Based on the theory of evidence-based medicine （EBM）， this paper systematically constructed a multi-dimensional evaluation framework for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） appropriate technologies， encompassing three core dimensions including evidence， practitioner， and patient. For the current practical challenges in the promotion of TCM technologies such as lack of high-quality evidence， inconsistent operational standards， and varying patient acceptance， the paper proposed the integration of published literature evidence and real-world research data to construct a scientific and applicable evaluation pathway. Regarding the evidence dimension， it emphasizes syste-matic assessment of effectiveness， safety， and economic efficiency， introducing methods like the target trial emulation framework to enhance evidence quality； for the practitioner dimension， it suggests developing multi-aspects competency evaluation tools based on educational background， training assessment， and clinical outcomes； for the patient dimension， it recommends designing patient acceptance assessment tools by considering factors such as technical characte-ristics， expected efficacy， patient-practitioner interaction， and the availability of alternative treatments. The purpose of the above measures is to provide methodological support for the standardized popularization and precision application of TCM appropriate technologies.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,artificial intelligence has been increasingly integrated into the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation,enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic procedures and diversifying therapeutic approaches.This integration has positioned artificial intelligence as a burgeoning focal point within the field.OBJECTIVE:To provide a comprehensive overview of the current applications of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation,to analyze the limitations of the relevant technologies.METHODS:A systematic computer-assisted literature search was performed in PubMed,CNKI,WanFang Database,and VIP Database for relevant publications regarding the application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation from database inception up to August 2024.The search keywords included"lumbar disc herniation,artificial intelligence,machine learning,deep learning,big data,robot,neural network,model,algorithm."A total of 101 articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and were reviewed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different artificial intelligence technologies have propelled the intelligent treatment of lumbar disc herniation,showing great potential for future development.Deep learning technology,based on advanced algorithms,constructs corresponding learning models to optimize the processing of X-ray,CT,and MRI images,achieving precise localization,identification,and analysis of degenerated intervertebral discs,and improving the accuracy of automated diagnosis.Big data technology utilizes data platforms to analyze vast medical data,simulate disease development trends,and provide a new perspective for disease assessment and prediction.Surgical robots,combined with robotic arms,3D high-definition vision systems,and 5G communication technology,support remote precise surgical operations,demonstrating significant technological advantages.In the future,the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation by artificial intelligence will evolve towards standardization,efficiency,and precision through continuous optimization of algorithms and the professional development of data platforms.

Objective To investigate the effects of low background radiation environments in deep underground settings on the biological behavior of NP69 human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells(NP69 cells)and the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods A parallel control experimental design was adopted and NP69 cells were synchronously cultured in settings of three underground depths at the China in situ Deep-Underground Facility&Life Observatory(DeUFO)—ground level(DeUFO-0 m),1 000 m underground(DeUFO-1 000 m),and 1 500 m underground(DeUFO-1 500 m).Changes in cell proliferation and migration capabilities were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay and scratch assay,respectively.High-throughput RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)was performed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs were performed using the Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)databases.Results CCK-8 assay revealed that,after 72 h of culture,the absorbance value of the DeUFO-0 m group was 1.35 times and 1.27 times those of the those of the DeUFO-1 000 m and DeUFO-1 500 m groups,respectively(both P<0.000 1).After 96 h of culture,the absorbance value of the DeUFO-0 m group was 1.52 times and 1.41 times those of the DeUFO-1 000 m and DeUFO-1 500 m groups,respectively(both P<0.000 1).Colony formation assays revealed that the number of cell colonies in the DeUFO-0 m group was 1.59 times and 1.27 times those in the DeUFO-1 000 m group and DeUFO-1 500 m group,respectively(both P<0.001).The scratch assay revealed that the 36-hour wound healing rate of the DeUFO-0 m group was 2.22 times and 4.00 times those of the DeUFO-1 000 m group and DeUFO-1 500 m group,respectively(both P<0.000 1).Transwell assays revealed that the number of migrating cells in the DeUFO-0 m group was 2.08 times and 2.56 times those in the DeUFO-1 000 m group and DeUFO-1 500 m group,respectively(both P<0.000 1).Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed consistent upregulation of CELF2,CELF4,CGB8,GRHL2,and DMRTA2 genes in the DeUFO-1 000 m and DeUFO-1 500 m groups.Pathway enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling-associated pathways and gene expression regulation pathways in the experimental groups(false discovery rate[FDR]<0.05).Conclusion The low background radiation environment in deep underground settings suppresses the proliferation and migration activities of NP69 cells by mediating ECM remodeling and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms through the regulation of target genes such as the CELF family.This study provides experimental evidence for establishing a dose-response relationship between environmental radiation and cellular effects.

Objective To explore the prescription and preparation technology of compound Bupleurum suppository and draft its quality standard.Methods The volatile oil of Bupleurum was extracted by steam distillation,and the compound Bupleurum-based suppository was prepared by mixing the volatile oil with taurine using the melting method.The quality standard of the preparation was formulated according to the quality inspection items of the general rule 0107 of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2020 Edition,Volume IV);The contents of n-hexanoic acid and n-heptanoic acid in the preparation were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The content of taurine in the preparation was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The optimized distillation time of the volatile oil was 1.5 h,The linear ranges of n-hexanoic acid,n-heptanoic acid and taurine are 23.175 0-115.875 0 μg·mL-1(R2=0.999 4),4.590 0-68.850 0 μg·mL-1(R2=0.998 9)and 15-125 μg·mL-1(R2=0.999 6),respectively.The average recoveries are 99.83%,101.96%,98.89%with RSDs of 2.84%,1.36%,2.88%,respectively.The RSDs of precision,stability,and repeatability tests are less than 5%.The properties,mass difference,melting time,microbial limit,and stability assessment of the preparationwere all in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.Conclusion Compound Bupleurum suppository preparation technology is reasonable and feasible,which meets the quality standard.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii,detect the distribution of its β-lactamase genes and efflux pump genes,and analyze the relationship between β-lactamase genes and efflux pump genes and the drug resistance of the strains.METHODS Acinetobacter baumannii strains clinically isolated from Jun.2021 to Jun.2022 in Dujiangyan People's Hospital were collected and tested for anti-microbial resistance.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technology was used to amplify the β-lactamase genes as well as the efflux pump genes of Acinetobacter baumannii.PaβN was performed to test the efflux pump pheno-type.RESULTS The drug resistance rates of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(IRAB)to cefopera-zone,ceftazidime,cefepime,imipenem,and meropenem were 14.29％,85.71％,91.43％,100.00％and 100.00％,respectively,significantly higher than those of imipenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii(ISAB)(P＜0.05).The detection rates of OXA-23,OXA-51,and IMP-1 in IRAB strains were 45.71％,62.86％and 65.71％,respectively,higher than those in ISAB strains(P＜0.05).The detection rates of the efflux pump genes adeB,adeS,and adeG in IRAB strains were 60.00％,71.43％and 68.57％,respectively,higher than those in ISAB strains(P＜0.05).In addition,the positive rate of the efflux pump phenotype in the IRAB group was 54.29％,significantly higher than 7.69％in the ISAB group(P＜0.001).CONCLUSION The detection rates of β-lactamase genes(such as OXA-23,OXA-51 and IMP-1 etc.)and efflux pump genes(adeB,adeS and adeG)in IRAB are significantly higher than those in the ISAB,and the positive rate of the efflux pump phenotype in IRAB is higher,which confirms that β-lactamase genes and efflux pump genes are important mechanisms of drug resistance in the bacterium.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,artificial intelligence has been increasingly integrated into the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation,enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic procedures and diversifying therapeutic approaches.This integration has positioned artificial intelligence as a burgeoning focal point within the field.OBJECTIVE:To provide a comprehensive overview of the current applications of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation,to analyze the limitations of the relevant technologies.METHODS:A systematic computer-assisted literature search was performed in PubMed,CNKI,WanFang Database,and VIP Database for relevant publications regarding the application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation from database inception up to August 2024.The search keywords included"lumbar disc herniation,artificial intelligence,machine learning,deep learning,big data,robot,neural network,model,algorithm."A total of 101 articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and were reviewed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different artificial intelligence technologies have propelled the intelligent treatment of lumbar disc herniation,showing great potential for future development.Deep learning technology,based on advanced algorithms,constructs corresponding learning models to optimize the processing of X-ray,CT,and MRI images,achieving precise localization,identification,and analysis of degenerated intervertebral discs,and improving the accuracy of automated diagnosis.Big data technology utilizes data platforms to analyze vast medical data,simulate disease development trends,and provide a new perspective for disease assessment and prediction.Surgical robots,combined with robotic arms,3D high-definition vision systems,and 5G communication technology,support remote precise surgical operations,demonstrating significant technological advantages.In the future,the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation by artificial intelligence will evolve towards standardization,efficiency,and precision through continuous optimization of algorithms and the professional development of data platforms.

Objective To explore the prescription and preparation technology of compound Bupleurum suppository and draft its quality standard.Methods The volatile oil of Bupleurum was extracted by steam distillation,and the compound Bupleurum-based suppository was prepared by mixing the volatile oil with taurine using the melting method.The quality standard of the preparation was formulated according to the quality inspection items of the general rule 0107 of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2020 Edition,Volume IV);The contents of n-hexanoic acid and n-heptanoic acid in the preparation were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The content of taurine in the preparation was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The optimized distillation time of the volatile oil was 1.5 h,The linear ranges of n-hexanoic acid,n-heptanoic acid and taurine are 23.175 0-115.875 0 μg·mL-1(R2=0.999 4),4.590 0-68.850 0 μg·mL-1(R2=0.998 9)and 15-125 μg·mL-1(R2=0.999 6),respectively.The average recoveries are 99.83%,101.96%,98.89%with RSDs of 2.84%,1.36%,2.88%,respectively.The RSDs of precision,stability,and repeatability tests are less than 5%.The properties,mass difference,melting time,microbial limit,and stability assessment of the preparationwere all in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.Conclusion Compound Bupleurum suppository preparation technology is reasonable and feasible,which meets the quality standard.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii,detect the distribution of its β-lactamase genes and efflux pump genes,and analyze the relationship between β-lactamase genes and efflux pump genes and the drug resistance of the strains.METHODS Acinetobacter baumannii strains clinically isolated from Jun.2021 to Jun.2022 in Dujiangyan People's Hospital were collected and tested for anti-microbial resistance.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technology was used to amplify the β-lactamase genes as well as the efflux pump genes of Acinetobacter baumannii.PaβN was performed to test the efflux pump pheno-type.RESULTS The drug resistance rates of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(IRAB)to cefopera-zone,ceftazidime,cefepime,imipenem,and meropenem were 14.29％,85.71％,91.43％,100.00％and 100.00％,respectively,significantly higher than those of imipenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii(ISAB)(P＜0.05).The detection rates of OXA-23,OXA-51,and IMP-1 in IRAB strains were 45.71％,62.86％and 65.71％,respectively,higher than those in ISAB strains(P＜0.05).The detection rates of the efflux pump genes adeB,adeS,and adeG in IRAB strains were 60.00％,71.43％and 68.57％,respectively,higher than those in ISAB strains(P＜0.05).In addition,the positive rate of the efflux pump phenotype in the IRAB group was 54.29％,significantly higher than 7.69％in the ISAB group(P＜0.001).CONCLUSION The detection rates of β-lactamase genes(such as OXA-23,OXA-51 and IMP-1 etc.)and efflux pump genes(adeB,adeS and adeG)in IRAB are significantly higher than those in the ISAB,and the positive rate of the efflux pump phenotype in IRAB is higher,which confirms that β-lactamase genes and efflux pump genes are important mechanisms of drug resistance in the bacterium.

Objective:Through comprehensive analysis of symptoms and signs, biochemistry, imaging, and dynamic tests, to explore the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma(TSH adenoma) and syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone(RTH).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 14 patients who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2016 to September 2022, exhibiting elevated levels of free thyroxine(FT4) and free triiodothyronine(FT3) in the presence of increased TSH.Results:There were 7 cases of TSH adenoma and 7 cases of RTH, with the average age of diagnosis at 40.0 years and 26.6 years, respectively. Thirteen patients showed thyrotoxicosis or occasional palpitation, some with pituitary occupancy manifestations or abnormal growth and development; One patient presented with neck thickening. Sex hormone binding globulin was elevated in 3 cases of TSH adenoma. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging showed that all 7 cases of TSH adenoma were macroadenomas and 1 case of RTH was microadenoma. The octreotide suppression test in 13 patients was inhibited, but there was a significant difference in the inhibition rate of 24 h/2 h TSH inhibition rate of TSH adenoma and RTH, ranging from 46.6% to 83.9% and 4.6% to 28.8% respectively. Six cases of RTH had thyroid hormone receptor β mutation.Conclusion:Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of thyrotropin is a rare condition, mainly including TSH adenoma and RTH. The diagnosis and differentiation of the two conditions require comprehensive assessment incorporating family history, symptoms and signs, laboratory tests, dynamic test, and genetic test. Among these, the 24 h/2 h TSH inhibition rate of octreotide suppression test can effectively distinguish TSH adenoma from RTH.

【Objective】 To explore the relationship between the storage time of leukodepleted red blood cells and transfusion adverse reactions by analyzing the occurrence of transfusion adverse reactions of patients after leukodepleted red blood cells transfusion from four hospitals. 【Methods】 By using the electronic medical record management system, the collection and transfusion dates of leukodepleted red blood cells from four hospitals in Enshi Prefecture from 2018 to 2022, as well as the information on transfusion adverse reactions, were retrieved. 【Results】 From 2018 to 2022, a total of 697 61 bags of leukodepleted red blood cells were transfused in four hospitals, resulting in 166 cases of transfusion adverse reactions, among which 93 were allergic reactions, 63 were non hemolytic febrile reactions, and 10 were others, with a total incidence rate of transfusion adverse reactions at 0.24%. The average storage time of leukodepleted red blood cells with and without transfusion adverse reactions was (20.25±6.31) and (19.88±5.50) days, respectively. With a storage time of 7 days as the threshold, the incidence of transfusion adverse reactions was the lowest for a storage time of 15~21 days. The incidence of transfusion adverse reactions of leukodepleted red blood cells in two groups (with storage days ≤21 days and >21 days) was not statistically significant(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Allergic reactions were the main type of transfusion adverse reaction caused by leukodepleted red blood cells, and the incidence of transfusion adverse reactions decreased and then increased with the prolongation of the storage time of leukodepleted red blood cells. There was no significant difference in the incidence of transfusion adverse reactions with leukodepleted red blood cells stored for ≤ 21 days and >21 days.