Objective:This study compared the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension and associated factors in China and the United States(US).Methods:Adult data from nationally representative samples were derived from the Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2010 and 2013 in China and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 and 2013 in the US.Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analysis were conducted to assess associations of the four outcomes with body weight status and behavioral factors.Results:Age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension was 35.7％(95％confidence interval[CI]:35.4％to 36.1％)in 2010 and 29.8％(95％CI:29.4％to 30.2％)in 2013 in China,and 35.3％(95％CI:33.6％to 37.1％)in 2010 and 37.9％(95％CI:36.0％to 39.7％)in 2013 in the US.Among hypertensive participants,the age-standardized rates of treatment were 18.4％(95％CI:17.9％to 18.9％)in 2010 and 23.8％(95％CI:23.1％to 24.6％)in 2013 in China and 54.5％(95％CI:50.3％to 58.7％)in 2010 and 50.9％(95％CI:46.5％to 55.3％)in 2013 in the US;the age-standardized hypertension control rates were 3.2％(95％CI:3.0％to 3.5％)and 5.7％(95％CI:5.3％to 6.0％)in 2010 and 2013 in China and 50.6％(95％CI:46.2％to 55.0％)and 55.3％(95％CI:50.3％to 60.3％)in the US.Obesity was significantly associated with prevalence,awareness and control rates in both countries.Different from the US,obesity was negatively associated with hypertension control in China.Conclusion:Hypertension prevalence in China is similar to that in the US,but the control rate in China was significantly lower.Obesity was a critical risk factor for poor hypertension control in China.

Objective:To initially construct the index system of core competence for psychiatric mental health advanced practice registered nurses, and clarify the importance of indicators at all levels, so as to provide reference for further training of psychiatric mental health advanced practice registered nurses in China.Methods:A research group was established in October 2021 to determine the content of the index system of core competence for psychiatric mental health advanced practice registered nurses through literature search and discussion of the research group. From November 2021 to February 2022, 18 experts were consulted by Delphi method in the form of email and WeChat to adjust and modify the items.Results:The enthusiasm of experts in the two rounds of expert consultation was 100.0% (18/18) . After two rounds of expert consultation, the index coefficient of variation was less than 0.25. The Kendall 's coefficients of indicators at all levels in the first round of expert consultation were 0.117, 0.158, 0.100 ( P<0.01) , and the Kendall 's coefficients of indicators at all levels in the second round of expert consultation were 0.250, 0.213, 0.189 ( P<0.01) . An index system consisting of 6 first-level indicators, 16 second-level indicators and 56 third-level indicators were formed. Conclusions:The index system of core competence for psychiatric mental health advanced practice registered nurses has a high degree of enthusiasm, authority and coordination of opinions of consulting experts, which can provide a scientific basis for further training psychiatric mental health advanced practice registered nurses in China.

Objective:To adapt and build Guideline for Management of Antipsychotic Medication Adherence in Schizophrenics which is suitable for China's national conditions. Methods:Guided by the ADAPTE guideline adaptation method, and combined with the current status of antipsychotic medication adherence of schizophrenics in China, we systematically searched the existing antipsychotic medication adherence management guidelines and systematic evaluation, and evaluated, selected, and integrated the best evidence. We conducted usability research on the adapted guidelines, conducted discussions among experts and external evaluations to form the final version of the guideline.Results:A total of 9 guidelines and 14 systematic evaluations were included. The adapted guideline contained 30 pieces of evidence, including 4 themes of policy and decision support, medication adherence assessment, medication adherence management plan, and medication adherence management measures.Conclusions:The adapted guideline for nursing management of antipsychotic medication adherence in schizophrenics can provide evidence support for clinical nursing practice.

Objective:To Chinesize and revise Wilson-Sims Psychiatric Fall Risk Assessment Tool (WSFRAT) and test its reliability and validity.Methods:According to the modified translation principle for scale of Brislin, WSFRAT-M was formed through expert consultation after the Chinesization of the scale. Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 182 inpatients in Shanghai Mental Health Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in January 2020 were selected as the research objects. The structural validity, inter-evaluator reliability and predictive reliability of the scale were evaluated.Results:The final WSFRAT-M had 15 items, which were divided into 5 factors through exploratory factor analysis, with a contribution rate of 65.558%. The inter-evaluator reliability of the scale was 0.98. The area under the ROC curve was 0.818. When the segmentation point was 7.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 78.4%.Conclusions:The predictive reliability of WSFRAT-M is good, but the structural validity is general. To some extent, WSFRAT-M is worthy of clinical application in psychiatry.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of pediatric glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1 DS), evaluate the efficacy and safety of ketogenic diet therapy (KDT).Methods:Clinical data of 19 children with GLUT1 DS admitted to Children′s Hospital of Fudan University, Tianjin Children′s Hospital, Shenzhen Children′s Hospital, Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangxi Provincial Children′s Hospital between 2015 and 2019 were collected retrospectively. The first onset symptom, main clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid features and genetic testing results of patients were summarized, the efficacy and safety of ketogenic diet treatment were analyzed. Results:Among the 19 cases, 13 were males and 6 females. The age of onset was 11.0 (1.5-45.0) months,the age of diagnosis was 54.0 (2.8-132.0) months. Epilepsy was the first onset symptom of 13 cases. Different forms of tonic-clonic seizures were the most common types of epilepsy (7 cases with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, 5 cases with focal tonic or clonic seizures, 4 cases with generalized tonic seizures). Antiepileptic drugs were effective in 4 cases. Paroxysmal motor dysfunction was present in 12 cases and ataxia was the most common one. All patients had different degrees of psychomotor retardation. Among 17 patients received cerebrospinal fluid examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose level was lower than 2.2 mmol/L and CSF glucose/glycemic index was<0.45 in 16 cases, only 1 case presented normal CSF glucose level (2.3 mmol/L) and normal CSF glucose/glycemic index(0.47). SLC2A1 gene mutations were found in 16 patients, missense, frameshift and nonsense mutations were the common types with 5 cases, 5 cases and 3 cases respectively. All 19 patients were treated with ketogenic diet, which was effective in 18 cases in seizure control, 11 cases in dyskinesia improvement and 18 cases in cognitive function improvement. No serious side effects were reported in any stage of KDT.Conclusions:The diagnosis of GLUT1 DS is often late. It is necessary to improve the early recognition of the disease and perform CSF glucose detection and genetic testing as early as possible. The KDT is an effective and safe treatment for GLUT1 DS, but a small number of patients have not response to diet therapy.

Objective:To explore the effects of cognitive belief, acceptance and state anxiety on auditory hallucination symptom in patients with schizophrenia and its effect path.Methods:From October 2018 to July 2019, a total of 133 inpatients with schizophrenia who had auditory hallucinations in a ClassⅢ Grade A psychiatric hospital in Shanghai were selected as research objects by the convenience sampling. They were investigated by General Information Questionnaire, Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales Auditory Hallucinations (PSYRATS-AH) , Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire-Revised (BAVQ-R) and State Anxiety Inventory of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S-AI) .Results:The PSYRATS-AH score in 133 patients was (23.15±8.06) and BAVQ-R score was (8.62±10.21) . Bad cognition was dominant in 75.2% (100/133) patients, goodwill cognition was dominant in 18.8% (25/133) patients and two cognitions were in a balanced state in 6.0% (8/133) patients. The S-AI score of 133 patients was (41.50±13.50) . 45.9% (61/133) patients had mild anxiety, 46.6% (62/133) had moderate anxiety and 7.5% (10/133) had severe anxiety. In terms of acceptance, 43.6% (58/133) of patients could not tolerate auditory hallucinations, 42.9% (57/133) barely tolerated auditory hallucinations and 13.5% (18/133) could tolerate auditory hallucinations. Multiple regression analysis showed that cognitive belief, acceptance, and state anxiety were factors that affected the severity of auditory hallucinations, explaining 56.0% of the total variation ( F=57.024, P<0.001) . Correlation analysis found that severity of auditory hallucination was positively correlated with cognitive belief and state anxiety ( P<0.01) , but significantly negatively correlated with acceptance ( P<0.01) . Path analysis found that cognitive belief had direct and indirect effects on severity of auditory hallucination while acceptance and state anxiety had direct effects on them. Conclusions:The severity of auditory hallucination in inpatients with schizophrenia is moderate or above. The cognitive belief, acceptance and state anxiety of patients are important factors affecting the severity of auditory hallucination.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of somatization symptoms and its correlation with social support in patients with depressive disorder. Methods: Two hundred and fourteen hospitalized patients with depressive disorder were recruited. Patients were evaluated with Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI), Perceived Social Support from Family Scale (PSS-Fa), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the general questionnaire. Results: The average SSI scores of depressive patients was 49.63±15.53, with 26.2% (56/214) of the patients having moderate to severe level of somatic symptoms. The most common moderate to severe somatic symptoms in depressive patients were "feeling fatigued (61.3%, 131/214), weak (49.5%, 106/214), not feeling well (47.7%, 102/214), feeling faint or dizzy (48.6%, 104/214), or constipation (29.9%, 64/214)" . The average SSRS scores of patients was low (33.24±7.16). The SSI scores and its non-painful dimension (39.05±12.14) were significantly negatively correlated with family support (11.03±3.45) (r=-0.150, P=0.03; r=-0.153, P=0.02) .The SSI scores, and its somatization dimension scores (49.63±15.53) and painful dimension scores (10.58±4.18) were negatively correlated with the total scores of social support (33.24±7.16) (r=-0.164, P=0.02; r=-0.183, P=0.01; r=-0.136, P<0.05) and subjective support (19.14±4.81) (r=-0.167, P=0.02; r=-0.163, P=0.02; r=-0.177, P=0.01) . The SSI scores and its non-painful dimension of patients were negatively correlated with support utilization (r=-0.179, P=0.01; r=-0.194, P=0.01) . Conclusion Somatic symptoms are prevalent and severe in patients with depressive disorder. The somatic symptoms of depressive patients was closely correlated with decreased social support, especially low subjective support and support utilization.

Objective? To investigate the effect of Team collaboration management program on the metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients. Methods? From March 2017 to March 2018, the schizophrenic patients with metabolic syndrome who were admitted in Shanghai Mental Health Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected as the participants of this study and divided into observation group (n=45) and control group (n=47) according to the time of admission. The two groups were both given routine treatment and nursing care in psychiatric department. Besides of that, the team collaboration management program was implemented in the observation group. Assessments were done before intervention and 16 weeks after intervention using related metabolic parameters, the Brief Scale of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). Results? There was no significant difference in metabolic parameters, WHOQOL-BREF and PANSS scores between the two groups before intervention (P＞0.05). After 16 weeks of intervention, patients' fasting blood sugar level, body weight, waist circumference, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and systolic pressure in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The scores of"physical health" and "psychological function" in WHOQOL-BREF in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, meanwhile, the scores of "positive and general pathological symptoms" in PANSS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, both with statistical significance (P＜0.05). Conclusions? Team collaboration management program can help controlling the related metabolic parameters of the schizophrenic patients with metabolic syndrome effectively, improve their quality of life and promote recovery from their mental symptoms.

Objective To explore the disease management experience of patients with depression and their caregivers.Methods In February to July 2017, qualitative research method was adopted, and depth interviews were conducted among 16 patients with depression and 12 caregivers.Results After analysis, 4 themes were extracted. Emotion management: the patients and their caregivers were void of knowledge of the disease which affects the identification of emotional symptoms,and they were also deficient in methods and skills of emotional regulation. Drug management: depression emotion affected the self-management of drugs. The comprehending deviation of drug effects and adverse reaction will affect the patients to continue take medicine. Role management: patients had misunderstood the maintenance of social role function, and their attitude towards the maintenance of a good social role function was also lack of continuity. Social resources and utilization: supporting social resources were insufficient, and social resources cannot be effectively utilized. Conclusions There are some difficulties in the disease management of patients with depression, so patients and their caregivers should learn disease-related knowledge and management skills. At the same time, social support and help in multiple ways are required.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between pulp chamber height and dentine thickness of mandibular first molar on long axis with age in a Chinese Han population by cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods:CBCT images of 420 Chinese Han subjects(210 males and 210 females) were divided into 6 age groups as follows:15-24,25-34,35-44,45-54,55-64 and 65-74 years(n=70,35 males and 35 females).The height of pulp chamber and dentine thickness of the chamber root and floor of mandibular first permanent molar on long axis was measured by Galileo software of CBCT in vertical direction and then statistical analysis was carried out.Results:On long axis,the height of pulp chamber was (0.85±0.54) mm in males and (0.79±0.51) mm in females(P>0.05);dentine thickness of the pulp chamber roof was (3.60±0.49) mm in males and (3.50±0.49) mm in females(P>0.05);and dentine thickness of the pulp chamber floor was (2.57±0.52) mm in males and (2.49±0.5) mm in females(P>0.05).With aging,the height of pulp chamber was decreased(P<0.05) and dentine thickness of mandibular first permanent molar on long axis was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:In Chinese Han population,the of pulp chamber height of mandibular first permanent molar on long axis is related to age,The dentine thickness increased with ages,the increase of dentine thickness of pulp chamber floor is more significant than that of the roof.