Objective To evaluate the cognition, attitude, and barriers of family doctor team members in chongming district of Shanghai to pharmacists joining the team and providing community pharmaceutical care. To provide the reference resources for the establishment of community pharmaceutical care management mode with appropriate suburban characteristics. Methods In a cross-section study conducted in 2020, an online questionnaire was provided to family doctor teams in 18 townships in Chongming District through group WeChat. Descriptive statistical data were used to analyze the cognition, attitude and barrier of family physician team members to community pharmaceutical care. Results Among the 555 participants in the study, 351 (63.24%) were female, 187 general practitioners (33.69%), 226 nurses (40.72%), and 142 public health physicians (25.59%). There were statistically significant differences in CPC cognition among the three classes of family doctor team members (P<0.05). 126 nurses (51.22%) and 84 public health physicians (68.85%) claimed never heard of CPC. 11.48% public health physicians and 23.58% nurses were familiar with the work content and responsibilities of community clinical pharmacists. General practitioners showed relatively high proportion of 34.76%. 34.22% of general practitioners held a "disagree attitude" against that "community pharmaceutical care can improve the medication efficacy for patients". "Insufficient investment in the health sector" and "insufficient community pharmacists" were the main obstacles to the development of community pharmaceutical care. Conclusion The attitude of family doctors in Chongming area to community pharmaceutical care was conservative. Public healthcare persons and nurses had a low awareness to community pharmaceutical care. The development of community pharmaceutical care was limited by the lack of financial investment and manpower.

Based on national health insurance policy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical practice and newly revealed pathological changes in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the early TCM utilization was recommended to promote blood circulation and protect respiratory system. The fermented Ophiocordyceps powder preparations (Bailing tablets or capsules) are the top choice to inhibit the cytokine storm, relieve lung fibrosis and kidney damage.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of adenosine in acute lung injury induced by central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity in the rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and to further confirm the effects of adenosine against CNS oxygen toxicity.Methods The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the blank control group,the solvent-control group and the adenosine group.The blank control group didnt receive any treatment,while the solvent-control group and the adenosine group were respectively treated with normal physiological saline and adenosine(160 μg).Then,the animals were exposed to HBO at a dosage of 0.6 MPa for 30 minutes and observations were made on the hemorrhage on the surface of the lungs.Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for protein level detection,and lung tissues were collected for water level and pathological detection.Results Pulmonary surface bleeding of the adenosine group was significantly alleviated as compared with that of the vehicle-control group.Microscopic detection displayed that inflammatory cell infiltration,hemorrhage and pulmonary edema of the adenosine group were all decreased to some extent.In addition,BALF protein level of the adenosine group was also significantly decreased [(0.21 ±0.19) mg/L],as compared with that of the solvent-control group [(0.73 ±0.23) mg/L].The protein level of the solvent-control group was also significantly increased,as compared with that of the blank control group [(0.10 ± 0.02) rng/L],with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Pulmonary water level of the adenosine group [(80.42 ± 1.05) ％] was significantly lower than that of the solvent-control group,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Pulmonary water level of the solvent-control group was also increased to some extent,as compared with that of the control group [(76.25 ± 0.07) ％],but without statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Results indicated that adenosine could significantly alleviate acute pulmonary injury induced by CNS oxygen toxicity,which further demonstrated that adenosine had certain protective effects on CNS oxygen toxicity.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of adenosine in acute lung injury induced by central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity in the rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and to further confirm the effects of adenosine against CNS oxygen toxicity.Methods The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the blank control group,the solvent-control group and the adenosine group.The blank control group didnt receive any treatment,while the solvent-control group and the adenosine group were respectively treated with normal physiological saline and adenosine(160 μg).Then,the animals were exposed to HBO at a dosage of 0.6 MPa for 30 minutes and observations were made on the hemorrhage on the surface of the lungs.Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for protein level detection,and lung tissues were collected for water level and pathological detection.Results Pulmonary surface bleeding of the adenosine group was significantly alleviated as compared with that of the vehicle-control group.Microscopic detection displayed that inflammatory cell infiltration,hemorrhage and pulmonary edema of the adenosine group were all decreased to some extent.In addition,BALF protein level of the adenosine group was also significantly decreased [(0.21 ±0.19) mg/L],as compared with that of the solvent-control group [(0.73 ±0.23) mg/L].The protein level of the solvent-control group was also significantly increased,as compared with that of the blank control group [(0.10 ± 0.02) rng/L],with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Pulmonary water level of the adenosine group [(80.42 ± 1.05) ％] was significantly lower than that of the solvent-control group,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Pulmonary water level of the solvent-control group was also increased to some extent,as compared with that of the control group [(76.25 ± 0.07) ％],but without statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Results indicated that adenosine could significantly alleviate acute pulmonary injury induced by CNS oxygen toxicity,which further demonstrated that adenosine had certain protective effects on CNS oxygen toxicity.

Objective To investigate the role of adenosine in central nervous system oxygen toxicity induced by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO).Methods (1) Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group (without any treatment) and the HBO group (exposed at 0.5 MPa HBO for 10 min).The contents of adenosine in the cortex were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).(2) Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the blank control group,the 40 μg adenosine treatment group,the 80 μg treatment group and 160 μg treatment group,each consisting of 6 animals.Animals in the above 4 groups were respectively given physiological saline and different levels of adenosine by injection into the cerebral cavity,then,they were exposed to HBO at a pressure of 0.6 MPa and latency of oxygen convulsion was recorded accordingly.Results HBO exposure could obviously elevate the level of adenosine in the cortex of mice.No statistical significance could be seen in latency of oxygen convulsion for the 40 μg adenosine treatment group[(22.71 ± 2.08)min] as compared with that of the control group [(21.25 ± 16.08)min] (P ＞ 0.05).However,latencies of oxygen convulsion for the 80 μg adenosine treatment group[(35.40 ±6.08) min] and the 160 μg adenosine treatment group[(50.96 ± 12.10) min] were obviously prolonged,as compared with that of control group,with statistical significance(P ＜ 0.05).And there existed a certain dose-effect relationship between them.Conclusions HBO exposure could elevate the level of adenosine in the cortex of the exposed animals.Local administration of adenosine in the cortex could effectively prolong the latency of central nervous system oxygen convulsion.

Objective To investigate the role of adenosine in central nervous system oxygen toxicity induced by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO).Methods (1) Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group (without any treatment) and the HBO group (exposed at 0.5 MPa HBO for 10 min).The contents of adenosine in the cortex were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).(2) Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the blank control group,the 40 μg adenosine treatment group,the 80 μg treatment group and 160 μg treatment group,each consisting of 6 animals.Animals in the above 4 groups were respectively given physiological saline and different levels of adenosine by injection into the cerebral cavity,then,they were exposed to HBO at a pressure of 0.6 MPa and latency of oxygen convulsion was recorded accordingly.Results HBO exposure could obviously elevate the level of adenosine in the cortex of mice.No statistical significance could be seen in latency of oxygen convulsion for the 40 μg adenosine treatment group[(22.71 ± 2.08)min] as compared with that of the control group [(21.25 ± 16.08)min] (P ＞ 0.05).However,latencies of oxygen convulsion for the 80 μg adenosine treatment group[(35.40 ±6.08) min] and the 160 μg adenosine treatment group[(50.96 ± 12.10) min] were obviously prolonged,as compared with that of control group,with statistical significance(P ＜ 0.05).And there existed a certain dose-effect relationship between them.Conclusions HBO exposure could elevate the level of adenosine in the cortex of the exposed animals.Local administration of adenosine in the cortex could effectively prolong the latency of central nervous system oxygen convulsion.