Objective:To explore the relationship between lipid metabolism molecules in plasma and carotid atherosclerotic plaques,traditional cardiovascular risk factors and possible dietary related factors.Methods:Firstly,among 1 312 community people from those who participated in a 10-year follow-up study of subclinical atherosclerosis cohort in Shijingshan District,Beijing,85 individuals with 2 or more carotid soft plaques or mixed plaques and 89 healthy individuals without plaques were selected according to the inclusive and the exclusive criteria(＜70 years,not having clinical cardiovascular disease and other diseases,etc.).Secondly,10 cases and 10 controls were randomly selected in the above 85 and 89 individuals respectively.Carotid plaques were detected using GE Vivid i Ultrasound Machine with 8L de-tector.Lipid metabolism molecules were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spec-trometry.The detection indexes included 113 lipid metabolism molecules.Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were collected by unified standard questionnaires,and dietary related factors were collected by main dietary frequency and weight scale.The difference of lipid metabolism molecules between the case group and the control group was analyzed by Wilcoxin rank test.In the control group,the Spearman cor-relation method was used to analyze the correlation between statistically significant lipid metabolism molecules and traditional cardiovascular risk factors and dietary factors.Results:Among the 113 lipid metabolism molecules,53 lipid metabolism molecules were detected.C24∶0 sphingomyelin(SM),C22∶0/C24∶0 ceramide molecules,C18∶0 phosphoethanolamine(PE)molecules,and C18∶0/C18∶2(Cis)phosphatidylcholine(PC)were significantly higher in the carotid atherosclerotic plaque group than in the control group.The correlation analysis showed that C24∶0 SM was significantly positively correlated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C,r=0.636,P＜0.05),C18∶2(Cis)PC(DLPC)was sig-nificantly positively correlated with systolic pressure(r=0.733,P＜0.05),C18∶0 PE was significantly positively correlated with high sensitivity C-response protein(r=0.782,P＜0.01),C22∶0,C24∶0 ce-ramide and C18∶0 PE were negatively correlated with vegetable intake(r=-0.679,P＜0.05;r=-0.711,P＜0.05;r=-0.808,P＜0.01),C24∶0 ceramide was also negatively correlated with beans food intake(r=-0.736,P＜0.05)in the control group.Conclusion:The increase of plasma C24∶0 SM,C22∶0,C24∶0 ceramide,C18∶0PE,C18∶2(Cis)PC(DLPC),C18∶0PC(DSPC)may be new risk factors for human atherosclerotic plaques.These molecules may be related to blood lipid,blood pres-sure or inflammatory level and the intake of vegetables and soy products,but the nature of the association needs to be verified in a larger sample population.

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the 2021 global burden of disease database assessment of deaths and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)attributed to alcohol exposure induced malignant tumors in China,providing a scientif-ic basis for the prevention and control of alcohol exposure-related malignancies in China.Methods The 2021 global burden of dis-ease database were retrieved,analyzed the number of deaths and mortality,DALYs,and DALY rates for malignant tumors in China,and analyzed the mortality and DALY situations attributed to alcohol exposure for different gender and types of tumors.Results In 2021,the number of cancer-related deaths in China was 2.8178 million,accounting for 28.50%of the global total cancer deaths(2.8178 million vs.9.8884 million).The DALYs of malignant tumors in China were 2.8209 million person-year,accounting for 30.20%of the global DALY of malignant tumors(2.8209 million person-year vs.9.3407 million person-year).The mortality of malignant tumors attributed to alcohol exposure in males(12.80/100,000 vs.1.37/100,000)and DALY rate(354.08/100,000 vs.34.96/100,000)were higher than those in females.From the perspective of age distribution,the mortality of malignant tumors caused by alco-hol exposure increased with age,and the DALY rate reached its peak in the 70-year-old age group and then decreased again.The top three tumors with the highest disease burden caused by alcohol exposure were esophageal cancer,liver cancer,and colorectal cancer.Conclusion Alcohol exposure in China leads to a heavier burden of malignant tumor mortality and DALY,with higher in male malig-nant tumor mortality than that in females.Alcohol exposure mainly causes gastrointestinal tumors.The prevention and treatment of male gastrointestinal tumors should focus on alcohol exposure.

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the 2021 global burden of disease database assessment of deaths and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)attributed to alcohol exposure induced malignant tumors in China,providing a scientif-ic basis for the prevention and control of alcohol exposure-related malignancies in China.Methods The 2021 global burden of dis-ease database were retrieved,analyzed the number of deaths and mortality,DALYs,and DALY rates for malignant tumors in China,and analyzed the mortality and DALY situations attributed to alcohol exposure for different gender and types of tumors.Results In 2021,the number of cancer-related deaths in China was 2.8178 million,accounting for 28.50%of the global total cancer deaths(2.8178 million vs.9.8884 million).The DALYs of malignant tumors in China were 2.8209 million person-year,accounting for 30.20%of the global DALY of malignant tumors(2.8209 million person-year vs.9.3407 million person-year).The mortality of malignant tumors attributed to alcohol exposure in males(12.80/100,000 vs.1.37/100,000)and DALY rate(354.08/100,000 vs.34.96/100,000)were higher than those in females.From the perspective of age distribution,the mortality of malignant tumors caused by alco-hol exposure increased with age,and the DALY rate reached its peak in the 70-year-old age group and then decreased again.The top three tumors with the highest disease burden caused by alcohol exposure were esophageal cancer,liver cancer,and colorectal cancer.Conclusion Alcohol exposure in China leads to a heavier burden of malignant tumor mortality and DALY,with higher in male malig-nant tumor mortality than that in females.Alcohol exposure mainly causes gastrointestinal tumors.The prevention and treatment of male gastrointestinal tumors should focus on alcohol exposure.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the preferred treatment of early colorectal cancer. PDCD4 and autophagy have important clinical significance in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Aims: To explore the expressions and significance of apoptosis factor PDCD4 and autophagy factors LC3Ⅱ and p62 in colorectal cancer. Methods: Fifty-four early colorectal adenocarcinoma patients treated by ESD from Jan. 2015 to Nov. 2020 at Binzhou Medical University Hospital were collected. The expressions of PDCD4, LC3Ⅱ and p62 were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlations with clinicopathological factors were analyzed. The differential expression of PDCD4 in pan-cancer was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Results: Expression of PDCD4 was associated with the long-diameter of paracancer adenoma (P<0.05), and expressions of LC3Ⅱ and p62 were associated with the long-diameters of adenocarcinoma and paracancer adenoma (P<0.05). The positive expression of PDCD4 in P-NIMM was located in the nucleus, while the positive expression in adenocarcinoma was located in cytoplasm. The nucleus/cytoplasm ratio of PDCD4 was significantly higher in P-NIMM than in P-LGIN, P-HGIN and adenocarcinoma (P<0.05), and the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio of PDCD4 was significantly higher in P-LGIN, P-HGIN than in adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of LC3Ⅱ and p62 were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in P-NIMM and P-LGIN (P<0.05). In P-LGIN, P-HGIN and adenocarcinoma, the expression of PDCD4 was negatively correlated with the expressions of LC3Ⅱ and p62 (P<0.05). The bioinformatics analysis showed that expression of PDCD4 was significantly reduced in a variety of malignant tumors including colorectal cancer (P<0.05). Conclusions: The inhibition of apoptosis and activation of autophagy may promote the occurrence of colorectal cancer, and its mechanism may be related to the intracellular transposition of PDCD4 that inhibits cell apoptosis and enhances autophagy, and activating cellular autophagy may further accelerate the degradation of PDCD4 and thus reducing its cancer inhibiting effect.

In order to study the biological function of pig BST-2 gene,the BST-2 gene was amplified with specific primers from porcine kidney tissue,and molecular characterization of BST-2 nuclectide and amino acid sequence were analyzed with bioinformatics tools and online server.Then the prokaryotic expression and tissue expression profile analysis was carried out.The results showed that the full length of pig BST-2 gene was 851 bp and contained 23 bp of 5'-UTR,294 bp of 3'-UTR and 534 bp of CDS and the gene encoded 177 aa.Amino acid sequence analysis of pig BST-2 protein showed 46.1％ identity with gorilla gorilla,41.7％ with cricetulus griseus,39.5％ with mus musculus,35.4％ with equus asinus,42.0％ with felis catus,40.5％ with bos mutus,44.4％ with macaca mulatta,38.7％ with ovis aries and 46.8％ with homo sapiens.BST-2 protein contained 2 transmembrane structure (27-49 aa and 154-176 aa),2 glycosylation sites and 14 potential phosphorylation sites including ATM,CK Ⅱ,PKA,PKC binding sites.The pig BST-2 protein was expressed in Vero cells after translated the recombinant plasmid FLAG-BST-2.Semiquantitative PCR results showed that BST-2 gene was expressed in all the tissues,especially in lymph nodes,thymus,tonsils,spleen,large intestine and small intestine.This study provide a foundation for further understanding the antiviral mechanism of pig BST-2 protein.

To investigate the effects of Jianpi Jiedu Formula (JPJDF), a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression induced by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in human gastric cancer cells, and to explore the possible mechanism.