing， and the effective ingredients are preserved the highest. This study can provide a basis for the optimization of processing technology of SMRR.

AIM:To investigate myopia status and analyze the influence factors in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing.METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 504 primary and secondary school students in Wulong district, and all students underwent myopia screen and questionnaire survey, statistics and analyses the data.RESULTS:Totally 2 431 students were participated in this study, and 1 217 students with myopia were screened out, the prevalence rate of myopia was 50.06%, awareness rate of myopia was 64.59%, glasses wearing rate of myopia was 51.85%. The prevalence of myopia increased with age and grade(P<0.05), the prevalence of myopia in male(46.97%)was lower than in female(53.18%), and the prevalence of myopia in township(47.06%)was lower than in urban area(52.11%; all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that outdoor activities were protective factor for myopia, while female, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth were risk factors for myopia.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate of myopia was higher in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing, awareness rate of myopia and glasses wearing rate of myopia were lower, and the genesis of myopia is highly relevant to outdoor activities, gender, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth.

Objective To investigate the safety, economic benefits and psychological effects of day breast conserving surgery for breast cancer. Methods The demographic data and clinical data of breast cancer patients undergoing day (day surgery group) and ward (ward surgery group) breast conserving surgeries in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from March 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively collected; the demographic data, clinical data, medical and related transportation costs, and preoperative and postoperative BREAST-Q scores of breast cancer patients undergoing day (day surgery group) and ward (ward surgery group) breast conserving surgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2021 to June 2022 were prospectively collected. The safety, economic benefit, and psychological satisfaction of day surgery was analyzed. Results A total of 42 women with breast cancer were included in the retrospective study and 39 women with breast cancer were included in the prospective study. In both prospective and retrospective studies, the mean age of patients in both groups were <50 years. There were only statistical differences between the two groups in the aspects of hypertension (P=0.022), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.037) and postoperative pathological estrogen receptor (P=0.033) in the prospective study. In postoperative complications, there were no statistical differences in the surgical-related complications or anesthesia-related complications between the two groups in either the prospective study or the retrospective study (P>0.05). In terms of the overall cost, we found that the day surgery group was more economical than the ward surgery group in the prospective study (P=0.002). There were no statistical differences in postoperative psychosocical well-being, sexual well-being, satisfaction with breasts or chest condition between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion It is safe and reliable to carry out breast conserving surgery in day surgery center under strict management standards, which can save medical costs and will not cause great psychological burden to patients.

This paper summarizes Professor AI Rudi's experience in the diagnosis and treatment of skin pruritus based on the "unity of restoring form， regulating qi， and harmonizing spirit"， employing internal herbal medicine combined with external treatments. It is believed that the core pathogenesis of pruritus is the "imbalance of form， qi， and spirit"， with disturbed spirit as the onset， disordered qi as the key pathogenic factor， and physical changes as the manifestation of the disease. The treatment principle follows "restoring form-regulating qi-harmonizing spirit"， with a combination of internal and external therapies， and differentiation based on deficiency and excess. For excess conditions caused by pathogenic disturbances to the heart spirit， treatment is based on different patterns of wind-heat， damp-heat， and blood-heat， using Sangye （Morus alba）-Sangbaipi （Morus alba cortex）-Longchi （Draconis os） to disperse wind and clear heat， calm the spirit； Difuzi （Kochia scoparia）-Qinghao （Artemisia annua）-Tanxiang （Santalum album） to clear damp-heat and aromatically open the spirit； Mudanpi （Paeonia suffruticosa）-Chuanxiong （Ligusticum chuanxiong）-Shuiniujiao （Bubalus bubalis cornua） to cool the blood， activate circulation， and calm the spirit. For deficiency conditions caused by insufficient nourishment of the heart spirit， treatment is based on patterns of qi deficiency or blood deficiency， using Huangqi （Astragalus membranaceus）-Fuping （Lemna minor）-Wuweizi （Schisandra chinensis） to tonify the qi and stabilize the exterior； Heshouwu （Polygonum multiflorum）-Jili （Tribulus terrestris）-Shouwuteng （Polygonum multiflorum vine） to nourish the blood， moisten dryness， and calm the spirit. External treatments integrate traditional Chinese medicine therapies such as medicinal baths， gua sha， and ear acupuncture， with custom herbal wash formulas for restoring form， jojoba oil gua sha for regulating qi， and ear seed therapy using Wangbuliuxing （Vaccaria segetalis） for harmonizing the spirit， achieving a holistic treatment effect for form， qi， and spirit.

Objective To evaluate the role of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) testing in evaluating early hearing loss among noise-exposed workers. Methods A total of 174 noise-exposed workers in a metal shipbuilding enterprise were selected as the research subjects by the convenience sampling method. Pure tone audiometry (PTA), DPOAE and the level of noise exposure were conducted on the workers. The rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between DPOAE amplitude and PTA threshold. The multilevel model was used to analyze the effects of gender, age, noise exposure intensity, cumulative noise exposure (CNE), hearing loss classification and PTA threshold on DPOAE results. Results At the frequencies of 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 6.00 and 8.00 kHz, the DPOAE amplitude was negatively correlated with the PTA threshold (rank correlation coefficients were -0.12, -0.48, -0.47, -0.18, -0.23, -0.44, -0.19, respectively, all P<0.01). At the most frequencies, DPOAE amplitude was negatively correlated with age and CNE (all P<0.05). The results of multilevel model analysis showed that there were significant differences in DPOAE amplitudes at certain frequencies across gender, age, noise intensity, CNE, and hearing loss classification (all P<0.05). Significant differences in DPOAE responses were found among different CNE and hearing loss groups (all P<0.01). Conclusion DPOAE testing can objectively reflect the hearing status of noise-exposed workers and could be considered for inclusion in routine hearing monitoring to facilitate early detection of noise-induced hearing loss.

Objective: This study aims to explore the influencing factors, formation mechanisms, and treatment methods of labial protuberance in the anterior maxilla during orthodontic treatment, providing a reference for clinical practice. Method: This study reports a case where the absence of upper anterior teeth 11 and 21, and the retraction tilting movement of teeth 12 and 22, resulted in labial protuberance and gingival hyperplasia. Alveolar osteoplasty and gingivoplasty were performed. The specific changes in the alveolar bone during the retraction of the anterior teeth and the characteristics of its remodeling were analyzed. Combined with relevant literature, the factors influencing the formation of labial protuberance in orthodontic patients, mechanisms, and methods for prevention and treatment were summarized. Results: After periodental surgery follow-up for 6 months, the gingival color and shape of teeth 12 and 22 were good, the labial alveolar bone was normal, and the overall condition was stable. A review of the literature showed that labial protuberance is more common in adult orthodontic patients, and the distance (>4 mm) and speed of retraction of anterior teeth are related to its formation, with the main mechanism likely being differential remodeling of the alveolar bone. In adult patients, the number of active osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the alveolar bone decreases, along with a reduction in metabolic activity and overall cellular activity, which diminishes the reactivity of the alveolar bone. After treatment of anterior teeth retraction, there is insufficient labial bone resorption. Moreover, the lack of mechanical stress-mediated periodontal ligament in the interdental space leads to reduced bone remodeling stimulation in this area, resulting in thickening of the labial alveolar bone of the upper anterior teeth. The remodeling rates of cortical and trabecular bone differ, with active trabecular bone proliferation near the tooth root surface and slow cortical bone resorption near the outer surface, which ultimately results in increased bone thickness at the labial cervical region. Specific case analysis indicates that the retraction distance of the upper anterior teeth in this case was about 6 mm. The alveolar bone at the missing sites of teeth 11 and 21, lacking periodontal ligament stimulation, showed less remodeling and absorption, likely appearing as hyperplasia. The prevention of labial bone protrusion mainly involves controlling the speed and distance of retraction of anterior teeth. Smaller labial protuberances generally do not require treatment, but those affecting function and aesthetics can be addressed with periodontal alveolar osteoplasty. Conclusion After the retraction of anterior teeth in orthodontics, a prominent, hard bone protuberance on the labial side can sometimes occur, which may be due to differential remodeling efficiency in different regions of the alveolar bone. For bone protuberance that influences aesthetics or function, periodontal alveolar osteoplasty can be a reliable option.

To summarize the clinical experience of Professor LIU Shangyi in treating pruritus vulvae. It is believed that women have the physiological characteristics of liver and kidney as the root， and their pubic area is easily attacked by wind-dampness pathogenic qi， so the core mechanism of pruritus vulvae is proposed as wind-dampness accumulation and deficiency of liver and kidney. The core treatment method is to dispel wind-dampness and nourish the liver and kidneys， and modify the Danggui Decoction （当归饮子） to form a self-prescribed Yinyang Formula （阴痒方） as the basic prescription to treat pruritus vulvaen.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the correlation between balance function and core muscle activation in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), compared to healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 24 AIS patients and 25 healthy controls were recruited. The limits of stability (LOS) test were conducted to assess balance function, while surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of core muscles, including the internal oblique, external oblique, and multifidus. Diaphragm thickness was measured using ultrasound during different postural tasks. Center of pressure (COP) displacement and trunk inclination distance were also recorded during the LOS test. Results: AIS patients showed significantly greater activation of superficial core muscles, such as the internal and external oblique muscles, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Diaphragm activation was lower in AIS patients during balance tasks (p < 0.01). Although no significant difference was observed in COP displacement between the groups, trunk inclination was significantly greater in the AIS group during certain tasks (p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest distinct postural control patterns in AIS patients, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions to improve balance and core muscle function in this population.