Teaching clinics represent a unique form of outpatient training of resident physicians and serve as a crucial instrument and core component of standardized training of general practice residents. This article reviews the common model and innovations of teaching clinics of general practice in China, and analyzes their reported effectiveness in enhancing the capabilities of consultation of resident physicians, the teaching capabilities of general practice trainers, as well as satisfaction levels of involved participants. It outlines the challenges encountered in implementing teaching clinics, including inadequate teaching facilities and equipment, incomplete incentive system for teaching, difficulties in patient recruitment, and weaknesses in the teaching capabilities of trainers. To address these challenges, this article proposes corresponding strategies based on realistic needs, including the improvement of facilities and equipment in teaching clinics, the establishment of incentive systems for teaching clinics, the expansion of patient recruitment channels for teaching clinics, and the enhancement of training for trainers' teaching capabilities. This is envisaged to provide both theoretical bases and practical guidance for the effective execution and standardized development of teaching clinics in general practice residency training bases.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of multiple ovarian cysts with mixed pituitary adenomas.Methods:The clinical materials of two patients with multiple ovarian cysts and mixed pituitary adenoma were analyzed, and associated literatures were reviewed.Results:The diagnosis and treatment of the first case were timely and accurate, which not only restored the endocrine function, but also naturally conceived and gave birth. Case 2 suffered from irreversible damage to the ovary after misdiagnosis and mistreatment in the early stage, leading to early menopause.Conclusion:When multiple ovarian cysts continue to occur in women of childbearing age, detailed endocrine examination and pituitary imaging examination are essential for the establishment of diagnosis. After removing the cause of the disease, the ovaries can return to normal, so as to avoid unnecessary ovarian surgery.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of multiple ovarian cysts with mixed pituitary adenomas.Methods:The clinical materials of two patients with multiple ovarian cysts and mixed pituitary adenoma were analyzed, and associated literatures were reviewed.Results:The diagnosis and treatment of the first case were timely and accurate, which not only restored the endocrine function, but also naturally conceived and gave birth. Case 2 suffered from irreversible damage to the ovary after misdiagnosis and mistreatment in the early stage, leading to early menopause.Conclusion:When multiple ovarian cysts continue to occur in women of childbearing age, detailed endocrine examination and pituitary imaging examination are essential for the establishment of diagnosis. After removing the cause of the disease, the ovaries can return to normal, so as to avoid unnecessary ovarian surgery.

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) accounts for the majority of total Ser/Thr phosphatase activities in most cell types and regulates many biological processes. PP2A holoenzymes contain a scaffold A subunit, a catalytic C subunit, and one of the regulatory/targeting B subunits. How the B subunit controls PP2A localization and substrate specificity, which is a crucial aspect of PP2A regulation, remains poorly understood. The kinetochore is a critical site for PP2A functioning, where PP2A orchestrates chromosome segregation through its interactions with BubR1. The PP2A-BubR1 interaction plays important roles in both spindle checkpoint silencing and stable microtubule-kinetochore attachment. Here we present the crystal structure of a PP2A B56-BubR1 complex, which demonstrates that a conserved BubR1 LxxIxE motif binds to the concave side of the B56 pseudo-HEAT repeats. The BubR1 motif binds to a groove formed between B56 HEAT repeats 3 and 4, which is quite distant from the B56 binding surface for PP2A catalytic C subunit and thus is unlikely to affect PP2A activity. In addition, the BubR1 binding site on B56 is far from the B56 binding site of shugoshin, another kinetochore PP2A-binding protein, and thus BubR1 and shugoshin can potentially interact with PP2A-B56 simultaneously. Our structural and biochemical analysis indicates that other proteins with the LxxIxE motif may also bind to the same PP2A B56 surface. Thus, our structure of the PP2A B56-BubR1 complex provides important insights into how the B56 subunit directs the recruitment of PP2A to specific targets.
Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Multienzyme Complexes ; chemistry ; Protein Phosphatase 2 ; chemistry ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; chemistry