Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases and type 1 diabetes mellitus commonly co-occur, and their co-occurrence can impair glycemic control and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, early identification and management of both conditions are important. This article aims to review the prevalence, incidence, and clinical evidence of co-occurrence of autoimmune thyroid diseases and type 1 diabetes mellitus, their shared pathogenic mechanisms, and considerations for screening and therapy.

Hyperthyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder commonly managed with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgical intervention. Conventionally, thyroidectomy is performed only after achieving a euthyroid state to minimize intraoperative and postoperative complications. However, emerging evidence suggests that, under specific conditions, thyroidectomy may be safely conducted even in the absence of complete preoperative disease controlled. This review provides an expert endocrinologist′s perspective on the safety and feasibility of thyroid surgery in patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, examines various preoperative optimization strategies, and underscores the critical role of perioperative management in ensuring optimal surgical outcomes.

Hyperthyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder commonly managed with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgical intervention. Conventionally, thyroidectomy is performed only after achieving a euthyroid state to minimize intraoperative and postoperative complications. However, emerging evidence suggests that, under specific conditions, thyroidectomy may be safely conducted even in the absence of complete preoperative disease controlled. This review provides an expert endocrinologist′s perspective on the safety and feasibility of thyroid surgery in patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, examines various preoperative optimization strategies, and underscores the critical role of perioperative management in ensuring optimal surgical outcomes.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases and type 1 diabetes mellitus commonly co-occur, and their co-occurrence can impair glycemic control and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, early identification and management of both conditions are important. This article aims to review the prevalence, incidence, and clinical evidence of co-occurrence of autoimmune thyroid diseases and type 1 diabetes mellitus, their shared pathogenic mechanisms, and considerations for screening and therapy.

This article reports the clinica diagnosis and treatment of a 66-year-old male patient with elevated free thyroxine(FT 4) following coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) infection. The thyroid function tests showed a significant increase in FT 4, while thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) was not suppressed. Re-testing on different platforms revealed inconsistent FT 4 elevations, indicating potential interference in FT 4 measurement. Radioimmunoprecipitation assays confirmed the presence of anti-thyroxine autoantibodies(T 4Ab) in the patient′s body, specifically the IgM subtype. This article reviews relevant literature, focusing on the identification and differential diagnosis of thyroid hormone autoantibodies interference.

Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively referred to the " Three Highs, " represent increasingly prevalent metabolic risk factors in China. Many individuals experience all three conditions concurrently, significantly heightening the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Although the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has been established for over eight years and has its unique features, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of these diseases in China remain low, and the efficiency of community management is insufficient. According to the previous two editions of management guidelines and the most recent domestic and international diagnostic and treatment guidelines, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the operational experience and management strategies of the MMC. Its aim is to improve the efficiency of grassroots MMC mode management for " Three Highs" patients and ensure that patients receive more standardized management.

Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively referred to the " Three Highs, " represent increasingly prevalent metabolic risk factors in China. Many individuals experience all three conditions concurrently, significantly heightening the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Although the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has been established for over eight years and has its unique features, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of these diseases in China remain low, and the efficiency of community management is insufficient. According to the previous two editions of management guidelines and the most recent domestic and international diagnostic and treatment guidelines, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the operational experience and management strategies of the MMC. Its aim is to improve the efficiency of grassroots MMC mode management for " Three Highs" patients and ensure that patients receive more standardized management.