Perimenopausal syndrome(PS)is a series of physiological and psychological symptoms occurring in women around menopause due to decreased or fluctuating estrogen levels,including menstrual disorders,hot flashes with sweating,anxiety and depression,headaches and insomnia,which seriously affect their quality of life.Currently,the main treatment methods for PS are menopausal hormone therapy and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)therapy.Among them,menopausal hormone therapy has a rapid onset of effect,but is often restricted by contraindications to hormone therapy and patient acceptance.TCM therapy,through overall regulation and individualized treatment,has unique advantages in improving symptoms such as hot flashes and emotional disorders,and it has high safety,providing an effective alternative for patients who are unwilling or unsuitable to receive menopausal hormone therapy.However,the unclear explanation of the mechanism and weak evidence-based support for TCM treatment of PS and its complications restrict further application in PS.Therefore,construction of a disease-syndrome combined PS animal model that can accurately simulate complex syndrome evolution patterns and systematically analyze multi-target regulatory mechanisms of TCM is particularly important for investigating PS pathogenesis,drug screening and evaluation,and efficacy assessment of TCM compounds,TCM monomers,and acupuncture treatment.This article summarizes and analyzes recent research on TCM disease-syndrome combined PS animal models from three aspects:the etiology,pathogenesis,treatment methods,and effects;the modeling methods and evaluation indicators of PS animal models;and the application of animal models in TCM treatment of PS.It not only provides scientific support for experimental research using PS animal models in future studies,but also helps deepen the understanding of TCM treatment efficacy and action mechanisms for PS.

Perimenopausal syndrome(PS)is a series of physiological and psychological symptoms occurring in women around menopause due to decreased or fluctuating estrogen levels,including menstrual disorders,hot flashes with sweating,anxiety and depression,headaches and insomnia,which seriously affect their quality of life.Currently,the main treatment methods for PS are menopausal hormone therapy and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)therapy.Among them,menopausal hormone therapy has a rapid onset of effect,but is often restricted by contraindications to hormone therapy and patient acceptance.TCM therapy,through overall regulation and individualized treatment,has unique advantages in improving symptoms such as hot flashes and emotional disorders,and it has high safety,providing an effective alternative for patients who are unwilling or unsuitable to receive menopausal hormone therapy.However,the unclear explanation of the mechanism and weak evidence-based support for TCM treatment of PS and its complications restrict further application in PS.Therefore,construction of a disease-syndrome combined PS animal model that can accurately simulate complex syndrome evolution patterns and systematically analyze multi-target regulatory mechanisms of TCM is particularly important for investigating PS pathogenesis,drug screening and evaluation,and efficacy assessment of TCM compounds,TCM monomers,and acupuncture treatment.This article summarizes and analyzes recent research on TCM disease-syndrome combined PS animal models from three aspects:the etiology,pathogenesis,treatment methods,and effects;the modeling methods and evaluation indicators of PS animal models;and the application of animal models in TCM treatment of PS.It not only provides scientific support for experimental research using PS animal models in future studies,but also helps deepen the understanding of TCM treatment efficacy and action mechanisms for PS.

Itaconate is a pivotal intermediate metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle of immune cells. It is produced by decarboxylation of cis-aconitic acid under the catalysis of aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), which is encoded by the immune response gene 1 (IRG1). Itaconate has become a focal point of research on immunometabolism. Studies have demonstrated that itaconate plays a crucial role in diseases by regulating inflammation, remodeling cell metabolism, and participating in epigenetic regulation. This paper reviewed the research progress in itaconnate from its chemical structure, regulatory effects on different diseases, and mechanisms, proposes the future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of itaconate-related drugs.
Humans ; Succinates/metabolism* ; Carboxy-Lyases/genetics* ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Citric Acid Cycle ; Animals ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Neoplasms/immunology*

Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) protein is an alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) and Fe²⁺-dependent dioxygenase. It plays a role in the active demethylation of DNA by hydroxylation of 5-methyl-cytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine (5-hmC). Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) protein is involved in maintaining genome methylation homeostasis and epigenetic regulation. Abnormally expressed TET1 and 5-mC oxidative derivatives have become potential markers in various biological and pathological processes and a research focus in the fields of embryonic development and malignant tumors. This paper introduces the structure and demethylation mechanism of TET1, reviews the research status of epigenetic regulation by TET1 in embryonic development, immune responses, stem cell regulation, cancer progression, and nervous system development, and briefs the upstream regulatory mechanism of TET1, hoping to provide new inspirations for further research in related fields.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics* ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; DNA Methylation ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism* ; 5-Methylcytosine/analogs & derivatives* ; Animals ; Embryonic Development/genetics* ; Neoplasms/genetics* ; Dioxygenases/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation technique of dipyridamole microcapsules METHODS:Using the method of orthogonal design,the preparation technique of dipyridamole microcapsules was optimized RESULTS:The results showed that with the simple agglutination method,the encapsulation rate was significantly related to the ratio of coating material to dipyridamole of preparation(P