The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC), in collaboration with multiple professional organizations, jointly released the "Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults" in August 2025. Based on the latest evidence-based medical findings from February 2015 to January 2025, the guideline proposes an individualized treatment strategy grounded in total cardiovascular disease risk stratification, incorporates the novel PREVENT risk assessment model, lowers the medication initiation threshold and control targets for high-risk populations, and provides specific management recommendations for special populations. This article provides an interpretation of these updates and conducts a comparative analysis with the current status of hypertension prevention and treatment in China as well as Chinese guidelines, aiming to offer reference for hypertension control practices in China.

The American Heart Association (AHA) officially released the "2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association" on January 27, 2025. This report systematically compiles the latest statistics on major cardiovascular diseases worldwide, while simultaneously integrating relevant outcome indicators, including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs, and updating the global prevalence patterns and evolving trends of diverse risk factors impacting cardiovascular health, providing essential guidance for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Synthesizing insights from this pivotal report and other relevant studies, this article highlights key findings concerning the global prevalence and mortality of heart diseases, associated risk factors, and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

BACKGROUND:Patellar tendonitis can present as tendon degeneration that fails to heal due to tissue overload and incomplete recovery.Patellar tendonitis is a predisposition to high jumping and its pathogenesis has not been clearly defined.OBJECTIVE:To explore the stress-strain relationship of patellar tendon in the take-off technique of high jump through the finite element model with accurate human anatomical structure,so as to provide ideas for the prevention and rehabilitation of patellar tendinitis.METHODS:Based on the CT and MRI imaging data of the lower extremity(including the knee and ankle)of one subject(22 years old,183 cm height,70 kg body mass),a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower extremity was reconstructed using medical imaging software,reverse engineering software and modeling software.The plantar pressure of the take-off leg was collected in eight subjects by gait testing system,and the technical action of high jump take-off was collected by motion capture system.The captured data were imported into human sports biomechanics software for analysis,and kinematic and kinetic data were obtained as the boundary conditions of finite element model for finite element simulation analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The force borne by the patellar tendon reached 3.29 times of its own body mass when the subjects took off.In the take-off stage,the peak values of normal equivalent stress,strain and shear stress of the patellar tendon were 127.76 MPa,0.81 and 37.69 MPa,respectively,which were in the nonlinear region of the stress-strain curve,and the peak values were distributed in the proximal and posterior parts of patellar tendon.To conclude,the high patellar tendon force,strain and shear stress caused by the load of 3.29 times its own body mass during take-off are related to the induction of patellar tendinitis.

BACKGROUND:Patellar tendonitis can present as tendon degeneration that fails to heal due to tissue overload and incomplete recovery.Patellar tendonitis is a predisposition to high jumping and its pathogenesis has not been clearly defined.OBJECTIVE:To explore the stress-strain relationship of patellar tendon in the take-off technique of high jump through the finite element model with accurate human anatomical structure,so as to provide ideas for the prevention and rehabilitation of patellar tendinitis.METHODS:Based on the CT and MRI imaging data of the lower extremity(including the knee and ankle)of one subject(22 years old,183 cm height,70 kg body mass),a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower extremity was reconstructed using medical imaging software,reverse engineering software and modeling software.The plantar pressure of the take-off leg was collected in eight subjects by gait testing system,and the technical action of high jump take-off was collected by motion capture system.The captured data were imported into human sports biomechanics software for analysis,and kinematic and kinetic data were obtained as the boundary conditions of finite element model for finite element simulation analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The force borne by the patellar tendon reached 3.29 times of its own body mass when the subjects took off.In the take-off stage,the peak values of normal equivalent stress,strain and shear stress of the patellar tendon were 127.76 MPa,0.81 and 37.69 MPa,respectively,which were in the nonlinear region of the stress-strain curve,and the peak values were distributed in the proximal and posterior parts of patellar tendon.To conclude,the high patellar tendon force,strain and shear stress caused by the load of 3.29 times its own body mass during take-off are related to the induction of patellar tendinitis.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for revising the safety content of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） instructions. METHODS A systematic analysis was conducted on the relevant announcements on the revision of TCM instruction from 2013 to 2024， including the year of publication， drug name， drug formulation， announcement release time， and the average number of revisions made to three safety contents （contraindication， adverse drug reaction， and precaution）. According to the report data of national adverse drug reaction monitoring from 2013 to 2024， analyze the proportion of TCM in all adverse drug reactions， the composition ratio of adverse drug reaction of different dosage forms of drugs [TCM injection， oral TCM， other （topical） TCM]. RESULTS From 2013 to 2024， the National Medical Products Administration issued a total of 101 notices on the revision of TCM instruction， involving 241 types of TCM. Among them， there were 163 types of oral TCM， 25 types of TCM injection， and 53 types of other （topical） TCM. There were 3， 10 and 0 types of TCM injection， oral TCM， and other （topical） TCM with missing safety content， respectively. The main source of adverse drug reaction data for TCM injections was post- marketing monitoring data （accounting for 48.00%）； the main source of adverse drug reaction data for oral TCM was monitoring data （accounting for 71.17%）； 73.58% of other （topical） TCM did not mention the source of adverse drug reaction data. The report on national adverse drug reaction monitoring showed that the proportion of all adverse drug reactions of TCM had decreased from 17.3% in 2013 to 12.1% in 2024. Among them， the proportion of adverse drug reaction of TCM injection in the three dosage forms of TCM had decreased from 61.3% in 2015 to 24.6% in 2024， while the proportion of adverse drug reaction of oral TCM in the three dosage forms of TCM had increased from 34.7% in 2015 to 64.0% in 2024. CONCLUSIONS The risk management of TCM safety content has achieved results in China， but still faces three major challenges： strongdependence on passive monitoring， insufficient data traceability， and missing key content. It is urgent to improve safety content by dosage form， optimize data sources， and fully utilize real-world evidence to supplement safety content.

Objective: To explore the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution and depressive symptom among school aged children and adolescents, so as to provide evidences for informing constitution based regulation and prevention of depressive symptom. Methods: From June to December 2024, a total of 4 729 students aged 6-14 were recruited by cluster random sampling from 10 primary schools in Baoding (Hebei Province), Heze and Liaocheng (Shandong Province). General information, TCM constitution and depressive symptom were collected. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to analyze related factors and threshold effects of depressive symptom. Binary Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between depressive symptom and TCM constitution, with subgroup analyses conducted. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptom among the included children and adolescents was 25.82%. RCS analyses indicated non linear associations between depressive symptom and age (inflection point at 10 years old), bedtime (inflection point at 22:00), and wake up time (inflection point at 6:30 ) (all P non linearity <0.01). Linear associations were observed with body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration (all P non linearity > 0.05 ). After adjusting for covariates such as age, BMI and sleep status, binary Logistic regression analyses showed that Yin deficient constitution ( OR =1.26, 95% CI =1.09-1.45) and Phlegm-dampness constitution ( OR =1.42, 95% CI =1.11-1.82) were significantly associated with depressive symptom among children and adolescents (all P <0.05). Conclusions Depressive symptom among school aged children and adolescents is primarily associated with Yin deficiency and Phlegm dampness constitutions in TCM constitution. Active attention should be paid to susceptible TCM constitution among children and adolescents. Targeted health guidance and interventions should be implemented to improve TCM constitution health status for preventing the occurrence of depressive symptom.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome （PCOS） is a common endocrine and metabolic disease mainly occurring among women of childbearing age. Its main symptoms include menstrual disorders， acne， hirsutism， infertility， oily skin， acanthosis nigricans， and obesity. Currently， the etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS remain unclear. Classical formulas， which have rigorous compatibility， concise composition， precise alignment with syndromes， and definitive therapeutic effects， demonstrate unique practical and scientific value in the treatment of PCOS. These formulas exhibit significant clinical efficacy， mild adverse effects， and sustained therapeutic outcomes. To explore the current status and mechanisms of classical formulas in treating PCOS， on the basis of Zhang Zhongjing's academic thoughts on gynecological diseases， this paper reviewed the relevant literature on the treatment of PCOS with classical formulas in recent years. The findings reveal that the pathogenesis of PCOS predominantly involves a combination of internal deficiency and superficial excess， closely related to dysfunction of the liver， spleen， and kidney. The root cause lies in deficiency， and on this basis， there are also symptoms of qi stagnation， blood stasis， phlegm obstruction， and dampness encumbrance. Commonly used classical formulas for treating this disease include Guizhi Fuling pills， Danggui Shaoyao powder， Wenjing decoction， and Jingui Shenqi pills. These classical formulas have good clinical efficacy in treating PCOS. Their mechanisms of action may be related to improving serum levels of sex hormones， increasing the dominant follicle diameter and endometrial thickness， alleviating insulin resistance， lowering glucose and lipid metabolism， inhibiting oxidative and inflammatory reactions in the ovarian tissue， regulating the intestinal flora， correcting the flora disorder， protecting the intestinal barrier function， and regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. The above research results can help doctors use classical formulas flexibly， broaden diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PCOS and provide ideas for improving the traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment plan for PCOS.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome （PCOS） is a common endocrine and metabolic disease mainly occurring among women of childbearing age. Its main symptoms include menstrual disorders， acne， hirsutism， infertility， oily skin， acanthosis nigricans， and obesity. Currently， the etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS remain unclear. Classical formulas， which have rigorous compatibility， concise composition， precise alignment with syndromes， and definitive therapeutic effects， demonstrate unique practical and scientific value in the treatment of PCOS. These formulas exhibit significant clinical efficacy， mild adverse effects， and sustained therapeutic outcomes. To explore the current status and mechanisms of classical formulas in treating PCOS， on the basis of Zhang Zhongjing's academic thoughts on gynecological diseases， this paper reviewed the relevant literature on the treatment of PCOS with classical formulas in recent years. The findings reveal that the pathogenesis of PCOS predominantly involves a combination of internal deficiency and superficial excess， closely related to dysfunction of the liver， spleen， and kidney. The root cause lies in deficiency， and on this basis， there are also symptoms of qi stagnation， blood stasis， phlegm obstruction， and dampness encumbrance. Commonly used classical formulas for treating this disease include Guizhi Fuling pills， Danggui Shaoyao powder， Wenjing decoction， and Jingui Shenqi pills. These classical formulas have good clinical efficacy in treating PCOS. Their mechanisms of action may be related to improving serum levels of sex hormones， increasing the dominant follicle diameter and endometrial thickness， alleviating insulin resistance， lowering glucose and lipid metabolism， inhibiting oxidative and inflammatory reactions in the ovarian tissue， regulating the intestinal flora， correcting the flora disorder， protecting the intestinal barrier function， and regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. The above research results can help doctors use classical formulas flexibly， broaden diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PCOS and provide ideas for improving the traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment plan for PCOS.

Objective: To investigate the correlation among α2, 6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-Ⅰ), CD36 desialylation, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in phorbol ester (PMA)-induced MEG-01 cell model, as well as their potential mechanism in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: MEG-01 cells were treated with 10 ng/mL PMA for 48 hours (control group: 0.1% DMSO). Flow cytometry was used to detect cell surface markers: desialylation (CD41 RCA ) and α2, 6-sialylation (CD41 SNA ). Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expressions of ST6Gal-Ⅰ, CD36, and Cav-1. Results: Flow cytometry analysis revealed that, compared with the control group (set as 100%), the proportion of CD41 RCA positive cells in the MEG-01 cells after PMA intervention significantly increased to (127.79±2.01)%, while the proportion of CD41 SNA positive cells significantly decreased to (78.09±1.76)% (both P<0.05). Western blot analysis results showed that, compared with the control group, PMA intervention significantly downregulated the expression of ST6Gal-Ⅰ protein (0.602±0.023 vs 0.768±0.068) and Cav-1 protein (1.012±0.028 vs 1.253±0.068) (both P<0.05), while significantly upregulating the expression of CD36 protein (0.936±0.033 vs 0.694±0.070, P<0.05). Conclusion: PMA can significantly inhibit the expression of ST6Gal-Ⅰ, accompanied by increased desialylation (β-galactose exposure), elevated CD36, and downregulated Cav-1. These changes suggest that the increased exposure of CD36 antigen and the disorder of membrane microenvironment may be involved in the pathological process of ITP, providing a new direction for mechanism research.

Objective To investigate the disease characteristics, potential drug interactions, and key points of pharmaceutical care in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and atrial fibrillation, so as to provide a reference for rational clinical medication use. Methods Through involvement in the pharmaceutical care of a patient with inflammatory bowel disease and atrial fibrillation, and by reviewing relevant literature, the clinical pharmacist assessed the rationality of the medication regimen, proposed medication reconciliation recommendations, and assisted the multidisciplinary team in optimizing the treatment plan. Results Following the intervention, the patient's inflammatory bowel disease-related symptoms were improved significantly, atrial fibrillation was effectively controlled, and no significant adverse drug reactions were observed. Conclusion There exists a complex bidirectional interaction between inflammatory bowel disease and atrial fibrillation in terms of pathological mechanisms and pharmacotherapy. Through individualized medication reconciliation and multidisciplinary pharmaceutical care, safe and effective long-term management of those patients can be achieved.