Objective To conduct the reductive reservation for torsional ovary in different states(.un-necrotic ovary,suspected necrotic torsional ovary and torsional necrotic ovary)after the ovarian torsion in pre-maturity SD rat,and to investigate its effect on the ovarian reproductive function in maturity stage.Methods A total of 32 SD rats with 3 weeks old were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups,8 cases in each group.The animal model of ovarian torsion was made by using the Turner method,which was similar to the animal model of testicular torsion,and either group was selected to undergo the sham operation as the con-trol group(CG group).The non-necrotic torsional ovary detorsion group(NNTOD group),suspected necrotic torsional ovary detorsion group(SNTOD group)and necrotic torsional ovary detorsion group(NTOD group)were established respectively.When the animals were fed to sexual maturity at 8 weeks of age,the experimen-tal animals were sacrificed by vertebral dislocation method,and the ovary tissues on the torsional side were cut for HE staining and transmission electron microscopy to examine the changes of ovarian histomorphology and mitochondrial structure.Ovarian cell apoptosis was detected by Tunel assay.ELISA method was used to de-tect the follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH)and anti-mullerian duct hormone(AMH)levels in centrifugal blood.Results The ovarian structure in the CG group and NNTOD group was clear,the ovarian follicles at different levels were developed well;the electron microscopy showed normal mi-tochondria.The ovarian partial structure in the SNTOD group was disorganized,the number of follicles at all levels of growth was decreased;electron microscopic examination showed a little damage of mitochondria.In the NTOD group,the arrangement of ovarian structure was obviously disordered,the number of growing folli-cles at all levels was significantly reduced;the electron microscopy showed that most of the mitochondria were obviously swollen and severely damaged.Compared with the CG group,the apoptosis rate in the SNTOD group and NTOD group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant differ-ence between CG group and NNTOD group(P＞0.05).Compared with the NTOD group,the apoptosis rate in the SNTOD group was decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the CG group,the levels of LH and FSH in the SNTOD and NTOD groups were increased,and the AMH level was decreased(P＜0.05).The LH and FSH levels in the SNTOD group were lower than those in the NTOD group,the AMH level was higher than that in the NTOD group(P＜0.05).Conclusion After reduction of the torsional suspected necrotic ovary in the prematurity rat,the ovarian reproductive function in the torsional side during sexual maturity period is slightly injured;while after reduction of torsional necrotic ovary restoration,its reproductive function is appar-ently damaged.

Objective:To analyze the clinical presentations and diagnostic and treatment process of one patient with autoimmune encephalitis(AE)with double positive anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)and anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor(GABABR)secondary to herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSVE),and to improve the clinicians'awareness of this disease.Methods:The clinical data of one AE patient with double positive anti-NMDAR and anti-GABABR secondary to HSVE were collected,the diagnostic and therapeutic processes were summarized,and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient,a 36-year-old male,developed a headache followed by limb convulsions,and progressed to disturbed consciousness.After admission,the routine biochemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)was abnormal,and the herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1)IgG antibody showed positive in the CSF;both CSF and serum tests for NMDAR antibodies were positive;the head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)results showed abnormal signals in the right occipital white matter,leading to the diagnosis of HSVE secondary to anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Several months later,the patient experienced psychiatric behavior abnormalities,cognitive dysfunction,and sleep disorders,and both the serum NMDAR and GABABR antibodies showed positive results,prompting the diagnosis of HSVE secondary anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-GABABR encephalitis.After treatment with steroid pulse therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG),the patient's condition was improved and the patient was discharged.At one-year follow-up,the patient's psychiatric symptoms had completely resolved,leaving mild cognitive impairment.Conclusion:If the clinical symptoms of the patients recovering from antiviral treatment for HSVE is worsened,secondary AE should be highly suspected;it is important to complete autoimmunity antibody testing as soon as possible for the early diagnosis and treatment to improve the prognosis of the patient.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of frontal recess cells variations in patients with frontal sinus associated headache according to the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification(IFAC).METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on the CT scans of sinuses in patients with frontal sinus associated headache.We reviewed 46 patients with frontal sinus-related headache who had clinical symptoms and were relieved after nasal endoscopic surgery.The development of frontal recess cells in the frontal recess drainage area was analyzed,and the variation of middle meatus and sinus involvement were analyzed in the same time.The Anatomical variations and imaging characteristics of frontal recess cells development in patients with frontal sinus associated headache were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 92 sinus CT profiles were analyzed in 46 patients.The most common cells were agger nasi cell(ANC)(100%,92/92),followed by supra bulla cell(SBC)(78.3%,72/92),supra agger cell(SAC)(67.4%,62/92),supra bulla frontal cell(SBFC)(27.2%,25/92),supra agger frontal cell(SAFC)(20.7%,19/92),frontal septal cell(FSC)(8.7%,8/92)and supraorbital ethmoid cell(SOEC)(0%,0/92).In the conventional frontal sinus drainage area,SAFC(P=0.0108),SAC(P=0.0104)and SAFC(P=0.0088)in the IFAC classification were significantly associated with the occurrence of frontal sinus associated headache.At the same time,the middle concha bullosa also showed a significant correlation with the occurrence of frontal sinus associated headache in the lower segment of the frontal recess drainage channel(P=0.0390).CONCLUSION In the frontal recess drainage channel,the abnormal development of SAC,SAFC,SBFC and the middle concha bullosa are significantly correlated with frontal sinus associated headache.

OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effect and possible mechanism of N-butylphthalide on inflammatory injury of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） in rats. METHODS BMSCs of rats were divided into control group， model group， N-butylphthalide low-concentration， medium-concentration and high-concentration groups （10， 20， 50 μmol/L）. BMSCs were cultured in vitro and lipopolysaccharide （the final concentration of 10 mg/L） was used to establish the inflammatory injury model. After the intervention of N-butylphthalide， the survival rate， apoptotic rate， the contents of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF- α）， interleukin 1β （IL-1β） and IL-6 in cell culture medium， the mRNA expression of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） p65， and the protein expressions of caspase-3， B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 related X protein （Bax） and NF-κB p65 in cells were detected. RESULTS Compared with control group， the survival rate and protein expression of Bcl-2 were decreased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）； the apoptotic rate， contents of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6， the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65， and the protein expressions of caspase-3， Bax and NF-κB p65 were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， above indexes were significantly reversed in all concentration groups of N-butylphthalide （P＜0.05）， in concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS N-butylphthalide can ameliorate the inflammatory injury of BMSCs induced by lipopolysaccharide， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Cerebral microbleed (CMB) is a type of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Recently studies have found that there is a certain relationship between CMB and cognitive impairment. This article mainly reviews the etiology of CMB, the relationship between CMB and cognitive impairment, CMB and cognitive disorders and the possible mechanism of CMB-related cognitive impairment, in order to improve the understanding of cognitive impairment caused by CMB.

The latest epidemiological data suggests that the situation of adult diabetes in China is severe, and metabolic diseases have become significant chronic illnesses that have a serious impact on public health and social development. After more than six years of practice, the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has developed distinctive approaches to manage metabolic patients and has achieved a series of positive outcomes, continuously advancing the standardized diagnosis and treatment model. In order to further improve the efficiency, based on the first edition, the second edition guideline was composed by incorporating experience of the past six years in conjunction with the latest international and domestic guidelines.

The pharmaceutical manufacturing model is gradually changing from intermittent manufacturing to continuous manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing. This paper briefly reviewed the supervision and research progress in continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing in China and abroad and described the definition and advantages of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing. The continuous manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) at the current stage was summarized in the following three terms: the enhancement of the continuity of intermittent manufacturing operations, the integration of continuous equipment to improve physical continuity between units, and the application of advanced process control strategies to improve process continuity. To achieve continuous manufacturing of TCM, the corresponding key technologies, such as material property characterization, process modeling and simulation, process analysis technology, and system integration, were analyzed from the process and equipment, respectively. It was proposed that the continuous manufacturing equipment system should have the characteristics of high speed, high response, and high reliability, "three high(H~3)" for short. Considering the characteristics and current situation of TCM manufacturing, based on the two dimensions of product quality control and production efficiency, a maturity assessment model for continuous manufacturing of TCM, consisting of operation continuity, equipment continuity, process continuity, and quality control continuity, was proposed to provide references for the application of continuous manufacturing technology for TCM. The implementation of continuous manufacturing or the application of key continuous manufacturing technologies in TCM can help to systematically integrate advanced pharmaceutical technology elements and promote the uniformity of TCM quality and the improvement of production efficiency.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Reproducibility of Results ; China ; Quality Control ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Objective:To investigate the thyroid volume of adults in Lanzhou City, and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:In June 2016, according to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, Han residents aged 18 and above in Chengguan, Xigu and Qilihe districts of Lanzhou City who had lived there for more than 5 years were selected as research subjects, and a portable B-ultrasound machine was used for thyroid examination. Morning urine samples of the subjects were collected to test urinary iodine; fasting venous blood samples of the subjects were collected to test serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), blood lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] and blood uric acid (Ua) levels. At the same time, body indexes systolic blood pressure (SP), diastolic blood pressure (DP), waist circumference, height and weight were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of thyroid volume.Results:A total of 1 009 subjects were included, aged (43.50 ± 15.16) years, and the thyroid volume was (8.74 ± 3.39) ml. Among them, 534 males had a thyroid volume of (9.46 ± 3.43) ml; 475 females had a thyroid volume of (7.93 ± 3.15) ml, the thyroid volume of males was larger than that of females ( t = 7.36, P < 0.01). Thyroid volume was positively correlated with age, height, weight, BMI, SP, waist circumference, LDL, Ua and TgAb ( r = 0.07, 0.23, 0.33, 0.27, 0.10, 0.27, 0.10, 0.08, 0.07, P < 0.05), and it was negatively correlated with thyroid nodules, TPOAb, TSH and urinary iodine ( r = - 0.16, - 0.07, - 0.10, - 0.08, P < 0.05). After multiple linear regression analysis, TSH, TPOAb, TgAb and thyroid nodules were included in the regression equation, and the standardized B values were - 0.135, - 0.065, 0.123 and - 0.197, respectively. Conclusions:The thyroid volume of males is larger than that of females in Lanzhou City. TSH, TPOAb, TgAb and thyroid nodules are influencing factors of thyroid volume.

Zixue san is a preparation in Chinese Pharmacopoeia ，and is a commonly used representative formula in Liangkai formulation. In the previous editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia ，for the item of the formulation and preparation method of Zixue san，“mirabilite”“mirabilite（prepare）”“Xuanming powder ”and other different descriptions have been repeatedly modified and amended；the methods of preparation of mirabilite in the processing specifications of different provinces and cities are also different，causing effects in actual production. Therefore ，the author has researched the historical evolution of Zixue ，the formulation and preparation method of Zixue san in the previous editions of Chinese P harmacopoeia，and has expounded the change process of mirabilite，mirabilite（prepare），Xuanming powder in the item of formulation and preparation method of Zixue san. In addition ，the author compares Chinese Pharmacopoeia with the processing methods of mirabilite in the national and provincial processing specifications ，in order to provide a basis for the processing of mirabilite in the formulation of Zixue san.

Objective:To investigate the detection rate and related factors of thyroid nodules in people with abnormal lipid metabolism.Methods:From September 4, 2016 to February 1, 2017, community residents living in Lanzhou City, Longnan City, Dingxi City and Linxia City of Gansu Province for more than 5 years were selected as the respondents. General data were recorded, venous blood was collected, blood lipid related biochemical indexes were detected, and thyroid ultrasound was performed. By comparing the general data and biochemical indexes, the detection of abnormal lipid metabolism and thyroid nodules were analyzed, and the risk factors of thyroid nodules in people with abnormal lipid metabolism were analyzed by logistic regression.Results:Two thousand and fifty-nine residents were included in this study (1 049 males and 1 010 females). The total detection rate of thyroid nodules was 23.17% (477/2 059). The detection rate of thyroid nodules in people with abnormal lipid metabolism [34.16%(151/442)] was significantly higher than that in people with normal lipid metabolism [20.16% (326/1 617) , P < 0.01], and the detection rate of thyroid nodules of women [43.37% (85/196) ] was higher than that of men [26.83% (66/246) , P < 0.01]. Among the people with abnormal lipid metabolism, the highest detection rate of thyroid nodules was in mixed hyperlipidemia [57.14% (16/28)], followed by hypertriglyceridemia [34.59% (92/266)]. The detection rates of thyroid nodules in the groups with elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels [35.16% (32/91), 34.85% (23/66)] were higher than those in the marginal elevated group [27.04%(86/318), 30.42% (73/240)] and the normal groups [21.76% (359/1 650), 21.73% (381/1 753), P < 0.05]. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of thyroid nodules in people with abnormal lipid metabolism were increased age, elevated fasting blood glucose (FPG), elevated blood glucose 2 hours (2 h PG) after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) load and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c, odds ratio ( OR)=1.065, 1.387, 1.866, 1.384, P < 0.05]. Conclusions:The prevalence of TN is higher in populations with abnormal lipid metabolism. The control of blood sugar and blood lipid levels may play a role in the prevention of thyroid nodules.