Objective To investigate the factors affecting the distribution of Pomacea and project the trends in the spread of suitable distribution areas of Pomacea in 2050 and 2070 in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, so as to provide insights into Pomacea control in the prefecture. Methods The longitudes and latitudes of Pomacea sampling sites were captured based on Pomacea field survey data in 12 cities (counties) of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture from 2023 to 2024. A total of 19 climatic factors (annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, isothermality, temperature seasonality, maximum temperature of the warmest month, minimum temperature of the coldest month, temperature annual range, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, mean temperature of the driest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest month, mean temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of the driest month, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of the wettest quarter, precipitation of the driest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, and mean temperature of the coldest quarter) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) were retrieved from the world climate database (www.worldclim.org). All climatic variables were employed to create a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The predictive accuracy of the model was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and the contributions of these 19 climatic factors to the distribution of Pomacea were analyzed in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture using Jackknife test. In addition, the suitable distribution areas of Pomacea were predicted with the MaxEnt model in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in 2024 and in 2050 and 2070 under RCP4.5. Results Data pertaining to 91 Pomacea sampling sites were captured. ROC analysis revealed the MaxEnt model had an AUC value of 0.885 ± 0.088 for predicting the suitable distribution areas of Pomacea in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. Of the 19 climatic factors, the maximum temperature of the warmest month had the highest contribution to the distribution of Pomacea in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, followed by mean temperature of the driest quarter, mean temperature of the wettest quarter and minimum temperature of the coldest month. The suitable distribution area of Pomacea was predicted to be 14 555.69 km² in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in 2024, and would expand gradually to the southeastern part of the prefecture in the future due to climatic factors. The suitable distribution areas of Pomacea were projected to expand to 21 475.61 km² in 2050 and 25 782.52 km² in 2070 in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, respectively. Conclusions Temperature is an important contributor to the distribution of Pomacea in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, and the suitable distribution area of Pomacea will gradually expand to the southeastern part of the prefecture in 2050 and 2070.

Objective To investigate the genetic diversity of sandfly populations in endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis in China, so as to provide references insights into management of visceral leishmaniasis and the vector sandflies. MethodsSixteen sampling sites were selected from main endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in China from June to September 2024, including Shanxi Province, Shaanxi Province, Henan Province, Gansu Province, Sichuan Province, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Sandflies were captured using light traps and manual aspirators from sheep pens, chicken coops, cave dwellings, bovinesheds, and pig pens at each sampling site. A single sandfly sample was washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and genomic DNA was extracted from sandfly samples. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was amplified using PCR assay with universal primers, and analyzed and retrieved with the nucleotide sequence analysis tool (BLAST) software, and the sequence of COI gene was aligned with the ClustalX 1.83 and MEGA 7.0 software. The base composition and variation site of the COI gene sequence were analyzed using the software MEGA 7.0, and the number of haplotypes, total number of segregating sites, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and average nucleotide differences were calculated in the COI gene sequence using the software DnaSP 5.10, followed by Tajima’s D test for neutrality. Haplotypes were screened using the software DnaSP 5.10, and the haplotype network map of sandfly samples was plotted using the software Network 5.0. MEGA 7.0 software was employed for gene sequence editing and alignment, and calculation of genetic distances among sandfly species sampled from different regions, and a phylogenetic tree was built with a neighbor-joining method. Results A total of 466 sandflies were captured from 16 sampling sites in China from June to September 2024, and 430 gene sequences were yielded following PCR amplification and sequencing of the COI gene, with 652 to 688 bp in the length of amplification fragments. The captured sandfly samples were characterized as Phlebotomus chinensis, Sergentomyia squamirostris, Se. koloshanensis, Ph. sichuanensis, and Ph. longiductus following the COI gene sequence alignment in BLAST. A total of 251 haplotypes were identified in the 430 gene sequences from sandfly samples (50.5%), and the average haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and average number of nucleotide difference were 0.885, 0.257 and 160.761, respectively. The Tajima’s D values were -0.92 for sandfly populations from Yangquan City, Shanxi Province and -1.73 for sandfly populations from Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, and were all more than 0 for sandfly populations from other sampling sites. Haplotype analysis identified 50 haplotypes, which were classified into two haplogroups. Heplogroup 1 included 29 haplotypes, which had a high homology, and heplogroup 2 included 21 haplotypes. The average genetic distance was 0.000 to 0.604 among sandfly samples from different sampling sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the five sandfly species were clustered into distinct clades, all with 100% clade confidence. Conclusions There is a high genetic polymorphism in the COI gene from five sandfly populations in main endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in China, and COI gene may serve as a marker gene for analysis of the genetic structure of sandfly populations.

Objective To observe the value of SimGrid(SG)and S-Enhance(SE)for improving image quality of low-dose X-ray films in children.Methods Data of 344 children in intensive care unit who underwent 410 times bedside X-ray examinations,including 290 times of chest X-ray,51 of abdominal X-ray and 69 of chest and abdominal combined X-ray were enrolled.SG and SE were respectively used for post-processing,and the quality of post-processed images were analyzed.Results Among 410 SG post-processing images,250 images were classified as 2-point,147 as 1-point and 13 as 0-point.SG could significantly improve image quality of children≥1 year and body mass≥10 kg(all P＜0.05),with better ability for displaying bones,trachea,peripheral blood vessels,foreign objects,psoas major muscle and intestinal gas(all P＜0.05).Among 410 SE post-processing images,250 images were classified as 2-point,58 as 1-point and 102 of 0-point.SE could significantly improve image quality of children≥0.5 years and with body mass＞4 kg(all P＜0.05),with better ability for displaying bones,trachea,large blood vessels,peripheral vessels,heart posterior blood vessels and foreign objects(all P＜0.05).Conclusion SG could significantly improve displaying of bones,trachea,peripheral blood vessels,foreign objects,psoas major muscle and intestinal gas in children≥1 year and body mass≥10 kg,while SE could improve displaying of bones,trachea,large blood vessels,peripheral blood vessels,heart posterior blood vessels and foreign objects in children aged≥0.5 years and body mass＞4 kg on low-dose X-ray films.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the iterative cone beam CT (iCBCT) imaging mode of Varian linear accelerators and to explore its specific advantages in clinical application.Methods:The kV cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging systems of Halcyon 2.0, Edge, and VitalBeam linear accelerators from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital were selected, among which Halcyon 2.0 and Edge were equipped with the iCBCT imaging mode. The Penta-Guide phantom was used to evaluate the registration accuracy of iCBCT imaging modes. The accuracy of treatment couch position was measured by a ruler. The image quality of the iCBCT and conventional CBCT modes of various imaging devices were analyzed using the CatPhan604 phantom. The imaging beam-on time and reconstruction time were measured to assess image acquisition efficiency. The uniformity, spatial resolution, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image acquisition time and reconstruction time between two imaging modes were statistically analyzed by t-test. Results:The maximum deviations of image registration measurement results of the iCBCT mode for Halcyon 2.0 and Edge accelerators compared to the standard values were 0.7 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. The treatment couch position error of all devices was less than 1 mm. The iCBCT images under head scanning protocol primarily improved the uniformity and CNR. Compared to conventional CBCT images, Halcyon iCBCT increased the uniformity and CNR by 2.50% ( P<0.001) and 78.85% ( P<0.001), respectively, while Edge increased them by 2.18% ( P<0.001) and 86.42% ( P<0.001), both superior to VitalBeam CBCT images. Under pelvis scanning protocols, iCBCT images primarily improved the CNR compared to conventional CBCT images. Halcyon and Edge iCBCT increased the CNR by 113.57% ( P<0.001) and 133.87% ( P<0.001), respectively, both superior to VitalBeam CBCT images. In terms of image acquisition efficiency, the average reconstruction times for Halcyon and Edge iCBCT images increased by 7.28 s and 15.53 s, respectively, and the total image acquisition time of Halcyon accelerator was the shortest. Conclusions:While ensuring the registration accuracy, iCBCT imaging mode can significantly improve the CNR of images and improve the uniformity of images under head scanning protocol. The Halcyon imaging system can enhance image acquisition efficiency.

Objective To evaluate the safety of the low glucoside composites of Epimedii Folium and clarify the pharmacokinetic characteristics of its five low glucosides.Methods Four groups of KM mice were orally administrated of corn oil,1 968,2 625 and 3 500 mg·kg-1 low glucoside composites of Epimedii Folium,respectively.Then,the living conditions,toxic symptoms,and death of the mice were observed for 7 consecutive days.After the mice were dissected,the viscera/body ratio and the viscera/brain ratio were calculated.Besides,the contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate transaminase(AST)in plasma were determined by ELISA,and the pathological changes of the liver were observed by HE staining.C57BL/6J mice were intravenously or orally administered of baohuoside I,baohuoside II,sagittatoside A,sagittatoside B and sagittatoside C.Then,blood samples were collected at different time points.The plasma concentrations of the five low glucosides were measured by UHPLC-MS/MS.Results When compared with the control group,no significant differences were found in the body mass,viscera/body ratio,viscera/brain ratio,contents of ALT and AST in plasma after oral administration of different doses of low glucoside composites to mice.Moreover,no pathological changes or damages were found in the liver sections.After intravenous injection,the AUC0-t values of baohuoside Ⅰ,baohuoside Ⅱ,sagittatoside A,sagittatoside B and sagittatoside C in mice were 4.82,82.54,276.64,88.77 and 178.02 min·μg·mL-1,respectively.Meanwhile,the t1/2 values were 60.42,115.27,67.63,131.61 and 129.87 min,respectively.After oral administration,the AUC0-t values of the five low glucosides were 31.64,18.59,3.48,2.41 and 2.42 min·μg·mL-1,respectively.The Cmax values were 147.23,86.76,15.58,24.34 and 26.12 ng·mL-1,respectively.The tmax values were 21.00,78.00,78.00,30.00 and 28.00 min,respectively.The bioavailability of baohuosideⅠ,baohuosideⅡ,sagittatoside A sagittatoside B and sagittatoside C were 1.91%,0.51%,0.05%,0.06%and 0.04%,respectively.Conclusion The low glucoside composites of Epimedii Folium has high safety,and no hepatotoxicity were observed at dose of 3 500 mg·kg-1.The 5 low glucosides are quickly absorbed and rapidly eliminated in mice,and all of them have low bioavailability.

Background The senescence of alveolar type II epithelial cells is an important driving factor for the progression of silicotic fibrosis, and the regulatory effects of oxamate on the senescence of alveolar type II epithelial cells is still unclear. Objective To explore whether lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor oxamate can alleviate silicotic fibrosis in mice by inhibiting senescence of alveolar type II epithelial cellsMethods This study was divided into two parts: in vivo experiments and in vitro experiments. In the first part, forty SPF C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into four groups with 10 in each group: control group, silicosis model group, low-dose oxamate treatment group, and high-dose oxamate treatment group. The silicotic mouse model was established by intratracheal instillation of 50 μL SiO₂ suspension (100 mg·mL⁻¹). The treatment models were prepared by intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL oxamate (225 mmol·L⁻¹ and 1125 mmol·L⁻¹). In the second part, induction of MLE-12 mouse alveolar type II epithelial cells was conducted with SiO₂. The in vitro experimental groups were ① SiO₂ induction groups: control group, 50 μg·mL⁻¹ SiO₂ group, 100 μg·mL⁻¹ SiO₂ group, and 200 μg·mL⁻¹ SiO₂ group, and ② oxamate treatment groups: control group, SiO₂ group (100 μg·mL⁻¹), low-dose oxamate (25 mmol·L⁻¹) treatment group, and high-dose oxamate (50 mmol·L⁻¹) treatment group. Pathological morphology of lung tissues was evaluated after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining; deposition of collagen in lung tissues was evaluated after sirius red staining; positive co-expression of prosurfactant protein C (Pro-SPC) and β-galactosidase was detected by immunofluorescence staining; positive expression of β-galactosidase in MLE-12 cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expression levels of collagen type I (CoL I), fibronectin1 (FN1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), p-ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21, and p16 were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of HK2, PKM2, LDHA, p-ATR, p21, and p16 were significantly upregulated in the silicosis model group and the SiO₂-induced MLE-12 cells (P＜0.05). The in vivo studies showed that, compared with the control group, the silicon nodule area, the collagen deposition area, the proportion of β-galactosidase positive cells, and the protein expression levels of CoL I, FN1, LDHA, p-ATR, p21, and p16 were significantly upregulated in the silicosis model group (P＜0.05). Compared with the silicosis model group, the oxamate treatment groups showed significant downregulation of the silicon nodule area, the collagen deposition area, the proportion of β-galactosidase positive cells, and the the CoL I, FN1, LDHA, p-ATR, p21, and p16 protein expression levels, and the high-dose oxamate treatment group showed a higher efficacy on these indicators than the low-dose oxamate treatment group (P＜0.05). The in vitro studies showed that, compared with the control group, the proportion of β-galactosidase positive cells and the protein expression levels of p-ATR, p21, and p16 were significantly upregulated in the SiO₂-induced group (P＜0.05). Compared with the SiO₂ group, the proportion of β-galactosidase positive cells and the LDHA, p-ATR, p21 and p16 protein expression levels were significantly downregulated in the oxamate treatment groups, and the high-dose oxamate treatment group showed a higher efficacy on these indicators than the low-dose oxamate treatment group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor oxamate can alleviate silicotic fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the senescence of alveolar type II epithelial cells.

Objective To explore the value of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)enhanced MRI T1 mapping,R2*quantitative parameters,and their combined indicators in assessing liver function in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods The data from 52 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI and modified Dixon quantification(mDixon-Quant)scans were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were divided into three groups based on Child-Pugh scores:Child-Pugh A,B,and C.T1 mapping images were obtained pre,mid,and HBP.Quantitative values of T1 relaxation time reduction rates(△T1 mid and △T1 HBP),liver-related T1 relaxation times(T1 pre,T1 mid,and T1 HBP),fat fraction(FF),and R2* were measured and calculated.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in MRI quantitative parameters between different Child-Pugh grading groups.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between MRI quantitative parameters and Child-Pugh grading.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the performance of distinguishing liver function classification by statistically significant MRI parameters.Results Between different Child-Pugh grading groups,the differences in T1 mid,T1 HBP,△T1 mid,△T1 HBP,and R2*were statistically significant(P＜0.05),however T1 pre and FF were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).T1 mid,T1 HBP and R2*were positively correlated with Child-Pugh grading(rs=0.365,0.566,0.597,respectively;P＜0.05),meanwhile △T1 mid and△T1 HBP were negatively correlated with Child-Pugh grading(rs=-0.680,-0.771,respectively;P＜0.05).There were no significant correlations between T1 pre,FF and Child-Pugh grading(P＞0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of T1 HBP,△T1 mid,△T1 HBP,R2*and their combined indicators for distinguishing Child-Pugh A grade from Child-Pugh B grade were about 0.888,0.784,0.955,0.764,and 0.961,respectively(P＜0.05).The AUC of △T1 mid,△T1 HBP,R2* and their combined indicators for distinguishing Child-Pugh B grade from Child-Pugh C grade were about 0.853,0.860,0.797,and 0.941,respectively(P＜0.05).Conclusion Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI T1 mapping and R2*quantitative parameters can be used to independently evaluate the status of liver function in hepatitis B cirrhosis,and the combined evaluation of the two kinds of parameters has a higher diagnostic efficiency.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with colchicine poisoning, and analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of colchicine poisoning and its value in the prognostic assessment.Methods:Patients with colchicine poisoning admitted to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from December 2017 to October 2022 were retrospectively included and divided into the survival group and death group according to the 14-d outcome. The general conditions of the two groups of patients were compared, and the clinical characteristics of patients with colchicine poisoning were analyzed. The differences of laboratory indexes, electrocardiogram, cardiac ultrasound and other clinical indexes during the first admission of patients between the two groups were compared, and their value in the prognosis evaluation of patients with colchicine poisoning was explored.Results:There were 41 patients with colchicine poisoning, aged 15-85 years, including 35 males and 6 females. There were 27 patients (65.9%) in the survival group and 14 patients (34.1%) in the death group, including accumulative poisoning (58.7%) and suicide poisoning (41.3%). The main clinical manifestations of patients with colchicine poisoning were gastrointestinal symptoms (82.93%), multiple organ dysfunction (78.05%), infectious fever (73.17%), myocardial damage (48.78%), coagulation dysfunction (46.34%), and bone marrow suppression (41.46%). Intestinal obstruction (19.51%) and rhabdomyolysis (2.44%) occurred in some patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in absolute value of QTc interval ( OR=1.028, 95% CI: 1.000~1.056, P<0.05), lactic acid ( OR=1.599, 95% CI: 1.088~2.350, P<0.05), prothrombin time ( OR=1.205, 95% CI: 1.002~1.450, P<0.05), D-dimer ( OR=1.242, 95% CI: 1.089~1.417, P<0.05), and alkaline phosphatase ( OR=1.013, 95% CI: 1.002~1.024, P<0.05) were the risk factors for the prognosis of patients with colchicine poisoning. The decrease in the absolute value of ADL score ( OR=0.947, 95% CI: 0.909~0.988, P<0.05) and indirect bilirubin ( OR=0.756, 95% CI: 0.572~0.999, P<0.05) were the protective factors for the prognosis of patients with colchicine poisoning. D-dimer (AUC=0.913), lactic acid (AUC= 0.875) and alkaline phosphatase (AUC=0.770) had predictive value for the prognosis of patients with colchicine poisoning, and their cut-off values were 8.965 mg/L, 4.05 mmol/L and 230.5 U/L, respectively. Conclusions:The patients with colchicine poisoning have multiple organ dysfunction on admission, and are in a critical condition. The early levels of D-dimer, lactic acid and alkaline phosphatase could effectively predict the prognosis of patients with colchicine poisoning.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index (SII) for the risk of hospital death in critically ill patients.Methods:The basic information and clinical data of critically ill patients were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database-Ⅳ (MIMIC-IV) database, including demographic data, vital signs, blood routine, Logistic organ dysfunction score (Lods), Oxford acute severity of illness score (Oasis), simplified acute physiology score (Saps-Ⅱ), acute physiology score Ⅲ (APS-Ⅲ), sequential organ failure score (SOFA) and outcome. The main outcome was hospital death, and the secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), invasive ventilation and 1-year mortality. Patients were divided into two groups according to in-hospital death, and the differences between the groups were compared. According to the SII tripartite for inter-group comparison, the patients were further divided into three groups for comparison, and Logistic regression model was used to analyze the odd ratio ( OR) of the three groups. Results:A total of 32 450 critically ill patients were included in the study, of which 3765 died in hospital, with a mortality rate of 11.6%. ① Compared with the survival group, the SII in the death group were significantly higher ( P < 0.05). ② The mortality for the SII tripartite grouping (<817; 817~2 151; >2 151) were 8.4%, 10.2% and 16.3%, respectively, and the differences between groups were statistically significant. ③ Further, Logistic regression model analysis showed that the risk of death increased gradually with the increase of groups (the first group was the reference group, OR of the second group was 1.38, 95% CI 1.24-1.54, and OR of the third group was 2.03, 95% CI 1.83-2.24 ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:SII has a certain value in predicting hospital death in critically ill patients. It is easy to obtain and can be used for risk stratification of critically ill patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of family clustering pediatric and adult cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection in Shanghai City.Methods:A field investigation among the pediatric cases with Omicron variant infection and their household contacts from April 4 to April 30, 2022 in Children′s Hospital of Fudan University was conducted. The informations on case finding, clinical manifestations and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status were collected. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared between pediatric cases and adult cases. The independent sample t test or chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, and the relative risk ( RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to evaluate the protective effect of vaccination on the infection of Omicron variant. Results:There were 1 274 family members in 297 families including 370 children and 904 adults of whom 1 110(87.13%) were infected with Omicron variant, with 989(89.10%) symptomatic and 121(10.90%) asymptomatic. There were 355 children infected with Omicron variant, of whom 337(94.93%) were symptomatic, and the main manifestations were fever (96.74%(326/337)) and cough (40.36%(136/337)). Only one pediatric case with Rett syndrome developed critically severe pneumonia. A total of 194 pediatric cases had imaging examination, 64(32.99%) showed pulmonary inflammatory lesions. There were 755 adult cases infected with Omicron variant, of whom 652(86.26%) reported symptoms, and the main manifestations were fever (73.16%(477/652)) and cough (49.85%(325/652)). Among symptomatic cases, fever was more common in pediatric cases than in adult cases, while cough was more common in adult cases than in pediatric cases, and the differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=80.87 and 8.04, respectively, both P<0.01). The fever spike was higher in pediatric cases than in adult cases ((39.3±0.7) ℃ vs (38.6±0.6) ℃), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=9.85, P<0.001). The interval from the onset of symptoms to cycle threshold (Ct) value of the nucleic acid of Omicron variant≥35 was longer in pediatric cases than in adult cases ((13.0±3.1) d vs (10.9±3.6) d), and the difference had statistically significance ( t=2.97, P=0.004). Among 160 children aged 3 to 18 years, 54 (33.75%) received two-dose vaccination. Among the 904 adults, 388 (42.92%) received two-dose vaccination and 293 (32.41%) received a booster dose. In the adult cases, the risk of symptomatic infection was reduced by only 8% ( RR=0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.98, P=0.014) following two-dose vaccination, and the risks of fever and cough following booster vaccination were reduced by 42%( RR=0.58, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.67, P=0.001) and 50% ( RR=0.50, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.78, P=0.001), respectively. Conclusions:Secondary attack rate and symptomatic rate of household infection are high in the context of the Omicron variant outbreak in Shanghai. Symptomatic infection is common in children and adults in household setting. Fever is the most common symptom and fever duration is short. Booster vaccination may provide certain protection against common symptoms caused by Omicron variant infection.