Acute lung injury(ALI) is a critical clinical condition primarily characterized by refractory hypoxemia and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, which can progress into a more severe form known as acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the progression of the disease. Due to its unclear pathogenesis and the lack of effective clinical treatments, ALI is associated with a high mortality rate and severely affects patients' quality of life, making the search for effective therapeutic agents particularly urgent. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the dried root of the perennial herb Panax ginseng from the Araliaceae family, contains active ingredients such as saponins and polysaccharides, which possess various pharmacological effects including anti-tumor activity, immune regulation, and metabolic modulation. In recent years, studies have shown that ginsenosides exhibit notable effects in reducing inflammation, ameliorating epithelial and endothelial cell injury, and providing anticoagulant action, indicating their comprehensive role in alleviating lung injury. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of ALI and the molecular mechanisms through which ginsenosides act at different stages of ALI development. The aim is to provide a scientific reference for the development of ginsenoside-based drugs targeting ALI, as well as a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of ALI.
Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Acute Lung Injury/immunology* ; Animals ; Panax/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Objective:To explore the application value of inventory management model of medical consumables based on the joint inventory management(JMI)theory in the informationization management for medical consumables.Methods:By analyzing the existed problems in the management for medical consumables,and establishing a JMI model information system,the strategy of inventory management of JMI model was formulated to conduct predictive regulation and control,and management for distribution on the requirement of medical consumables.A total of 1200 batches of medical consumables that were used in clinical practice at Heyuan People's Hospital from October 2022 to September 2024 were selected.Based on different inventory management modes,593 batches of medical consumables from October 2022 to September 2023 were managed by using the conventional independent inventory management mode,and 607 batches of medical consumables from October 2023 to September 2024 were managed by using the inventory management model(model management)based on JMI theory for informationization management for medical consumables.The efficiency and quality of management for inventory between two kinds of inventory management modes were compared.Results:The ratio of monthly average consumables to inventory of medical consumables of using the model management mode was 0.468±0.060,which was higher than that of the independent inventory management mode.The monthly average times of emergency ordering,the monthly average times of stockouts,and monthly average times of non-emergency ordering were respectively(23.84±6.02),(5.69±2.28)and(20.57±2.66)times,all of which were lower than those of the independent inventory management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=11.249,7.539,8.854,9.654,P<0.05).The consumed times of inbound,information verification,query and statistics,and outbound of medical consumables of adopting the model management mode were respectively(1.18±0.40),(0.25±0.06)h,(0.73±0.35)h,and(0.53±0.22)h,all of which were lower than those of the independent inventory management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=50.621,87.351,61.524,43.806,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of inventory management model for medical consumables based on the JMI theory in informationization management for medical consumables can improve management efficiency for inventory,and optimize structure of inventory,and reduce costs of inventory,and decrease the frequency of temporary procurement for medical consumables.

Objective:To explore the application value of inventory management model of medical consumables based on the joint inventory management(JMI)theory in the informationization management for medical consumables.Methods:By analyzing the existed problems in the management for medical consumables,and establishing a JMI model information system,the strategy of inventory management of JMI model was formulated to conduct predictive regulation and control,and management for distribution on the requirement of medical consumables.A total of 1200 batches of medical consumables that were used in clinical practice at Heyuan People's Hospital from October 2022 to September 2024 were selected.Based on different inventory management modes,593 batches of medical consumables from October 2022 to September 2023 were managed by using the conventional independent inventory management mode,and 607 batches of medical consumables from October 2023 to September 2024 were managed by using the inventory management model(model management)based on JMI theory for informationization management for medical consumables.The efficiency and quality of management for inventory between two kinds of inventory management modes were compared.Results:The ratio of monthly average consumables to inventory of medical consumables of using the model management mode was 0.468±0.060,which was higher than that of the independent inventory management mode.The monthly average times of emergency ordering,the monthly average times of stockouts,and monthly average times of non-emergency ordering were respectively(23.84±6.02),(5.69±2.28)and(20.57±2.66)times,all of which were lower than those of the independent inventory management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=11.249,7.539,8.854,9.654,P<0.05).The consumed times of inbound,information verification,query and statistics,and outbound of medical consumables of adopting the model management mode were respectively(1.18±0.40),(0.25±0.06)h,(0.73±0.35)h,and(0.53±0.22)h,all of which were lower than those of the independent inventory management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=50.621,87.351,61.524,43.806,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of inventory management model for medical consumables based on the JMI theory in informationization management for medical consumables can improve management efficiency for inventory,and optimize structure of inventory,and reduce costs of inventory,and decrease the frequency of temporary procurement for medical consumables.

Evaluating the consistency of herb injectable formulations could improve their product quality and clinical safety, particularly concerning the composition and content levels of trace ingredients. Panax notoginseng Saponins Injection (PNSI), widely used in China for treating acute cardiovascular diseases, contains low-abundance (10%-25%) and trace saponins in addition to its five main constituents (notoginsenoside R₁, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb₁, and ginsenoside Rd). This study aimed to establish a robust analytical method and assess the variability in trace saponin levels within PNSI from different vendors and formulation types. To achieve this, a liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method employing multiple ions monitoring (MIM) was developed. A "post-column valve switching" strategy was implemented to eliminate highly abundant peaks (NR₁, Rg₁, and Re) at 26 min. A total of 51 saponins in PNSI were quantified or relatively quantified using 18 saponin standards, with digoxin as the internal standard. This study evaluated 119 batches of PNSI from seven vendors, revealing significant variability in trace saponin levels among different vendors and formulation types. These findings highlight the importance of consistent content in low-abundance and trace saponins to ensure product control and clinical safety. Standardization of these ingredients is crucial for maintaining the quality and effectiveness of PNSI in treating acute cardiovascular diseases.
Ginsenosides ; Saponins ; Chemometrics ; Panax notoginseng ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective:This study explored the impacts of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on spontaneous brain activity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:This study was a randomized controlled study. First-episode, drug-na?ve patients with MDD ( n=27) and healthy controls ( n=30) were enrolled. The left dorsolateral prefrontal region was the stimulation target, and all participants received rTMS treatment for fifteen successive days. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 17) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected at baseline and the 15th day of the treatment. Changes in the spontaneous brain activity before and after the treatment were compared using the paired samples t-test or the independent sample t-test. The two indices of the amplitude of the low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity(ReHo) were applied to reflect the spontaneous brain activity. Results:After treatment, the score of HAMD 17 (9.4±4.3) in MDD patients was significantly lower than that before the treatment (21.1±6.0), the average score decreased by (11.7±3.6), the remission rate was 40.74%, and the response rate was 74.07%. fMRI results: Before treatment, patients with MDD had significantly lower ALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus ( t=-8.14, P<0.001), higher ALFF in the left middle frontal gyrus and left precuneus ( t=5.79, 6.24, P<0.001), and lower ReHo in the left middle frontal and left middle occipital gyri ( t=-5.17, -6.11, P<0.001) than the corresponding values observed in healthy controls; After the rTMS treatment, the ALFF significantly increased in the left superior frontal gyrus ( t=7.32, P<0.001) and decreased in the left middle frontal gyrus and left precuneus ( t=-4.96,-5.14, P<0.001). Furthermore, ReHo significantly increased in the left middle frontal and left middle occipital gyri ( t=4.25,4.19, P<0.001) in patients with MDD. The score of HAMD 17 after treatment was significantly and negatively correlated with ALFF value of left superior frontal gyrus after treatment ( r=-0.390, P=0.044). Conclusion:Successive 15-day rTMS treatment could efficiently and effectively alleviate individual′s depressive symptoms. The left middle frontal gyrus may play an important role in abnormal spontaneous brain activity in MDD patients; and left superior frontal gyrus function may be essential in improving depressive symptoms.

Objective:This study explored the impacts of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on spontaneous brain activity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:This study was a randomized controlled study. First-episode, drug-na?ve patients with MDD ( n=27) and healthy controls ( n=30) were enrolled. The left dorsolateral prefrontal region was the stimulation target, and all participants received rTMS treatment for fifteen successive days. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 17) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected at baseline and the 15th day of the treatment. Changes in the spontaneous brain activity before and after the treatment were compared using the paired samples t-test or the independent sample t-test. The two indices of the amplitude of the low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity(ReHo) were applied to reflect the spontaneous brain activity. Results:After treatment, the score of HAMD 17 (9.4±4.3) in MDD patients was significantly lower than that before the treatment (21.1±6.0), the average score decreased by (11.7±3.6), the remission rate was 40.74%, and the response rate was 74.07%. fMRI results: Before treatment, patients with MDD had significantly lower ALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus ( t=-8.14, P<0.001), higher ALFF in the left middle frontal gyrus and left precuneus ( t=5.79, 6.24, P<0.001), and lower ReHo in the left middle frontal and left middle occipital gyri ( t=-5.17, -6.11, P<0.001) than the corresponding values observed in healthy controls; After the rTMS treatment, the ALFF significantly increased in the left superior frontal gyrus ( t=7.32, P<0.001) and decreased in the left middle frontal gyrus and left precuneus ( t=-4.96,-5.14, P<0.001). Furthermore, ReHo significantly increased in the left middle frontal and left middle occipital gyri ( t=4.25,4.19, P<0.001) in patients with MDD. The score of HAMD 17 after treatment was significantly and negatively correlated with ALFF value of left superior frontal gyrus after treatment ( r=-0.390, P=0.044). Conclusion:Successive 15-day rTMS treatment could efficiently and effectively alleviate individual′s depressive symptoms. The left middle frontal gyrus may play an important role in abnormal spontaneous brain activity in MDD patients; and left superior frontal gyrus function may be essential in improving depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with Marjolin's ulcers.

METHODSThe clinical materials of 21 patients with Marjolin's ulcers hospitalized from January 2007 to January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, including age, gender, injury causes, duration time of primary disease in developing Marjolin's ulcer, duration of ulcer, lesion site, ulcer area, symptoms and signs of ulcer region, bacterial culture results before operation, histopathological type, grade of carcinoma cell differentiation, depth of invasion, treatment, and outcome.

RESULTS(1) The age of 21 patients at the time of diagnosis of Marjolin's ulcers was 19-74 (47 ± 13) years, and the ratio of male to female was nearly 0.9:1.0. (2) The main primary lesions were flame burns and high temperature liquid scald, respectively occurred in 12 cases (57.1%) and 7 cases (33.3%). The time for development of Marjolin's ulcers from primary injury was 10-56 (40 ± 14) years. (3) Ulceration on top of scar lasted for longer than one year in 12 patients (57.1%). (4) Lesion site was mainly located in the limbs in 13 patients (61.9%), and on head and face in 6 patients (28.6%), respectively. (5) Ulcer area ranged 0.25-74.25 (39 ± 25) cm(2). Foul excretion, bleeding, intensified pain, and gradual enlargement of ulceration were observed in the lesion of most patients. (6) Bacterial culture of wound excretion before operation showed positive results in 16 patients (76.2%).

RESULTSof bacterial culture of blood were negative in all patients. (7) Pathological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 20 cases and basal cell carcinoma in 1 case, and mostly of high or medium differentiation. Cancer cells in nearly 40% patients had invaded the subcutaneous tissue or deeper area. (8) All patients were treated by surgery, among them autologous skin grafting was done after excision of lesion in 11 patients, and in 5 patients the defects were closed with skin flaps after excision of lesion, and in 5 patients limbs harboring the lesion were amputated. Twelve patients (57.1%) received postoperative rehabilitation treatment. Two patients with pulmonary metastasis received chemotherapy. (9) Most of the flaps and skin grafts survived well after surgery, and a few cases with failure of skin grafting or transplantation of flaps underwent skin grafts again. Patients were followed up for 6 months to 5 years, in 4 patients recurrence occurred after surgery, and 2 of them died. The other patients survived without recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSSquamous cell carcinoma was the most common pathological type of Marjolin's ulcer admitted to our unit. A recurrent ulcer with long course should be considered as Marjolin's ulcer, and it should be scrutinized pathologically. Currently, surgery remains the optimal treatment for Marjolin's ulcer. Regular follow-up should be carried out after resection of the lesion to detect carcinoma recurrence and metastasis.

Burns ; complications ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin Ulcer ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome

ObjectivesTo study the relationship between the allele frequencies and genotype distribution of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) gene promoter polymorphisms in Chinese patients with heptocellular carcinoma(HCC),and to analyze the association of the serum levels and genotype of TGF-β1 with HCC.MethodsThe polymorphisms of TGF-β gene,including polymorphisms of TGF-[β1 gene -800G/A、-509C/T,were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)methods in 102 patients with HCC and 110 healthy controls,and the serum level of TGF-β1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ResultsThe HCC group showed significantly higher serum levels of TGF-β1 than control group [(51.06 ± 9.74)μg/L,(22.12 ± 8.67 )μg/L,t=22.884, P＜0.01], The distributions of TGF-β gene -800G/A polymorphisms were not different significantly between HCC group and control group, but TGF-β1 -509C/T gene polymorphism was significantly different. The relative risk suffered from HCC of C allele was 1.822 times of the T allele (OR=1.822,95 ％CI:1.238-2.682,t=22.884,P＜0.01), the serum level of TGF-β1 T allele carriers was significantly higher than that of no carriers [(53.52:±:10.07)μg/L,(43.57±9.89)μ.g/L,t=3.898, P＜0.01]. ConclusionTGF-β1 gene -509C/T polymorphism is associated with HCC, and T allele may be a risk factor for HCC, in which the TGF-β1 T allele carriers may have increased risk by enhancing the TGF-β1 expression in the pathogenesis of HCC.