Objective:To clarify the natural course of renal angiomyolipoma and the risk factors for its progression.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study that included 401 patients diagnosed several times by ultrasound examination in the hospital physical examination system from January 2012 to June 2024. All patients were untreated. There were 128 male cases (31.90%) and 273 female cases (68.10%). The average age at initial diagnosis was (44.04 ± 10.24) years (range 22-78 years). The median longest diameter of the tumor at initial diagnosis was 9.0 (7.0, 11.5) mm. There were 359 cases (89.50%) with single tumors and 42 cases (10.50%) with multiple tumors. The patients were divided into the progression group(≥1 mm/year) and the non-progression group (<1 mm/year)based on the average growth rate of tumor. The differences in gender, age at initial diagnosis, initial tumor size, number of lesions and lesion site between the two groups were compared. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the above factors and the progression of renal angiomyolipoma. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors for progression.Results:A total of 401 cases were followed up for an average of (88.15 ± 21.09) months (range 48-140 months). The median maximum diameter of the tumors at the initial diagnosis was 9.0 (7.0, 11.5) mm, and at the end of the follow-up, it was 11 (8, 14) mm. The average growth rate was 0.38 mm/year, and the median growth rate was 0.25 (0, 0.60) mm/year. Among them, 341 cases (85.04%) were in the non-progression group with an average growth rate of 0.14 mm/year, and 60 cases (14.96%) were in the progression group with an average growth rate of 1.74 mm/year. The age of the progression group was lower than that of the non-progression group [(41.43 ± 9.64) years vs. (44.50±10.29) years], the initial maximum diameter of the tumors in the progression group was larger than that in the non-progression group [11.0 (8.0, 16.0) mm vs. 9.0 (7.0, 11.0) mm], and the proportion of multiple tumors in the progression group was higher than that in the non-progression group [14 cases (23.30%) vs. 28 cases (8.20%)], and the differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05). Age at initial diagnosis( OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99), initial tumor size ( OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12) and number of lesions ( OR=2.96, 95% CI 1.38-6.34) were the risk factors for the growth of renal angiomyolipoma ( P<0.05), according to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions:The natural history of most renal angiomyolipoma shows slow growth or relative quiescence, with a small number showing a significant increasing trend. Age at initial diagnosis, initial tumor size and number of lesions were independent risk factors for the growth of renal angiomyolipoma.

Objectives:This study aims to investigate the correlation between urinary crystals and the components of urinary calculi in patients with urinary calculi，as well as the accuracy of urine crystals in predicting stone components.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 280 patients with positive urine crystal and urinary calculi from January 2022 to December 2024. There were a total of 280 patients consisting of 185 males and 95 females，aged from 23 to 80 years，with an average age of（49.1 ± 12.3）years. Among them，there were 243 cases of renal stones or both renal and ureteral stones，25 cases of ureteral stones，and 12 cases of bladder stones. In all cases，10 ml of morning urine was collected preoperatively and sent for examination within one hour. After centrifuging at 400 g for 1 minute，the urine sediment was examined under a microscope. All positive crystals were categorized into calcium oxalate，uric acid，calcium phosphate，magnesium ammonium phosphate，and cystine based on the morphology of the crystals. Calculi were collected after endoscopic surgery，calculi composition was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy，and the main component（the first predominant component）was recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using a 5×5 contingency table to analyze the correlation and contingency coefficient，and the positive predictive values of the urinary crystals for predicting calculi components were calculated. Results:Among the 280 patients，calcium oxalate crystals were found in 241 cases，uric acid in 25 cases，calcium phosphate in 7 cases，magnesium ammonium phosphate in 5 cases，and cystine in 2 cases. The main components of 280 calculi were calcium oxalate in 232 cases，uric acid in 21 cases，calcium phosphate in 24 cases，magnesium ammonium phosphate in 1 case，and cystine in 2 cases. There was a statistically significant correlation between urinary crystals and stone components（ χ2 = 152.46， P < 0.01），and the contingency coefficient between crystals and calculi components was 0.809. The overall positive expected value of urine crystals was 87.5%（245/280），among which the positive expected value of calcium oxalate crystals was 91.7%（221/241），uric acid crystals was 72.0%（18/25），calcium phosphate was 42.9%（3/7），magnesium ammonium phosphate was 20.0%（1/5），and cystine was 100.0%（2/2）. Conclusions:The urinary crystals of patients with calculi are significantly related to the main components of the calculi. Using urinary crystals to predict the components of the calculi has a relatively high accuracy.

Objective:To clarify the natural course of renal angiomyolipoma and the risk factors for its progression.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study that included 401 patients diagnosed several times by ultrasound examination in the hospital physical examination system from January 2012 to June 2024. All patients were untreated. There were 128 male cases (31.90%) and 273 female cases (68.10%). The average age at initial diagnosis was (44.04 ± 10.24) years (range 22-78 years). The median longest diameter of the tumor at initial diagnosis was 9.0 (7.0, 11.5) mm. There were 359 cases (89.50%) with single tumors and 42 cases (10.50%) with multiple tumors. The patients were divided into the progression group(≥1 mm/year) and the non-progression group (<1 mm/year)based on the average growth rate of tumor. The differences in gender, age at initial diagnosis, initial tumor size, number of lesions and lesion site between the two groups were compared. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the above factors and the progression of renal angiomyolipoma. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors for progression.Results:A total of 401 cases were followed up for an average of (88.15 ± 21.09) months (range 48-140 months). The median maximum diameter of the tumors at the initial diagnosis was 9.0 (7.0, 11.5) mm, and at the end of the follow-up, it was 11 (8, 14) mm. The average growth rate was 0.38 mm/year, and the median growth rate was 0.25 (0, 0.60) mm/year. Among them, 341 cases (85.04%) were in the non-progression group with an average growth rate of 0.14 mm/year, and 60 cases (14.96%) were in the progression group with an average growth rate of 1.74 mm/year. The age of the progression group was lower than that of the non-progression group [(41.43 ± 9.64) years vs. (44.50±10.29) years], the initial maximum diameter of the tumors in the progression group was larger than that in the non-progression group [11.0 (8.0, 16.0) mm vs. 9.0 (7.0, 11.0) mm], and the proportion of multiple tumors in the progression group was higher than that in the non-progression group [14 cases (23.30%) vs. 28 cases (8.20%)], and the differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05). Age at initial diagnosis( OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99), initial tumor size ( OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12) and number of lesions ( OR=2.96, 95% CI 1.38-6.34) were the risk factors for the growth of renal angiomyolipoma ( P<0.05), according to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions:The natural history of most renal angiomyolipoma shows slow growth or relative quiescence, with a small number showing a significant increasing trend. Age at initial diagnosis, initial tumor size and number of lesions were independent risk factors for the growth of renal angiomyolipoma.

Objectives:This study aims to investigate the correlation between urinary crystals and the components of urinary calculi in patients with urinary calculi，as well as the accuracy of urine crystals in predicting stone components.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 280 patients with positive urine crystal and urinary calculi from January 2022 to December 2024. There were a total of 280 patients consisting of 185 males and 95 females，aged from 23 to 80 years，with an average age of（49.1 ± 12.3）years. Among them，there were 243 cases of renal stones or both renal and ureteral stones，25 cases of ureteral stones，and 12 cases of bladder stones. In all cases，10 ml of morning urine was collected preoperatively and sent for examination within one hour. After centrifuging at 400 g for 1 minute，the urine sediment was examined under a microscope. All positive crystals were categorized into calcium oxalate，uric acid，calcium phosphate，magnesium ammonium phosphate，and cystine based on the morphology of the crystals. Calculi were collected after endoscopic surgery，calculi composition was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy，and the main component（the first predominant component）was recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using a 5×5 contingency table to analyze the correlation and contingency coefficient，and the positive predictive values of the urinary crystals for predicting calculi components were calculated. Results:Among the 280 patients，calcium oxalate crystals were found in 241 cases，uric acid in 25 cases，calcium phosphate in 7 cases，magnesium ammonium phosphate in 5 cases，and cystine in 2 cases. The main components of 280 calculi were calcium oxalate in 232 cases，uric acid in 21 cases，calcium phosphate in 24 cases，magnesium ammonium phosphate in 1 case，and cystine in 2 cases. There was a statistically significant correlation between urinary crystals and stone components（ χ2 = 152.46， P < 0.01），and the contingency coefficient between crystals and calculi components was 0.809. The overall positive expected value of urine crystals was 87.5%（245/280），among which the positive expected value of calcium oxalate crystals was 91.7%（221/241），uric acid crystals was 72.0%（18/25），calcium phosphate was 42.9%（3/7），magnesium ammonium phosphate was 20.0%（1/5），and cystine was 100.0%（2/2）. Conclusions:The urinary crystals of patients with calculi are significantly related to the main components of the calculi. Using urinary crystals to predict the components of the calculi has a relatively high accuracy.