Acute lung injury(ALI) is a critical clinical condition primarily characterized by refractory hypoxemia and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, which can progress into a more severe form known as acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the progression of the disease. Due to its unclear pathogenesis and the lack of effective clinical treatments, ALI is associated with a high mortality rate and severely affects patients' quality of life, making the search for effective therapeutic agents particularly urgent. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the dried root of the perennial herb Panax ginseng from the Araliaceae family, contains active ingredients such as saponins and polysaccharides, which possess various pharmacological effects including anti-tumor activity, immune regulation, and metabolic modulation. In recent years, studies have shown that ginsenosides exhibit notable effects in reducing inflammation, ameliorating epithelial and endothelial cell injury, and providing anticoagulant action, indicating their comprehensive role in alleviating lung injury. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of ALI and the molecular mechanisms through which ginsenosides act at different stages of ALI development. The aim is to provide a scientific reference for the development of ginsenoside-based drugs targeting ALI, as well as a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of ALI.
Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Acute Lung Injury/immunology* ; Animals ; Panax/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Evaluating the consistency of herb injectable formulations could improve their product quality and clinical safety, particularly concerning the composition and content levels of trace ingredients. Panax notoginseng Saponins Injection (PNSI), widely used in China for treating acute cardiovascular diseases, contains low-abundance (10%-25%) and trace saponins in addition to its five main constituents (notoginsenoside R₁, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb₁, and ginsenoside Rd). This study aimed to establish a robust analytical method and assess the variability in trace saponin levels within PNSI from different vendors and formulation types. To achieve this, a liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method employing multiple ions monitoring (MIM) was developed. A "post-column valve switching" strategy was implemented to eliminate highly abundant peaks (NR₁, Rg₁, and Re) at 26 min. A total of 51 saponins in PNSI were quantified or relatively quantified using 18 saponin standards, with digoxin as the internal standard. This study evaluated 119 batches of PNSI from seven vendors, revealing significant variability in trace saponin levels among different vendors and formulation types. These findings highlight the importance of consistent content in low-abundance and trace saponins to ensure product control and clinical safety. Standardization of these ingredients is crucial for maintaining the quality and effectiveness of PNSI in treating acute cardiovascular diseases.
Ginsenosides ; Saponins ; Chemometrics ; Panax notoginseng ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective: To study the segment of liver according to the large amount of three-dimensional(3D) reconstructive images of normal human livers and the vascular system, and to recognize the basic functional liver unit based on the anatomic features of the intrahepatic portal veins. Methods: The enhanced CT primitive DICOM files of 1 260 normal human livers from different age groups who treated from October 2013 to February 2017 provided by 16 hospitals were analyzed using the computer-aided surgery system.The 3D liver and liver vascular system were reconstructed, and the digital liver 3D model was established.The vascular morphology, anatomical features, and anatomical distributions of intrahepatic portal veins were statistically analyzed. Results: The digital liver model obtained from the 3D reconstruction of CAS displayed clear intrahepatic portal vein vessels of level four.Perform a digital liver segments study based on the analysis of level four vascular distribution areas.As the less anatomical variation of left hepatic portal vein, the liver was classified into four types of liver segmentation mainly based on right hepatic portal vein.Type A was similar to Couinaud or Cho′s segmentation, containing 8 segments(537 cases, 42.62%). Type B contained 9 segments as there are three ramifications of right-anterior portal vein(464 cases, 36.82%). The main difference for Type C was the variation of right-posterior portal vein which was sector shape(102 cases, 8.10%). Type D contained the cases with special portal vein variations, which needs three-dimensional simulation to design individualized liver resection plan(157 cases, 12.46%). These results showed that there was no significant difference in liver segmental typing between genders(χ²=2.179, P=0.536) and did not reveal any significant difference in liver segmental typing among the different age groups(χ²=0.357, P=0.949). Conclusions The 3D digital liver model can demonstrate the true 3D anatomical structures, and its spatial vascular variations.The observation of anatomic features, distribution areas of intrahepatic portal veins and individualized liver segmentation achieved via digital medical 3D visualization technology is of great value for understand the complexity of liver anatomy and to guide the precise hepatectomy.

Objective To inuestigate the clinical efficacy of complete dentures combined with Naoluotong capsule on patients with edentulous . Methods Edentulous patients were given dentures and denture combined with Naoluotong capsule therapy for the treatment.After treatment, chewing efficiency, cerebral blood flow and radiographic were tested and evaluated.Results After 3 months of treatment, satisfaction of combined treatment group was 90.00% which were significantly higher than that of complete denture group(P<0.05); chewing efficiency and cerebral blood flow(Vs、Vm、Vd) results were significantly higher than the denture group (P<0.05);MR studies showed that combined treatment can make the level of activation in the brain regions of patients with missing teeth to the normal value .Conclusion Denture combined with Naoluotong capsule treatment for edentulous patients can get better clinical outcomes and improve brain function of the patients.

Objective To explore the role of MR stem cell markers in temozolomide intervention gliomas angiogenesis and therapy .Methods C6 glioma cells were intravenously injected in glioma model rat.MR stem cell markers and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the tumor growth and angiogenesis.Correlation of contrast imaging and immunohistochemistry results were studied.Results In this study, MR scanning was successfully used to trace the SPIO-PLL marked bone marrow stem cells, dynamic testing of angiogenesis in rat brain glioma tumor.Correlation analysis of imaging and immunohistochemical showed that they had a good negative correlation (P<0.05).Conclusion SPIO magnetic markers for bone marrow stem cells and MR tracing technique is an effective means of dynamic observation in vivo glioma angiogenesis.

Objective To provide credible anatomic data and information for clinical diagnosis and surgery of hand by measuring the length of metacarpal bone and phalanges of hands on X-ray films and to study their mathematical relations.Methods The X-ray films of hands on posteroanterior position were taken in 186 healthy college students (M90,F96).The length of each metacarpal and phalange were measured.All the data were calculated by SPSS software.Results The mathematical relations of each metacarpal and phalange bone were obtained .It was found that there were sexual differences in the ratio of first to second,second to fourth,second to fifth and third to fourth metacarpal length,the ratio of first to second,first to fourth and second to fifth proximal phalangeal length,the ratio of second to fifth,third to fifth and fourth to fifth middle phalangeal length and the ratio of first to second and first to third distal phalangeal length.Conclusion The results of this mathematical relations are of great significant in orthopaedic surgery of hand.