Objective To investigate the effect of sulforaphane(SFN)on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(caspase-3 and caspase-9),in brain tissue of rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning(ACOP),and to explore the molecular mechanism underlying its intervention in ACOP-induced brain injury.Methods The healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to three groups:normal control(NC)group,ACOP group,and SFN group,with 36 rats in each group.An ACOP animal model was established by exposing the rats to carbon monoxide(CO)in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber,while the rats in the NC group were allowed to breathe fresh air.The SFN group received an intraperitoneal injection of SFN 20 mg/kg within 2 hours after poisoning,once daily,until euthanasia.The NC and ACOP groups were injected with an equivalent volume of saline.Rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1,3,and 7 of the intervention to collect brain tissue,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed to assess pathological damage in the brain tissue;Nissl staining was used to examine neuronal pathological changes;Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the positive expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain.Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were conducted to measure the protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue.Results After CO poisoning,brain tissue damage in the ACOP group progressively worsened,with a gradual decrease in the number of Nissl bodies and a gradual increase in the number of positive cells for caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain.The protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue also gradually increased.Compared with the NC group at the same time point,the differences were statistically significant[Nissl bodies:69.33±0.94 vs.91.33±1.25;caspase-3 positive expression(A value):0.149±0.003 vs.0.113±0.004;caspase-9 positive expression(A value):0.178±0.002 vs.0.111±0.010;caspase-3 protein(caspase-3/GAPDH):1.634±0.045 vs.0.844±0.021;caspase-9 protein(caspase-9/GAPDH):1.754±0.024 vs.0.811±0.053;caspase-3 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.718±0.052 vs.1;caspase-9 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.722±0.066 vs.1,all P<0.05).Compared with the ACOP group at the same time point,the brain tissue damage in the SFN group improved,with a significant increase in the number of Nissl bodies(84.67±1.53 vs.69.33±0.94,P<0.05).The number of positive cells for caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain decreased significantly(A value:0.126±0.002 vs.0.149±0.003,0.127±0.002 vs.0.178±0.002,both P<0.05).The protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue were significantly reduced[caspase-3 protein(caspase-3/GAPDH):0.999±0.037 vs.1.634±0.045;caspase-9 protein(caspase-9/GAPDH):0.993±0.040 vs.1.754±0.024;caspase-3 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.120±0.059 vs.1.718±0.052;caspase-9 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):0.520±0.045 vs.1.722±0.066,all P<0.05].Conclusion SFN partially attenuated ACOP-induced brain injury in rats,potentially by downregulating both protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9,thereby reducing cellular apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of sulforaphane(SFN)on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(caspase-3 and caspase-9),in brain tissue of rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning(ACOP),and to explore the molecular mechanism underlying its intervention in ACOP-induced brain injury.Methods The healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to three groups:normal control(NC)group,ACOP group,and SFN group,with 36 rats in each group.An ACOP animal model was established by exposing the rats to carbon monoxide(CO)in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber,while the rats in the NC group were allowed to breathe fresh air.The SFN group received an intraperitoneal injection of SFN 20 mg/kg within 2 hours after poisoning,once daily,until euthanasia.The NC and ACOP groups were injected with an equivalent volume of saline.Rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1,3,and 7 of the intervention to collect brain tissue,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed to assess pathological damage in the brain tissue;Nissl staining was used to examine neuronal pathological changes;Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the positive expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain.Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were conducted to measure the protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue.Results After CO poisoning,brain tissue damage in the ACOP group progressively worsened,with a gradual decrease in the number of Nissl bodies and a gradual increase in the number of positive cells for caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain.The protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue also gradually increased.Compared with the NC group at the same time point,the differences were statistically significant[Nissl bodies:69.33±0.94 vs.91.33±1.25;caspase-3 positive expression(A value):0.149±0.003 vs.0.113±0.004;caspase-9 positive expression(A value):0.178±0.002 vs.0.111±0.010;caspase-3 protein(caspase-3/GAPDH):1.634±0.045 vs.0.844±0.021;caspase-9 protein(caspase-9/GAPDH):1.754±0.024 vs.0.811±0.053;caspase-3 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.718±0.052 vs.1;caspase-9 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.722±0.066 vs.1,all P<0.05).Compared with the ACOP group at the same time point,the brain tissue damage in the SFN group improved,with a significant increase in the number of Nissl bodies(84.67±1.53 vs.69.33±0.94,P<0.05).The number of positive cells for caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain decreased significantly(A value:0.126±0.002 vs.0.149±0.003,0.127±0.002 vs.0.178±0.002,both P<0.05).The protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue were significantly reduced[caspase-3 protein(caspase-3/GAPDH):0.999±0.037 vs.1.634±0.045;caspase-9 protein(caspase-9/GAPDH):0.993±0.040 vs.1.754±0.024;caspase-3 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.120±0.059 vs.1.718±0.052;caspase-9 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):0.520±0.045 vs.1.722±0.066,all P<0.05].Conclusion SFN partially attenuated ACOP-induced brain injury in rats,potentially by downregulating both protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9,thereby reducing cellular apoptosis.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of low vision among Tujia and Han children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents in minority areas. Methods: A cluster sampling of Tujia and Han primary school students from two primary schools in Lichuan City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province (2 466 Tujia and 971 Han) were selected for visual acuity assessment. Univariate χ 2 test and multivariate Logistic analysis were used. Low vision and associated factors between Tujia and Han nationality were compared. Results: The overall detection rate of low vision among children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas was 44.9%. There were differences in the degree of low vision in the left and right eyes of individuals, and the detection rate of low vision varied significantly by ethnic, gender and grade ( χ 2=22.10, 18.43, 19.06, 17.97 for the left eye, 17.52, 20.44, 21.49, 18.61 for the right eye, P < 0.05). There were many factors affecting low vision among children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, overweight and obesity were negatively associated with low vision ( OR=1.81, 1.70, 95%CI=1.76-1.92, 1.66-1.82, P <0.01). Conclusion Low vision is highly prevalent in Tujia children and adolescents. Effective intervention measures should be taken to treat and prevent myopia in children and adolescents.

Objective: To understand physical activity status of children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, and to provide reference for the intervention model of physical activity of children and adolescents in minority areas. Methods: A cluster sample of 2 466 Tujia pupils from two primary schools in Lichuan City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province was selected to investigate physical activity status of Tujia pupils. The univariate χ 2 test was used to analyze the physical activity status of Tujia children and adolescents and its influencing factors. Results: The median duration of high intensity activity was 49.9 minutes/day in the last week, and 47.93% of participants met the physical activity standard( χ 2=80.47, P <0.01), the median duration of sitting was 396.1 minutes/day in the last week, and the qualified rate of screen time was 78.99%, and the differences of qualified rate between daystudents and residential students were of statistical differences( χ 2=35.12, P <0.01)). Conclusion The children and adolescents in the Tujia community are lack of physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective intervention measures to pay attention to the children and adolescents physical activity.

Objective: To investigate effectiveness of different intensities of basketball exercise on body compositions among obese junior middle school students, and to provide theoretical support for healthy weight loss among obese children and adolescents. Methods: From September to November 2020,a typical sampling method was used to select 48 obese junior middle school students were recruited from Wuhan Optical Valley Experimental Middle School according to body mass index(BMI), all the students were divided into high, moderate and low intensity basketball training group, as well as the control group, the 45 min per times basketball exercise intervention was administered three times per week for 12 weeks, while the control group did not received no intervention, body composition was assessed before and after intervention. Results: After 12 weeks of low intensity basketball exercise, the percentage of body fat of obese junior high school students after intervention was significantly higher than that before intervention[(32.16±2.26)% v.s. (34.33±2.35)%] ( t =3.52, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in other indexes body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal musclebetween before and after intervention ( t =2.31, 1.98, 1.26,-1.65, P >0.05). For moderate intensity basketball exercise group obdy weight, BMI, percentage of body fat and waist circumference showed statistical changes before and after intervention( t=3.44, 3.76, 6.56, 2.45, P <0.05). For high intensity basketball exercise group, all body composition indicators showed significant changes( t=4.14, 5.18, 11.26, 5.89, -2.56, P <0.05). Conclusion Twelve weeks of basketball exercise can effectively improve body composition of obese junior middle school students, with higher the intensity of exercise, the better the effectiveness.

According to the pathological characteristics of symptomatic chronic thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture (SCOVF), the different clinical treatment methods are selected, including vertebral augmentation, anterior-posterior fixation and fusion, posterior decompression fixation and fusion, and posterior correction osteotomy. However, there is still a lack of a unified understanding on how to choose appropriate treatment method for SCOVF. In order to reflect the new treatment concept and the evidence-based medicine progress of SCOVF in a timely manner and standardize its treatment, the clinical guideline for surgical treatment of SCOVF is formulated in compliance with the principle of scientificity, practicability and advancement and based on the level of evidence-based medicine.

From 1999 to 2015, there were 6 186 cases of leukemia deaths in tianjin residents, the males accounted for 58.28% (3 605) and 52.31% (3 236) deaths lived in urban areas; the crude mortality rate of Leukemia increased from 3.47/100 000 to 4.28/100 000 [t=7.09, P<0.001, annual percent change (APC)=1.30%] and the standardized mortality rate decreased from 3.15/100 000 to 3.01/100 000 (t=-2.95, P=0.006, APC=-0.65%). Special attention should be focused on children, the elderly, males and rural residents.

From 1999 to 2015, there were 6 186 cases of leukemia deaths in tianjin residents, the males accounted for 58.28% (3 605) and 52.31% (3 236) deaths lived in urban areas; the crude mortality rate of Leukemia increased from 3.47/100 000 to 4.28/100 000 [t=7.09, P<0.001, annual percent change (APC)=1.30%] and the standardized mortality rate decreased from 3.15/100 000 to 3.01/100 000 (t=-2.95, P=0.006, APC=-0.65%). Special attention should be focused on children, the elderly, males and rural residents.

From 1999 to 2015, there were 6 186 cases of leukemia deaths in tianjin residents, the males accounted for 58.28% (3 605) and 52.31% (3 236) deaths lived in urban areas; the crude mortality rate of Leukemia increased from 3.47/100 000 to 4.28/100 000 [t=7.09, P<0.001, annual percent change (APC)=1.30%] and the standardized mortality rate decreased from 3.15/100 000 to 3.01/100 000 (t=-2.95, P=0.006, APC=-0.65%). Special attention should be focused on children, the elderly, males and rural residents.

Objective: To explore the trends and distribution of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mortality of the residents with different characteristics from 1999 to 2015 in Tianjin. Methods: ICH mortality data in 1999-2015 were from Tianjin population based mortality surveillance system. The mortality rate of ICH, difference in the rate by gender, age, and geographic distribution, and trends over the years were analyzed. Standardized mortality rates of ICH were calculated using the year 2000 world standard population. Joinpoint regression and Cochran-Armitage trend were used to examine the trends in mortality. Results: A total of 102 279 ICH death cases were observed in Tianjin from year 1999 to 2015. The crude ICH mortality rate in Tianjin decreased from 76.35/100 000 in 1999 to 51.46/100 000 in 2015 (annual percent change (APC)=-1.96%, Z=-31.08, P<0.001) , and the standardized mortality rate decreased from 72.41/100 000 to 29.00/100 000 (APC=-5.20%, Z=-70.91, P<0.001). The crude mortality rate of ICH mortality in males decreased from 87.26/100 000 to 59.89/100 000 (APC=-1.79%, Z=-21.71, P<0.001) and the standardized mortality rate decreased from 85.65/100 000 to 35.75/100 000 (APC=-4.93%, Z=-52.32, P<0.001). The crude mortality rate of ICH mortality in females decreased from 65.21/100 000 to 42.98/100 000 (APC=-2.18%, Z=-22.28, P<0.001) and the standardized mortality rate decreased from 59.17/100 000 to 22.26/100 000 (APC=-5.63%, Z=-48.15, P<0.001). The ICH mortality rate under 35 years old increased from 0.78/100 000 to 0.92/100 000 (APC=4.41%, Z=5.07, P<0.001), especially in males increasing from 0.90/100 000 to 1.54/100 000 (APC=6.59%, Z=6.52, P<0.001). The crude mortality rate of ICH in urban areas decreased from 69.74/100 000 to 41.79/100 000 (APC=-3.18%, Z=-31.43, P<0.001) and the standardized mortality rate decreased from 57.56/100 000 to 20.42/100 000 (APC=-6.59%, Z=-53.43, P<0.001). The crude mortality rate of ICH in rural areas decreased from 82.99/100 000 to 61.49/100 000 (APC=-1.10%, Z=-14.06, P<0.001) and the standardized mortality rate decreased from 91.55/100 000 to 43.14/100 000 (APC=-3.78%, Z=-43.21, P<0.001). The ICH mortality rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (P<0.05). Conclusion ICH mortality rate in Tianjin decreased from 1999 to 2015. Further efforts to reduce ICH mortality in Tianjin is needed, in particular males, under 35 years old, and people in rural areas.