OBJECTIVE To investigate the result of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)screening for the people visiting to a three-A hospital of Sichuan Province and analyze the prevalence of complications with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and Treponema pallidum(TP)infection in the emerging HIV infection patients.METHODS The result of HIV screening for the people who visited to Ziyang Central Hos-pital from Jan.1,2020 to Dec.31,2024 and the test results of HBV,HCV and TP for the emerging HIV infec-tion patients were collected and were summarized and statistically analyzed by SPSS.0 software.RESULTS Totally 289 891 case-times were tested for HIV,1529 cases were previously diagnosed with HIV,465 of whom were tested posi-tive for the first time,there was significant difference in the positive rate of test for the first time among the 5 years(x2=15.998,P=0.003).Totally 353 cases were confirmed positive among the 465 primary positive screening cases.Among the emerging HIV infection patients,the positive rate was higher in the male than in the female(x2=141.141,P＜0.001),and the positive rate was high among the population aged more than 40 year old(x2=11.448,P＜0.001),mi-grant workers(x2=270.110,P＜0.001)and low education level population(x2=25.911,P＜0.001).The detection rate of gp41 was up to 100.00％in strip type testing.The analysis of the ratio of relative light unit(RLU)to Cutoff val-ue(COI)in the initial screening experiment showed that when COI was greater than 50,all of the confirmed tests were positive,when COI ranged between 1 and 5,the false positive rate was 97.06％.The incidence of complica-tion with HBV infection in the emerging HIV infection patients was increased year by year(x2=20.355,P＜0.001),and the incidence of complication with HCV infection was increased in recent two years(x2=10.690,P=0.030).CONCLUSIONS There is no obvious rise of positive rate of HIV screening among the people visiting to the hospital in recent 5 years.The sensitivity of the primary screening of clinical laboratory is high without posi-tive missing test.The positive rates of HBV and HCV are increased among the emerging HIV infection patients.

This article reviewed the progress in military operational medicine in the U.S.Armed Forces in 2024 in terms of improved capabilities of health care in extreme natural environments,protection from noise damage,sleep interventions,intelligence monitoring of operational efficiency and more academic exchanges in this field.These measures are intended to improve the operational performance of soldiers in every possible way.This article is expected to provide useful references for related research.

Chronic pain following spinal cord injury refers to persistent or recurrent pain that occurs after spinal cord injury, which can be manifested as symptoms such as burning, stinging, and electric shock, seriously impairing the patients′ quality of life. Current conventional treatments for chronic pain after spinal cord injury include surgery, medication, and physical therapy. However, these treatments have limitations: surgery cannot fully repair nerve damage, medication has limited efficacy, and physical therapy often requires prolonged treatment with suboptimal outcomes. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS), as a neuromodulation technique, can relieve chronic pain in patients by stimulating spinal nerves by emitting weak current from electrodes placed around the spinal cord. SCS has been used to treat chronic pain after spinal cord injury, especially for refractory pain of the patients who fail to respond to conventional treatments, but its efficacy and exact mechanism remain to be further verified. To this end, this article reviewed the research progress of the efficacy and mechanism of SCS in the treatment of chronic pain after spinal cord injury so as to provide reference for its clinical treatment.

Aim To analyze the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)in patients with different types of acute coronary syndrome(ACS)undergoing coronary artery rotational atherec-tomy(RA)within two years.Methods 268 patients with ACS who underwent RA in the Department of Cardiology,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University,between November 2011 and December 2022 were retrospectively included.According to whether ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)occurred,they were divided into 25 cases in the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)group and 243 cases in the non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS)group.The NSTE-ACS group included unstable angina pectoris(UAP)and non-STEMI(NSTEMI).The basic information and intraoperative data related to percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in the two groups were collected,and the occurrence of MACCE(including car-diovascular death,non fatal myocardial infarction,worsening heart failure,ischemic stroke and target vessel revasculariza-tion)within two years after RA was followed up and analyzed.Results Compared with the NSTE-ACS group,the STEMI group had a higher incidence of MACCE and cardiovascular mortality during the two-year follow-up period(10.3％and 0.4％vs.28.0％and 8.0％;P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference between the incidence of target vessel revascularization,nonfatal infarction,ischemic stroke and worsening heart failure between the two groups(P＞0.05).According to subgroup analysis based on enrollment periods,the results showed that over time(2011-2017 compared to 2018-2022),the incidence of MACCE in all patients within two years after RA showed a decreasing trend(18.97％vs.6.58％).Combined with previous studies,gender,hypertension,diabetes,renal insufficiency,smoking and left ven-tricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were included in the Cox regression model.It was found that the use of intravascular ul-trasound(IVUS)was an independent factor to reduce the incidence of MACCE in ACS patients within two years after RA(HR=0.333,95％CI:0.153～0.723,P＜0.01).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that among ACS patients undergoing RA,the cumulative incidence of MACCE events was higher in the STEMI group than that in the NSTE-ACS group(P＜0.05).Conclusion STEMI patients have a higher incidence of MACCE and cardiovascular mortality within two years after RA compared to NSTE-ACS patients,and the use of IVUS during RA surgery can reduce the incidence of MACCE in ACS patients after RA.

Objective:To explore the role of spinal Reelin protein (RELN) in neuropathic pain and its related mechanisms.Methods:A rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) was established using the sciatic nerve ligation method. The mechanical threshold and thermal threshold of the injured side and contralateral side in the sham-operation group and CCI group were compared. Western blot was used to detect the differences in the expressions of spinal RELN, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CAMKⅡ) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) proteins. On the 7th day after CCI modeling, the CCI model rats were further divided into three groups: CCI group (without any treatment), CCI+ RELN overexpression group (intrathecal injection of 15 μl of 5 μg/μl RELN overexpression plasmid, once a day for 2 consecutive days) and CCI+ PBS group (intrathecal injection of PBS). The mechanical threshold and thermal threshold among the three groups were compared, and Western blot was used again to detect the differences in the expressions of RELN, CaMKⅡ and p-ERK1/2 proteins in the three groups.Results:CCI successfully induced neuropathic pain in rats. On the 7th day after CCI, compared with the contralateral hind paw or the injured hind paw in the sham-operation group, the mechanical threshold and thermal threshold of the injured hind paw in the CCI group were significantly lower, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). Western blot results showed that compared with the sham-operation group, the protein expression of RELN in the spinal dorsal horn of the injured side in the CCI group was lower ( P=0.031), the protein expression of CAMKⅡ and the level of p-ERK1/2 were higher (all P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the level of ERK1/2 among the groups ( P>0.05). The thermal threshold and mechanical threshold of the injured side in the CCI+ RELN overexpression group were significantly higher than those in the CCI group and CCI+ PBS group (all P<0.05). Western blot results showed that 24 hours after the transfection of RELN overexpression plasmid, compared with the CCI+ PBS group, the protein expression of RELN in the CCI+ RELN overexpression group was significantly increased, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05), indicating that the transfection of RELN overexpression plasmid was successful. Compared with the CCI+ PBS group, the protein expression of CAMKⅡ and the phosphorylation level of ERK2 in the CCI+ RELN overexpression group were lower (all P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the phosphorylation level of ERK1 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The overexpression of the RELN gene in the spinal cord weakens the maintenance of neuropathic pain by inhibiting the activation of the CAMKⅡ/ERK2 pathway, which suggests that RELN may become a new target for pain treatment.

Aim To analyze the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)in patients with different types of acute coronary syndrome(ACS)undergoing coronary artery rotational atherec-tomy(RA)within two years.Methods 268 patients with ACS who underwent RA in the Department of Cardiology,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University,between November 2011 and December 2022 were retrospectively included.According to whether ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)occurred,they were divided into 25 cases in the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)group and 243 cases in the non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS)group.The NSTE-ACS group included unstable angina pectoris(UAP)and non-STEMI(NSTEMI).The basic information and intraoperative data related to percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in the two groups were collected,and the occurrence of MACCE(including car-diovascular death,non fatal myocardial infarction,worsening heart failure,ischemic stroke and target vessel revasculariza-tion)within two years after RA was followed up and analyzed.Results Compared with the NSTE-ACS group,the STEMI group had a higher incidence of MACCE and cardiovascular mortality during the two-year follow-up period(10.3％and 0.4％vs.28.0％and 8.0％;P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference between the incidence of target vessel revascularization,nonfatal infarction,ischemic stroke and worsening heart failure between the two groups(P＞0.05).According to subgroup analysis based on enrollment periods,the results showed that over time(2011-2017 compared to 2018-2022),the incidence of MACCE in all patients within two years after RA showed a decreasing trend(18.97％vs.6.58％).Combined with previous studies,gender,hypertension,diabetes,renal insufficiency,smoking and left ven-tricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were included in the Cox regression model.It was found that the use of intravascular ul-trasound(IVUS)was an independent factor to reduce the incidence of MACCE in ACS patients within two years after RA(HR=0.333,95％CI:0.153～0.723,P＜0.01).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that among ACS patients undergoing RA,the cumulative incidence of MACCE events was higher in the STEMI group than that in the NSTE-ACS group(P＜0.05).Conclusion STEMI patients have a higher incidence of MACCE and cardiovascular mortality within two years after RA compared to NSTE-ACS patients,and the use of IVUS during RA surgery can reduce the incidence of MACCE in ACS patients after RA.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the result of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)screening for the people visiting to a three-A hospital of Sichuan Province and analyze the prevalence of complications with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and Treponema pallidum(TP)infection in the emerging HIV infection patients.METHODS The result of HIV screening for the people who visited to Ziyang Central Hos-pital from Jan.1,2020 to Dec.31,2024 and the test results of HBV,HCV and TP for the emerging HIV infec-tion patients were collected and were summarized and statistically analyzed by SPSS.0 software.RESULTS Totally 289 891 case-times were tested for HIV,1529 cases were previously diagnosed with HIV,465 of whom were tested posi-tive for the first time,there was significant difference in the positive rate of test for the first time among the 5 years(x2=15.998,P=0.003).Totally 353 cases were confirmed positive among the 465 primary positive screening cases.Among the emerging HIV infection patients,the positive rate was higher in the male than in the female(x2=141.141,P＜0.001),and the positive rate was high among the population aged more than 40 year old(x2=11.448,P＜0.001),mi-grant workers(x2=270.110,P＜0.001)and low education level population(x2=25.911,P＜0.001).The detection rate of gp41 was up to 100.00％in strip type testing.The analysis of the ratio of relative light unit(RLU)to Cutoff val-ue(COI)in the initial screening experiment showed that when COI was greater than 50,all of the confirmed tests were positive,when COI ranged between 1 and 5,the false positive rate was 97.06％.The incidence of complica-tion with HBV infection in the emerging HIV infection patients was increased year by year(x2=20.355,P＜0.001),and the incidence of complication with HCV infection was increased in recent two years(x2=10.690,P=0.030).CONCLUSIONS There is no obvious rise of positive rate of HIV screening among the people visiting to the hospital in recent 5 years.The sensitivity of the primary screening of clinical laboratory is high without posi-tive missing test.The positive rates of HBV and HCV are increased among the emerging HIV infection patients.

Objective:To analyze the difference of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing and viral load between male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum, and to explore the correlation with the disease condition and prognosis of patients with condyloma acuminatum of different genders.Methods:A total of 123 male and 116 female HPV-positive patients with condyloma acuminatum admitted to the Daqing Fourth Hospital and the Acheng District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Harbin from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study objects, and the differences in HPV typing and viral load between the two groups of patients with different genders were compared. The relationship between HPV typing and viral load and the condition and prognosis of condyloma acuminatum was analyzed.Results:The detection rate of low-risk HPV in male patients was higher than that of female patients, and the detection rate of high-risk HPV was lower than that of female patients, with statistical significance (χ 2=20.346, P<0.001; χ 2=8.880, P=0.003); The HPV infection types were mostly low-risk single infection in male patients and multiple infection in female patients (χ 2=17.651, P<0.001). The viral loads of low-risk HPV6, 11 and 81 in male patients were higher than those in female patients (all P<0.05). The viral loads of high-risk HPV16, 18, 52, 53, 58 and 66 in female patients were higher than those in male patients (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in viral load of other HPV types between male and female patients (all P>0.05). The proportion of >10 warts in male and female patients with high viral load, the proportion of warts in urethra, cervix, anal canal and other non-external genitalia and the incidence of genital herpes were significantly higher than those of same sex patients with low viral load (all P<0.05). The total treatment response rate of male and female patients with high viral load (77.4%, 72.5%) was significantly lower than that of the same sex group with low viral load (94.3%, 91.5%) (χ 2=7.637, P=0.007; χ 2=6.366, P=0.017). The total recurrence rates of male patients were high-risk single infection, multiple infection and low-risk single infection from high to low, while the total recurrence rates of female patients were multiple infection, high-risk single infection and low-risk single infection from high to low, with statistical significance (χ 2=13.989, P=0.001; χ 2=10.292, P=0.006). Conclusions:There are differences in HPV typing distribution and viral load between male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum. HPV typing and viral load are correlated with the condition and prognosis of male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum.

Objective:To analyze the difference of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing and viral load between male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum, and to explore the correlation with the disease condition and prognosis of patients with condyloma acuminatum of different genders.Methods:A total of 123 male and 116 female HPV-positive patients with condyloma acuminatum admitted to the Daqing Fourth Hospital and the Acheng District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Harbin from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study objects, and the differences in HPV typing and viral load between the two groups of patients with different genders were compared. The relationship between HPV typing and viral load and the condition and prognosis of condyloma acuminatum was analyzed.Results:The detection rate of low-risk HPV in male patients was higher than that of female patients, and the detection rate of high-risk HPV was lower than that of female patients, with statistical significance (χ 2=20.346, P<0.001; χ 2=8.880, P=0.003); The HPV infection types were mostly low-risk single infection in male patients and multiple infection in female patients (χ 2=17.651, P<0.001). The viral loads of low-risk HPV6, 11 and 81 in male patients were higher than those in female patients (all P<0.05). The viral loads of high-risk HPV16, 18, 52, 53, 58 and 66 in female patients were higher than those in male patients (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in viral load of other HPV types between male and female patients (all P>0.05). The proportion of >10 warts in male and female patients with high viral load, the proportion of warts in urethra, cervix, anal canal and other non-external genitalia and the incidence of genital herpes were significantly higher than those of same sex patients with low viral load (all P<0.05). The total treatment response rate of male and female patients with high viral load (77.4%, 72.5%) was significantly lower than that of the same sex group with low viral load (94.3%, 91.5%) (χ 2=7.637, P=0.007; χ 2=6.366, P=0.017). The total recurrence rates of male patients were high-risk single infection, multiple infection and low-risk single infection from high to low, while the total recurrence rates of female patients were multiple infection, high-risk single infection and low-risk single infection from high to low, with statistical significance (χ 2=13.989, P=0.001; χ 2=10.292, P=0.006). Conclusions:There are differences in HPV typing distribution and viral load between male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum. HPV typing and viral load are correlated with the condition and prognosis of male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum.

Objective:To explore the role of spinal Reelin protein (RELN) in neuropathic pain and its related mechanisms.Methods:A rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) was established using the sciatic nerve ligation method. The mechanical threshold and thermal threshold of the injured side and contralateral side in the sham-operation group and CCI group were compared. Western blot was used to detect the differences in the expressions of spinal RELN, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CAMKⅡ) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) proteins. On the 7th day after CCI modeling, the CCI model rats were further divided into three groups: CCI group (without any treatment), CCI+ RELN overexpression group (intrathecal injection of 15 μl of 5 μg/μl RELN overexpression plasmid, once a day for 2 consecutive days) and CCI+ PBS group (intrathecal injection of PBS). The mechanical threshold and thermal threshold among the three groups were compared, and Western blot was used again to detect the differences in the expressions of RELN, CaMKⅡ and p-ERK1/2 proteins in the three groups.Results:CCI successfully induced neuropathic pain in rats. On the 7th day after CCI, compared with the contralateral hind paw or the injured hind paw in the sham-operation group, the mechanical threshold and thermal threshold of the injured hind paw in the CCI group were significantly lower, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). Western blot results showed that compared with the sham-operation group, the protein expression of RELN in the spinal dorsal horn of the injured side in the CCI group was lower ( P=0.031), the protein expression of CAMKⅡ and the level of p-ERK1/2 were higher (all P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the level of ERK1/2 among the groups ( P>0.05). The thermal threshold and mechanical threshold of the injured side in the CCI+ RELN overexpression group were significantly higher than those in the CCI group and CCI+ PBS group (all P<0.05). Western blot results showed that 24 hours after the transfection of RELN overexpression plasmid, compared with the CCI+ PBS group, the protein expression of RELN in the CCI+ RELN overexpression group was significantly increased, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05), indicating that the transfection of RELN overexpression plasmid was successful. Compared with the CCI+ PBS group, the protein expression of CAMKⅡ and the phosphorylation level of ERK2 in the CCI+ RELN overexpression group were lower (all P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the phosphorylation level of ERK1 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The overexpression of the RELN gene in the spinal cord weakens the maintenance of neuropathic pain by inhibiting the activation of the CAMKⅡ/ERK2 pathway, which suggests that RELN may become a new target for pain treatment.