Objective:To propose suggestions for the revision of quality standard of steviol glycosides through research on its major manufacturer's products.Methods:The inspection items in the current quality standards were inspected,with domestic and international quality standard of steviol glycosides.Results:Specific rotation was from-33.39° to-39.50°,pH was from 5.3 to 6.7,impurity absorbency was lower than 0.096 0,while the contents of weight loss on drying were lower than 5.0％,residue on ignition were lower than 0.043％,methanol residual were lower than 0.01％,ethanol residual were lower than 0.06％,residue on arsenic were lower than 0.000 054％,lead wasn't detected.The content of rebaudioside A and 13 kinds of steviol glycosides were 8.23％-68.48％and 85.78％-96.13％.Conclusion:The main components of the commercial steviol glycosides products were rebaudioside A and stevioside,with low safety risk of elemental impurities and solvent residues.It provided suggestions for the revision of quality standard of steviol glycosides in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Objective:To propose suggestions for the revision of quality standard of steviol glycosides through research on its major manufacturer's products.Methods:The inspection items in the current quality standards were inspected,with domestic and international quality standard of steviol glycosides.Results:Specific rotation was from-33.39° to-39.50°,pH was from 5.3 to 6.7,impurity absorbency was lower than 0.096 0,while the contents of weight loss on drying were lower than 5.0％,residue on ignition were lower than 0.043％,methanol residual were lower than 0.01％,ethanol residual were lower than 0.06％,residue on arsenic were lower than 0.000 054％,lead wasn't detected.The content of rebaudioside A and 13 kinds of steviol glycosides were 8.23％-68.48％and 85.78％-96.13％.Conclusion:The main components of the commercial steviol glycosides products were rebaudioside A and stevioside,with low safety risk of elemental impurities and solvent residues.It provided suggestions for the revision of quality standard of steviol glycosides in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have become a high risk population of HIV infection due to their risky sexual behaviors. The latent pattern of psychosocial characteristics plays an important effect in HIV-related risky behaviors among HIV-negative MSM. METHOD: Participants were recruited from Wuhan, Nanchang, and Changsha city from September 2017 to January 2018. Social support was assessed by the multidimensional scale of social support, Connor-Davidson Resilience scale-10 items for reliance, the assessment of Stigma towards Homosexuality for sexual minority stigma, the Likert subscale of nondisclosure for identity concealment, the ACE questionnaire-Kaiser-CDC for adverse childhood experience, the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for depression. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Three psychosocial characteristic patterns were revealed by the LPA. "Social support and resilience group" (SR group), "Identity concealment group" (IC group) and "Adverse childhood experience" (ACE group) were identified, respectively. In comparison with "SR group", "IC group" have a higher likelihood of one-night male partners (AOR = 2.74, 95%CI = [1.54, 4.90]), both fixed and one-night male partners (AOR = 2.01, 95%CI = [1.34, 3.01]) and HIV-unsure male partner (AOR = 2.12, 95%CI = [1.44, 3.13]). Similarly, "ACE group" were more likely having inconsistent condom use (AOR = 2.58, 95%CI = [1.41, 4.73]), and having sex with HIV-positive male partner (AOR = 4.90, 95%CI = [1.95, 12.30]) with comparison of "SR group". In addition, we further revealed that "ACE group" had a higher ratio (90.0%) of inconsistent condom use among MSM whose male partners were HIV-positive. CONCLUSIONS Six important psychosocial factors were divided into three latent pattern classes. Compared with "SR group", "IC group" and "ACE group" were more likely to engage in HIV-related risky sexual behaviors. Further research may pay more attention to "IC group" and "ACE group" for targeted intervention.
Humans ; Male ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; Homosexuality, Male/psychology* ; Risk Factors ; Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology* ; Sexual Behavior/psychology*

A 45-year-old male patient underwent craniotomy and biopsy for intracranial lesions. In order to prevent epilepsy, sodium valproate 800 mg dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride injection 8 ml was injected intravenously after operation, and then the sodium valproate solution of this concentration was continuously pumped at a speed of 0.6 ml/h. One hour after administration, the serum lactate level of the patient increased gradually, reaching the highest level of 14.7 mmol/L, accompanied by metabolic acidosis and compensatory respiratory alkalosis, and with the lowest pH of 7.09 and the lowest base excess of -26.3. The patient fell into a coma. The hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis were considered to be related to sodium valproate. Sodium valproate was stopped, intravenous infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate injection and blood purification were given at the same time. After 3 days, the lactate level of the patient returned to normal, metabolic acidosis was basically corrected, and his mind was clear.

A 45-year-old male patient underwent craniotomy and biopsy for intracranial lesions. In order to prevent epilepsy, sodium valproate 800 mg dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride injection 8 ml was injected intravenously after operation, and then the sodium valproate solution of this concentration was continuously pumped at a speed of 0.6 ml/h. One hour after administration, the serum lactate level of the patient increased gradually, reaching the highest level of 14.7 mmol/L, accompanied by metabolic acidosis and compensatory respiratory alkalosis, and with the lowest pH of 7.09 and the lowest base excess of -26.3. The patient fell into a coma. The hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis were considered to be related to sodium valproate. Sodium valproate was stopped, intravenous infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate injection and blood purification were given at the same time. After 3 days, the lactate level of the patient returned to normal, metabolic acidosis was basically corrected, and his mind was clear.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol contraceptive tablets induced cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST). Methods Five cases with desogestrel and ethinylestradiol contraceptive tablets induced CVST,including 4 cases from Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University and 1 case from domestic literature report,were collected and analyzed. Results The age of the 5 patients was 19-49 years old,and the average age was(37 ± 12)years. One case was overweight. Causes for using drugs were respectively functional uterine bleeding(3 cases),menstrual disorder(1 case)and contraception(1 case),dosage was 1 tablet once daily(take 21 d,stop 7 d,and start the next cycle). One case had overdose before onset(8 tablets). The duration of the drug use was 27 d to 5 years(27 d,50 d and 2,3,5 years). The patients all developed headache(3 cases had severe head pain),consciousness disorder(4 cases),nausea and vomiting(3 cases),and secondary epilepsy (1 case). The results of 5 cases of Naranjo score≥ 7,namely,the correlation between desogestrel and ethinylestradiol tablets with CVST was highly likely. Of four patients admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University length of stay for 10-40 d,after the intracranial venous sinus thrombectomy,embolectomy and anticoagulant therapy,1 case fully recovered,1 case had left limbs dyskinesia,1 case had legacy dysarthria,and 1 case shifted from coma to lethargy(the patient could open eyes autologously). The case from domestic literature was hospitalized for 30 d,and recovered after anticoagulation treatment. Conclusions The initial symptoms of CVST were non-specific due to the use of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol contraceptive tablets. The patients who had headache after taking the drugs should be considered about CVST and should be screened for the diagnosis as soon as possible. It is better to stop the medicine in time and receive treatment for the adverse effects.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol contraceptive tablets induced cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST). Methods Five cases with desogestrel and ethinylestradiol contraceptive tablets induced CVST,including 4 cases from Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University and 1 case from domestic literature report,were collected and analyzed. Results The age of the 5 patients was 19-49 years old,and the average age was(37 ± 12)years. One case was overweight. Causes for using drugs were respectively functional uterine bleeding(3 cases),menstrual disorder(1 case)and contraception(1 case),dosage was 1 tablet once daily(take 21 d,stop 7 d,and start the next cycle). One case had overdose before onset(8 tablets). The duration of the drug use was 27 d to 5 years(27 d,50 d and 2,3,5 years). The patients all developed headache(3 cases had severe head pain),consciousness disorder(4 cases),nausea and vomiting(3 cases),and secondary epilepsy (1 case). The results of 5 cases of Naranjo score≥ 7,namely,the correlation between desogestrel and ethinylestradiol tablets with CVST was highly likely. Of four patients admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University length of stay for 10-40 d,after the intracranial venous sinus thrombectomy,embolectomy and anticoagulant therapy,1 case fully recovered,1 case had left limbs dyskinesia,1 case had legacy dysarthria,and 1 case shifted from coma to lethargy(the patient could open eyes autologously). The case from domestic literature was hospitalized for 30 d,and recovered after anticoagulation treatment. Conclusions The initial symptoms of CVST were non-specific due to the use of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol contraceptive tablets. The patients who had headache after taking the drugs should be considered about CVST and should be screened for the diagnosis as soon as possible. It is better to stop the medicine in time and receive treatment for the adverse effects.