Objective:To study the CT and MRI features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC).Methods:Clinical data of 41 patients with XGC admitted to Yueqing Third People's Hospital, Yueqing People's Hospital and Wenzhou Central Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 21 males and 20 females, aged 63 (61, 65) years. Data including gender, age, clinical manifestations, CT and MRI features, were recorded.Results:Of the 41 patients, 26 had clinical manifestations of upper abdominal pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and fever, and 15 had upper abdominal pain accompanied by jaundice. Forty-one patients had positive percussion pain in liver area, of which 18 had positive Murphy’s sign and 12 had jaundice of the skin and sclera. Among the 25 patients who underwent CT examination, the gallbladder had a longitudinal diameter of 8 (5, 10) cm and a transverse diameter of 4 (3, 6) cm. The thickness of the thickened gallbladder wall was 1.6 (0.4, 1.9) cm. Most cases show diffuse uneven thickening, and a few cases show uniform diffuse or localized thickening. After enhancement, the thickened gallbladder wall can be seen as " sandwich" - or " sandwich cookie" -like enhancement or layered enhancement. Mucosal line is continuous or discontinuous. Eleven cases with low-density nodules between walls showed no enhancement. Among the 16 patients who underwent routine MRI examinations, the gallbladder had a longitudinal diameter of 8 (5, 10) cm and a transverse diameter of 4 (3, 6) cm. The thickness of the thickened gallbladder wall was 1.6 (0.4, 1.9) cm. Most cases show diffuse uneven thickening, and a few cases show uniform diffuse or localized thickening. There were nine cases of multiple small nodules between walls. The thickened gallbladder wall showed heterogeneous signal on T 1-weighted imaging (T 1WI) and T 2-weighted imaging (T 2WI), presenting equal, high, low, or mixed signals. T 1WI showed low signal intensity in reverse phase. Diffusion weighted imaging fat suppression sequence shows multiple small nodules within the wall with high signal intensity. Nine cases of intramural nodules showed high signal intensity on T 1WI in-phase, T 2WI, and T 2WI fat phase, low signal intensity on T 1WI in-phase, and low signal intensity on T 2WI fat suppression sequence. The wall of gallbladder showed " sandwich" - or " sandwich cookie" -like enhancement or layered enhancement. Mucosal line is continuous or discontinuous. Nine cases of intramural nodules showed no enhancement. Conclusions:The CT and MRI features of XGC are diffuse and uneven thickening with nodules between the gallbladder walls in most cases. Nodules with low density on CT plain scan, high signal on T 1WI in-phase, high signal on T 2WI, and low signal on T 1WI out-phase. The thickening of the gallbladder wall after enhancement is characterized by a " sandwich" - or " sandwich cookie" -like enhancement.

Objective Fasting hypometabolism regulation technology has broad application potential in long-term space flight and survival in extreme extraterrestrial environments.In-depth research on the substrate conversion of energy metabolism and the formation of new steady states under fasting hypometabolism will provide theoretical basis and experimental data support for formulating effective prolonged fasting application mode.Methods 30 SD rats were randomly divided into control group and fasting group(fasting for 1,2,3,and 5 days).Blood biochemical examination,qRT-PCR,and western blotting were performed to analyze the body weight,blood biochemistry,and expression changes of genes and proteins related to glucose and lipid metabolism during different fasting periods.Results Prolonged fasting significantly reduced the body weight,blood glucose,and triglyceride levels of rats;increased the blood ketone level,and replaced glucose as the main energy substance in the body.There are temporal and tissue-specific changes as a whole.Hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis play major roles respectively during different fasting periods.As the fasting time prolongs,the level of hepatic gluconeogenesis gradually decreases,the content of FFA in the blood increases,the expression level of genes related to fat synthesis decreases,fatty acid oxidation is enhanced,and the expression level of the key gene HMGCS2 for ketone body generation increases.Conclusion During prolonged fasting,there is a significant conversion of glucose-ketone energy supply substrates,and a new steady state of energy metabolism mainly supplied by ketone bodies is formed within 2-5 days of fasting.The body maintains a low metabolic state by regulating changes in key genes in pathways such as glucose and lipid metabolism.

Objective To investigate the impact of 15 days of complete fasting on individuals'risk decision-making abilities and the role of physical exercise in this process.Methods Twenty-four healthy participants completed a 28-day experiment divided into baseline,complete fasting,calorie restriction,and full recovery phases.Participants were randomly assigned to a light exercise group(EL),moderate exercise group(EM),or control group(CN).Risk decision-making capacity was assessed using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task(BART),with data analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests.Results Fifteen days of complete fasting did not significantly affect the participants'risk decision-making abilities.Additionally,after fasting,the moderate exercise group was more likely to make risky decisions compared to the light exercise group.Conclusion Long-term fasting has no significant impact on risk decision-making ability,but engaging in physical exercise makes people more likely to make high-risk decisions.

Objective:To study the CT and MRI features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC).Methods:Clinical data of 41 patients with XGC admitted to Yueqing Third People's Hospital, Yueqing People's Hospital and Wenzhou Central Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 21 males and 20 females, aged 63 (61, 65) years. Data including gender, age, clinical manifestations, CT and MRI features, were recorded.Results:Of the 41 patients, 26 had clinical manifestations of upper abdominal pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and fever, and 15 had upper abdominal pain accompanied by jaundice. Forty-one patients had positive percussion pain in liver area, of which 18 had positive Murphy’s sign and 12 had jaundice of the skin and sclera. Among the 25 patients who underwent CT examination, the gallbladder had a longitudinal diameter of 8 (5, 10) cm and a transverse diameter of 4 (3, 6) cm. The thickness of the thickened gallbladder wall was 1.6 (0.4, 1.9) cm. Most cases show diffuse uneven thickening, and a few cases show uniform diffuse or localized thickening. After enhancement, the thickened gallbladder wall can be seen as " sandwich" - or " sandwich cookie" -like enhancement or layered enhancement. Mucosal line is continuous or discontinuous. Eleven cases with low-density nodules between walls showed no enhancement. Among the 16 patients who underwent routine MRI examinations, the gallbladder had a longitudinal diameter of 8 (5, 10) cm and a transverse diameter of 4 (3, 6) cm. The thickness of the thickened gallbladder wall was 1.6 (0.4, 1.9) cm. Most cases show diffuse uneven thickening, and a few cases show uniform diffuse or localized thickening. There were nine cases of multiple small nodules between walls. The thickened gallbladder wall showed heterogeneous signal on T 1-weighted imaging (T 1WI) and T 2-weighted imaging (T 2WI), presenting equal, high, low, or mixed signals. T 1WI showed low signal intensity in reverse phase. Diffusion weighted imaging fat suppression sequence shows multiple small nodules within the wall with high signal intensity. Nine cases of intramural nodules showed high signal intensity on T 1WI in-phase, T 2WI, and T 2WI fat phase, low signal intensity on T 1WI in-phase, and low signal intensity on T 2WI fat suppression sequence. The wall of gallbladder showed " sandwich" - or " sandwich cookie" -like enhancement or layered enhancement. Mucosal line is continuous or discontinuous. Nine cases of intramural nodules showed no enhancement. Conclusions:The CT and MRI features of XGC are diffuse and uneven thickening with nodules between the gallbladder walls in most cases. Nodules with low density on CT plain scan, high signal on T 1WI in-phase, high signal on T 2WI, and low signal on T 1WI out-phase. The thickening of the gallbladder wall after enhancement is characterized by a " sandwich" - or " sandwich cookie" -like enhancement.

Background::Homoharringtonine (HHT) is an effective anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor protein synthesis inhibitor that has been applied clinically. Here, we explored the therapeutic effects of HHT in a mouse heart transplant model.Methods::Healthy C57BL/6 mice were used to observe the toxicity of HHT in the liver, kidney, and hematology. A mouse heart transplantation model was constructed, and the potential mechanism of HHT prolonging allograft survival was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis, immunostaining, and bulk RNA sequencing analysis. The HHT-T cell crosstalk was modeled ex vivo to further verify the molecular mechanism of HHT-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation. Results::HHT inhibited the activation and proliferation of T cells and promoted their apoptosis ex vivo. Treatment of 0.5 mg/kg HHT for 10 days significantly prolonged the mean graft survival time of the allografts from 7 days to 48 days ( P <0.001) without non-immune toxicity. The allografts had long-term survival after continuous HHT treatment for 28 days. HHT significantly reduced lymphocyte infiltration in the graft, and interferon-γ-secreting CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the spleen ( P <0.01). HHT significantly increased the number of peripheral Tregs (about 20%, P <0.001) and serum interleukin (IL)-10 levels. HHT downregulated the expression of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway-related genes ( CD4, H2-Eb1, TRAT1, and CD74) and upregulated the expression of IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF) -β pathway-related genes and Treg signature genes ( CTLA4, Foxp3, CD74, and ICOS). HHT increased CD4 + Foxp3 + cells and Foxp3 expression ex vivo, and it enhanced the inhibitory function of inducible Tregs. Conclusions::HHT promotes Treg cell differentiation and enhances Treg suppressive function by attenuating the TCR signaling pathway and upregulating the expression of Treg signature genes and IL-10 levels, thereby promoting mouse heart allograft acceptance. These findings may have therapeutic implications for organ transplant recipients, particularly those with viral infections and malignancies, which require a more suitable anti-rejection medication.

With the deepening reform of ideological and political education, Medical Parasitology teaching needs to update the teaching concept, change the teaching ideas, as well as keep trying to combine ideological and political education with the curriculum content closely. In addition to teaching students’ basic knowledge and practical skills, teachers are needed to cultivate their moral literacy and political awareness through course teaching, so as to provide the basis for students’ subsequent adaptations to social environments and jobs. Currently, the study of ideological and political education in Medical Parasitology teaching is still in the exploratory stage. Therefore, colleges and universities need to carry out effective construction of ideological and political education in Medical Parasitology teaching, in order to achieve good teaching outcomes and provide insights into ideological and political education in teaching.

Objective To compare the application of four domestic and foreign qualitative occupational health risk assessment methods for cement dust hazard assessment and explore their applicability, and to find out a method suitable for qualitative occupational health risk assessment of cement dust. Methods The Risk Assessment Method for Occupational Accidents and Diseases of Romania (Romania method)，the Australian Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment Method (Australia method)，MES method, and the qualitative method of International Council on Mining & Metals (ICMM) were used to assess the occupational health risk of cement dust exposure posts in seven enterprises of Chongqing. The assessment results were analyzed and compared with Spearman correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and weighted Kappa consistency test after standardizing by risk ratio (RR). Results The RRs of the four methods were all positively correlated with cement dust exposure concentration (the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.6). The Romania method, the Australia method and the qualitative method of ICMM could identify a risk difference between the key posts and non-key posts. The qualitative method of ICMM was difficult to identify high-risk posts that require priority intervention. The Romania method and Australia method had strong consistency (Kappa=0.608, P＜0.01), but only the Australia method could identify high-risk posts of cement dust. Conclusion In general, the Australia method is relatively better at identifying the risk differences of cement dust hazard in different posts and is more suitable for occupational health risk assessment of cement dust with more accurate assessment results.

Blueberries are rich in phenolic compounds including anthocyanins which are closely related to biological health functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of blueberry anthocyanins extracted from 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberries in mice. After one week of adaptation, C57BL/6J healthy male mice were divided into different groups that were administered with 100, 400, or 800 mg/kg blueberry anthocyanin extract (BAE), and sacrificed at different time points (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 h). The plasma, eyeball, intestine, liver, and adipose tissues were collected to compare their antioxidant activity, including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX/GPX) content, and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The results showed that blueberry anthocyanins had positive concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in vivo. The greater the concentration of BAE, the higher the T-AOC value, but the lower the MDA level. The enzyme activity of SOD, the content of GSH-PX, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and GPX all confirmed that BAE played an antioxidant role after digestion in mice by improving their antioxidant defense. The in vivo antioxidant activity of BAE indicated that blueberry anthocyanins could be developed into functional foods or nutraceuticals with the aim of preventing or treating oxidative stress-related diseases.
Male ; Mice ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Blueberry Plants ; Anthocyanins/pharmacology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Superoxide Dismutase-1

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs that are involved in the occurrence and progression of diverse diseases. However, their exact presence and function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, differentially expressed tsRNAs in HCC were profiled. A novel tsRNA, tRNA^Gln-TTG derived 5'-tiRNA-Gln, is significantly downregulated, and its expression level is correlated with progression in patients. In HCC cells, 5'-tiRNA-Gln overexpression impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo, while 5'-tiRNA-Gln knockdown yielded opposite results. 5'-tiRNA-Gln exerted its function by binding eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I (EIF4A1), which unwinds complex RNA secondary structures during translation initiation, causing the partial inhibition of translation. The suppressed downregulated proteins include ARAF, MEK1/2 and STAT3, causing the impaired signaling pathway related to HCC progression. Furthermore, based on the construction of a mutant 5'-tiRNA-Gln, the sequence of forming intramolecular G-quadruplex structure is crucial for 5'-tiRNA-Gln to strongly bind EIF4A1 and repress translation. Clinically, 5'-tiRNA-Gln expression level is negatively correlated with ARAF, MEK1/2, and STAT3 in HCC tissues. Collectively, these findings reveal that 5'-tiRJNA-Gln interacts with EIF4A1 to reduce related mRNA binding through the intramolecular G-quadruplex structure, and this process partially inhibits translation and HCC progression.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology* ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4A/genetics* ; Cell Line ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism* ; RNA ; Cell Proliferation

Body donation is the main source of human specimens preparation in medical universities and colleges. The low donation rate in China restricts the improvement of basic medical research and clinical treatment seriously. In the investigation, deep-rooted traditional concepts, unsound legal system, and inadequate government propaganda have become the major factors influencing body donation. Combined with the practice of body donation in the localities, this study puts forward some measures to promote the body donation, such as giving targeted publicity, promoting the concept of civilized funeral and burial, strengthening legislation, and simplifying the body donation process, which would lay the foundation for the development of medical education and research.