Due to the difficulty of overcoming the abnormal epidermal barriers and addressing S. aureus infections without disrupting indigenous skin microbiota, effective treatment of bacterial infection atopic dermatitis (AD) remains a significant clinical challenge. Skin microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) shows protentional for skin disease treatment, but the lack of antimicrobial activity and limited skin penetration hamper their application in bacterial infection AD treatment. Here, we developed novel nanoantibiotics by loading Lev into S. epidermidis-derived EVs (Lev@SE-EVs), with supreme antimicrobial activity, regulating epidermal immune responses and enhanced epidermal barrier functionality. The nanoantibiotics were further integrated into hyaluronic acid-based microneedle (MN) for efficient transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents and effectively treating bacterial infection in AD. Upon insertion into the skin, the rapidly released Lev@SE-EVs from MN are uptake by S. aureus in a selective manner, fibroblasts, and surrounding immune cells to exert therapeutic effects in the infected dermal layer, resulting in mitigated skin inflammation, reduced S. aureus burden and increased dermis repair. Notably, Lev@SE-EVs induce IL-17A⁺ CD8⁺ T-cell accumulation in the skin in an unrelated inflammation manner, which may represent heterologous protection. This EVs-integrated MN assisted Lev@SE-EVs to alleviate skin inflammation, repair skin, and provide an effective and safe therapeutic approach for bacterial infection AD treatment.

Synthetic biology is a crucial tool for the development of the bio-industry and bio-economy, representing a significant aspect of new quality productive forces. As a core course for graduate students in bioengineering, Synthetic Biology plays a vital role in ensuring the supply of essential talents for the development of the bio-industry in the new era. To better serve regional economic development and provide high-level talents for China's progress in the bio-industry, we analyzed typical issues encountered in the past teaching activities, set up a multi-disciplinary teaching team, optimized the course contents, adjusted the teaching mode, and mobilized students' learning interest. With the application of scientific research project as the starting point, we guided students to think and discuss deeply through the simulation of application writing and project defense, which improved students' critical thinking and innovative thinking. With industrialization as a focus, we explored a new training model combining production, education, and research through the joint practice base of the university and enterprises introduced typical cases of biomanufacturing to encourage students to engage in scientific research. The teaching reform significantly enhances the comprehensive abilities and national sentiments of graduate students. This paper hopes to serve as a reference for colleagues engaged in teaching in this field.
Synthetic Biology/education* ; Teaching ; China ; Humans

Objective To analyze and evaluate the implementation effect of tuberculosis prevention and control program in Wuhan, and to provide reference for scientific formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control measures. Methods Using the National Tuberculosis Information Management System, descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the medical record information of pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in Wuhan , 2016 - 2021. Results A total of 34 937 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were registered in Wuhan , with an average annual incidence rate of 49.85/100 000. The incidence rate showed a downward trend year by year, with a statistically significant difference in 2016—2021 (χ²_trend = 708.387, P<0.001). The patients mainly came from referrals, accounting for 71.86%, and the proportion of referrals varied significantly among different years (χ²=355.541, P<0.001). The diagnosis type was mainly pathogenic negative, accounting for 49.12%. The proportion of pathogenic negative had statistically significant difference among different years (χ²=1 354.830, P<0.001). The proportion of patients cured and completed the course of treatment reached 93.98%, with statistically significant differences in the proportions among different years (cured, χ²=1 080.252, P<0.001; completed the treatment course, χ²= 933.655, P<0.001). The sputum examination rate of newly diagnosed patients in each year reached over 90%, and the overall completion rate reached over 95%. The proportion of positive pathogens showed an increasing trend year by year. Conclusion The overall epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Wuhan is declining year by year, and tuberculosis prevention and control work has achieved remarkable results. Active screening in key areas and populations should be strengthened, and prevention and control strategies should be formulated by emphasizing the key and difficult points.

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of Esketamine hydrochloride nasal spray in rats and ciliary toxicity to maxillary mucosa of bullfrog. METHODS The plasma concentration of esketamine hydrochloride in rats was determined by LC-MS/ MS after intravenous injection of esketamine hydrochloride solution and nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride； the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1.0 software. Using the maxillary mucosa of isolated bullfrog as a model， the morphological changes of maxillary mucosa were investigated， and the duration and recovery of ciliary oscillation were recorded after nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride. RESULTS The peak of blood concentration occurred 2 min after nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride； cmax was （814.58±418.80） ng/mL， AUC0－∞ was （203.75± 92.76） ng·h/mL， and the absolute bioavailability was 60.68%. After nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride， it was observed that the cilia of bullfrog were arranged neatly， the edges were clear， the cilia tissue structure was complete and the cilia moved actively. The cilia movement time was （178.17±13.30） min for the first time， and after the cilia moved again， the ciliary movement time measured again was （24.50±9.19）min with a relative movement percentage of 53.56%. CONCLUSIONS Esketamine hydrochloride nasal spray has a rapid onset of action， high bioavailability， and low ciliary toxicity.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorders.In recent years,some studies have shown that there is a high comorbidity between ADHD and childhood allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma,atopic dermatitis,allergic rhinitis,and food allergies.Inflammatory reactions caused by allergic diseases may affect central nervous system function,Thereby further affecting the occurrence and development of ADHD,suggesting that there may be a close connection between the two diseases at the neuro-immune level.Although the common pathogenesis and causal relationship between the two have not been fully elucidated,multiple studies have revealed the epidemiological association between them.This article provides a review of the research on the association between children's allergic diseases and ADHD,and explores the possible comorbid mechanisms between them,and explore the treatment of comorbidities of allergic diseases and ADHD,aiming to provide new ideas for further clinical diagnosis,treatment,and research.In addition,more attention needs to be paid to the importance of prevention.By strengthening children's health education and raising the health awareness of parents and teachers,it can help reduce the risk of illness in children and build a more comprehensive and solid protective barrier for their health.

Objective:To carry out evidence-based nursing for postoperative exercise rehabilitation of patients with vertebral fractures, develop review indicators, analyze obstacles and facilitators in evidence-based nursing practice, and formulate reform strategies.Methods:Guided by the evidence-based nursing practice model of the Joanna Briggs Institute, this study incorporated evidence of postoperative exercise rehabilitation in patients with vertebral fractures and developed review items. Based on baseline review, the obstacles and facilitators in evidence-based nursing practice were analyzed, and reform strategies were formulated.Results:A total of 29 evidence items were included, and 16 review indicators were formulated. Only seven indicators had a compliance rate of 100%, two indicators had a compliance rate of 0, and the compliance rate of the remaining indicators was between 11% and 95%. The obstacles in evidence-based nursing practice came from three levels: system, practitioner, and patient. The facilitators included strong leadership and organizational abilities, close cooperation between medical and nursing teams, and so on. Corresponding change strategies were developed based on obstacles and facilitators.Conclusions:There is a certain gap between the evidence of exercise rehabilitation and evidence-based nursing practice in postoperative patients with vertebral fractures. We should make full use of facilitators to overcome obstacles and implement reform strategies.

Objective:To translate the perceived stressors in intensive care units Scale into Chinese version,and to validate its validity and reliability and in intensive healthcare professionals.Methods:The Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units Scale was translated according to the Brislin translation model.After cultural adjustment,495 ICU healthcare professionals were selected to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale,and univariate analysis was conducted on the scores of the Scale with different characteristics.Results:The Chinese version of the scale re-tained 40 items,and 6 common factors were extracted after exploratory factor analysis.The cumulative variance contribution rate reached 58.21％.Confirmatory factor analysis showed a basic fit of the model(x2/df=2.85,CFI=0.93,TLI=0.93,RMSEA=0.09).The total Cronbach coefficient of the scale was 0.940 and the split-half relia-bility was 0.87.The retest reliability after 2 weeks was 0.92.The item-level content validity index of the Chinese version of The Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units Scale was 0.83～1.00,the scale-level content validity index was 0.93,and the average content validity was 0.98.Comparison of the total scores of scale among ICU healthcare professionals with different occupations,professional titles,marital status and working years showed sta-tistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The Chinese version of the Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units Scale is proved to be a good instrument with acceptable validity and reliability.

Objective:To establish a UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,naringin,hesperidin,neohesperidin,costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone to improve the quality standard of Shangke Dieda Tablets.Methods:An Agilent Poroshell 120 C18 column(100 mm × 4.6 mm;2.7 μm)was used with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1％phosphate solution with binary gradient system at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 230 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃.Results:Paeoniflorin,naringin,hesperidin,neohesperidin,cosinolide and dehydrocosinolide showed a good linear relationship between injection concentration and peak area(r＞0.999).The linear ranges of six components were 0.854 2-256.272 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),1.057 5-317.247 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),and 0.989 5-269.850 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),1.055 6-316.689 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),0.905 1-271.527 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 8),and 1.064 7-319.395 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),respectively.The average recoveries of six components were 99.4％(RSD=1.2％),104.0％(RSD=1.2％),101.6％(RSD=1.0％),102.9％(RSD=0.4％),97.0％(RSD=1.9％),and 104.2％(RSD=1.0％),respectively.A total of 74 batches of samples were collected from 10 manufacturers.The contents of paeoniflorin,naringin,hesperidin,neohesperidin,coxinolactone,and dehydro-cosinolactone were 0.250 8-0.653 2,0.042 2-0.930 9,0.590 9-3.978 0,0.021 2-0.592 6,0.002 4-0.156 7,0.009 2-0.231 3 mg per tablet,respectively.Conclusion:The validated results showed that the method can be used to control the quality of Shangke Dieda Tablets.

Surfactant is a kind of substance that can significantly reduce the surface/interface tension.Surfactant is an important substance that affects the preparation technology,stability and safety of nanoformulation.By combing the structure classification of surfactants and their function mechanism in nanoformulation,combined with the research status at home and abroad,the application and research of surfactants in the listed nanoformulation were described,in order to provide reference for the research and development of new nanoformulation.