Objective:To explore the influence of different scanning positions based on chest phantom of computed tomography(CT)scan on chest on image quality and radiation dose.Methods:A thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)was placed at the breast area of simulating anthropoid chest phantom.GE Revolution evo CT was used to conduct scan on the conventional supine position(supine group)and prone position(prone group)for chest phantom.Different noise indexes(NI=10-23)were adjusted to control ration doses,and other parameters were fixed,and each group collected 12 sequence images.The average value(AV),standard deviation(SD)of the CT scan at region of interest(ROI)under different scanning positions were recorded to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the image.The radiation dose at the breast area was measured by TLD,and the volume CT dose index(CTDIvol)and dose-length product(DLP)were recorded.Results:Under different scanning positions,the radiation dose of breast organs in the prone group was lower than that in the supine group,there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(t=6.57,P<0.05),while there were not statistically significant differences in CTDIvol and DLP between the two groups(P>0.05).There were not statistically significant differences in the CT values,SD,SNR,CNR of lung tissue,and the CT values of breast tissue between the two groups of images(P>0.05).The SD,SNR and CNR of breast tissue in the prone group were lower than those in the supine group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-13.33,-10.59,6.70,P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the subjective scores of the clarity of the edge of the tissue within lung,the layers of soft tissue of the breast,noise,and artifacts in the bone tissue between the two groups of images(P>0.05).Conclusion:When low-dose CT physical examination on chest is conducted in clinical practice,the scanning of prone position during undergoing CT scan on chest can obtain image quality that can meet the requirements in diagnosing lung,and reduce the radiation dose on the breast,and conform to the technical principle of optimal radiation protection.

Objective To systematically evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of different oral Chinese patent medicine combined with hormone replacement therapy(HRT)in the treatment of ovarian hypofunction related diseases.Methods Relevant randomized controlled studies on Chinese patent medicine combined with HRT for the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency,diminished ovarian reserve,premature ovarian failure were systematically searched in CNKI,WanFang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,and WOS databases,and the network Meta-analysis was performed using R 4.1.0 software.Results Eighty-three randomized controlled studies were included,with 3819 cases in the control group and 3844 cases in the experimental group,involving a total of 14 Chinese patent medicine(Kuntai capsule,Peikun pill,Zuogui pill,Heche Dazao capsule,Zishen Yutai pill,Fuke Yangrong capsule,Liuwei Dihuang pill,Rentaipan tablet,Guishen pill,Huanshao capsule,Qilin pill,Tiaojing Cuyun pill,Fufang Ejiao plasma,and Zuogui pill+Ruogui pill).The results of network Meta-analysis showed that:①Lowering of follicle stimulating hormone:the top 3 in the ranking were Zishen Yutai pill,Liuwei Dihuang pill,Fuke Yangrong capsule combined with HRT.② Increasing antral follicle counting:the top 3 in the ranking were Zuogui pill,Fuke Yangrong capsule,Zuogui pill+Ruogui pill combined with HRT.③Elevating of anti-Müllerian tube hormones:the top 3 in the ranking were Rentaipan tablet,Liuwei Dihuang pill,Kuntai capsule combined with HRT.④ Lowering Kupperman's score:the top 1 in the ranking was Kuntai capsule+HRT.⑤ Increasing in overall efficiency:the top 3 in the ranking were Fufang Ejiao plasma+HRT,Guishen pill+HRT,Zishen Yutai pill+HRT.The adverse events of combined HRT with oral Chinese patent medicine were mainly gastrointestinal discomfort,dizziness and headache,breast distension and pain.Conclusion The combination of oral Chinese patent medicine with HRT can better improve ovarian function and alleviate perimenopausal symptoms.For patients with fertility requirements,priority should be given to Fuke Yangrong capsule or Liuwei Dihuang pill combined with HRT to improve FSH levels and increase follicular reserve.For patients with obvious perimenopausal symptoms,priority should be given to Kuntai capsule combined with HRT to alleviate the symptoms.And Fufang Ejiao plasma,Guishen pill,Zishen Yutai pill combined with HRT should be given to increase the overall effective rate of the treatment.

Objective To systematically evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of different oral Chinese patent medicine combined with hormone replacement therapy(HRT)in the treatment of ovarian hypofunction related diseases.Methods Relevant randomized controlled studies on Chinese patent medicine combined with HRT for the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency,diminished ovarian reserve,premature ovarian failure were systematically searched in CNKI,WanFang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,and WOS databases,and the network Meta-analysis was performed using R 4.1.0 software.Results Eighty-three randomized controlled studies were included,with 3819 cases in the control group and 3844 cases in the experimental group,involving a total of 14 Chinese patent medicine(Kuntai capsule,Peikun pill,Zuogui pill,Heche Dazao capsule,Zishen Yutai pill,Fuke Yangrong capsule,Liuwei Dihuang pill,Rentaipan tablet,Guishen pill,Huanshao capsule,Qilin pill,Tiaojing Cuyun pill,Fufang Ejiao plasma,and Zuogui pill+Ruogui pill).The results of network Meta-analysis showed that:①Lowering of follicle stimulating hormone:the top 3 in the ranking were Zishen Yutai pill,Liuwei Dihuang pill,Fuke Yangrong capsule combined with HRT.② Increasing antral follicle counting:the top 3 in the ranking were Zuogui pill,Fuke Yangrong capsule,Zuogui pill+Ruogui pill combined with HRT.③Elevating of anti-Müllerian tube hormones:the top 3 in the ranking were Rentaipan tablet,Liuwei Dihuang pill,Kuntai capsule combined with HRT.④ Lowering Kupperman's score:the top 1 in the ranking was Kuntai capsule+HRT.⑤ Increasing in overall efficiency:the top 3 in the ranking were Fufang Ejiao plasma+HRT,Guishen pill+HRT,Zishen Yutai pill+HRT.The adverse events of combined HRT with oral Chinese patent medicine were mainly gastrointestinal discomfort,dizziness and headache,breast distension and pain.Conclusion The combination of oral Chinese patent medicine with HRT can better improve ovarian function and alleviate perimenopausal symptoms.For patients with fertility requirements,priority should be given to Fuke Yangrong capsule or Liuwei Dihuang pill combined with HRT to improve FSH levels and increase follicular reserve.For patients with obvious perimenopausal symptoms,priority should be given to Kuntai capsule combined with HRT to alleviate the symptoms.And Fufang Ejiao plasma,Guishen pill,Zishen Yutai pill combined with HRT should be given to increase the overall effective rate of the treatment.

Objective:To explore the influence of different scanning positions based on chest phantom of computed tomography(CT)scan on chest on image quality and radiation dose.Methods:A thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)was placed at the breast area of simulating anthropoid chest phantom.GE Revolution evo CT was used to conduct scan on the conventional supine position(supine group)and prone position(prone group)for chest phantom.Different noise indexes(NI=10-23)were adjusted to control ration doses,and other parameters were fixed,and each group collected 12 sequence images.The average value(AV),standard deviation(SD)of the CT scan at region of interest(ROI)under different scanning positions were recorded to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the image.The radiation dose at the breast area was measured by TLD,and the volume CT dose index(CTDIvol)and dose-length product(DLP)were recorded.Results:Under different scanning positions,the radiation dose of breast organs in the prone group was lower than that in the supine group,there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(t=6.57,P<0.05),while there were not statistically significant differences in CTDIvol and DLP between the two groups(P>0.05).There were not statistically significant differences in the CT values,SD,SNR,CNR of lung tissue,and the CT values of breast tissue between the two groups of images(P>0.05).The SD,SNR and CNR of breast tissue in the prone group were lower than those in the supine group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-13.33,-10.59,6.70,P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the subjective scores of the clarity of the edge of the tissue within lung,the layers of soft tissue of the breast,noise,and artifacts in the bone tissue between the two groups of images(P>0.05).Conclusion:When low-dose CT physical examination on chest is conducted in clinical practice,the scanning of prone position during undergoing CT scan on chest can obtain image quality that can meet the requirements in diagnosing lung,and reduce the radiation dose on the breast,and conform to the technical principle of optimal radiation protection.

Objective To construct a scientific and practical management model of the hospice and pal-liative care outpatient clinic and provide a reference for the operation and development of the outpatient clin-ic.Methods The basic framework of the whole process management model of hospice and palliative care outpa-tient clinic was determined preliminarily by literature analysis,qualitative interviews and experts group meet-ings.Two rounds of consultation were conducted among 18 experts in hospice and palliative care and medical-nursing combined outpatient service by the Delphi method.Results The questionnaire response rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were both 100%and the authority coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.88 and 0.91,respectively.Finally,the whole process management model of hospice and palliative care out-patient clinic was constructed,which was composed of three first-level indicators including staff composition,work structure and effect evaluation,5 second-level indicators and 62 third-level indicators.Conclusion The construc-ted whole process management model is scientific,innovative and continuous,which can provide a reference for the operation and development of the hospice and palliative care outpatient clinic.

Objective:To explore and compare the image quality and radiation dose between the spiral scanning and the axial scanning for skull phantom based on specific conditions.Methods:The position of the orbitomeatal base line(OBL)of the skull phantom was marked,and the different angles of elevation of skull were adjusted.The angles between OBL and bed surface were respectively set as 90°,100°,110° and 120°.The axial scanning and spiral scanning were respective adopted to conduct 24 times of image acquisition when the computed tomography dose index(CTDIvol)of fixed volume were respectively 40,50 and 60 mGy.The cross section of axial scanning was vertical to OBL,and the images of spiral scanning used the reconstructed technique of image quality enhancement(IQE)of removing spiral artifacts to conduct reconstruction along the OBL direction.The CT value(HU)and standard deviation(SD)of the bilateral cerebellum,temporal lobe,frontal lobe and parietal lobe of the phantom were measured,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of each lobe of the phantom was calculated.The CTDIvol and dose-length product(DLP)were recorded,and the effective dose(ED)of lens was calculated.Results:The differences of the SNR values of cerebellum and occipital lobe(R),cerebellum and occipital lobe(L),temporal lobe(R),temporal lobe(L),frontal lobe(R),frontal lobe(L),parietal lobe(R)and parietal lobe(L)between two kinds of scanning models were significant(F=6.48,5.83,7.00,6.20,7.30,8.26,5.72,5.83,P<0.05),respectively.There was significant difference in lens DLP between the two kinds of scanning models(F=10.96,P<0.05).The spiral scanning and IQE reconstructed technique were used to conduct image acquisition and processing.The SNR value of spiral scanning imaging was better than that of axial scanning,and the reconstructions of coronal and sagittal positions could be conducted,and the radiation doses of lens were similar,but the DLP value of spiral scanning was slightly higher than that of axial scanning at the same CTDIvol.Conclusion:Using the IQE reconstruction technique of spiral scanning can obtain satisfactory CT sectional images of skull under the situations that machine cannot change scanning angle or the scanning of axial position is unable to conduct cooperation.

Ameloblastoma (AM) is a benign odontogenic tumor with unknown etiology. It is prone to recurrence and has a potential for malignant transformation. Patients often show high rates of relapse after curettage, or suffer from structural and functional damage of jaw after partial resection. Whole-genome sequencing data revealed that BRAF mutations and SMO mutations were common and likely to be mutually exclusive in AM. It was also reported that BRAF inhibitors were effective in several patients carrying BRAF V600E mutation. However, reliable preclinical models are urgently needed for exploring targeted therapy as it′s so difficult to conduct large clinical trials in this tumor. Patient-derived cell models in vitro and xenograft models in vivo are frequently used preclinical models. In fact, benign tumor cells generally showed a finite proliferative capacity in two-dimensional culture, and most likely, they could exhibit altered cellular phenotype after immortalization. Moreover, this benign tumor presented low chances of subcutaneous engraftment in nude mice. Accordingly, humanized mouse xenograft model needs more exploration. Yet, it is worth mentioning that a three-dimensional organoid model presents a high potential in culturing stem-cell-like epithelial cells in AM, and it would further be used in recapitulating corresponding tumors and developing targeted medicines. In this paper, we review research progress in preclinical models and the genetic variations of AM, and raise drug screening prospect of the current organoid models, which may pave the way for the possible personalized medicine in AM.

Objective:To investigate the radiation dose and detection efficiency of artificial intelligence (AI) system for solid nodules in chest phantom with different scanning protocols.Methods:A total of 60 simulated nodules with different CT values and diameters were uniformly placed in each lung lobe and lung segment of the anthropomorphic chest phantom. GE Revolution evo CT was used to scan the chest phantom. 64 groups of images with different scanning parameters were collected at the tube voltage of 80, 100, 120, 140 kV, different noise indexes (NI 10-40 with interval 2), and other fixed parameters. The detection result of simulated nodules were recorded on AI software, and the detection rate and false detection rate were calculated, respectively, for different shapes of nodules. The mean volume CT dose index (CTDI vol) and dose length product (DLP) of each scan were recorded. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate and false detection rate of spherical nodules and irregular nodules at different tube voltages( P > 0.05), but there were and statistically significant with different noise indices ( F=10.57, 17.77, 9.33, P < 0.001). Different tube voltages had no statistical significance for CTDI vol and DLP ( P > 0.05), while different noise indices had statistical significance for CTDI vol and DLP ( F=59.87, 60.92, P < 0.001). The detection rates of nodules were moderately or weakly correlated with noise indices, CTDI vol and DLP ( r=0.43, 0.56, -0.58, -0.78, P<0.05), but no correlation with tube voltage ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Scanning protocol has an impact on AI detection efficiency of pulmonary nodules. Reasonable scanning parameters should be selected according to different image quality requirements in clinical practice.

Cancer cell membrane (CCM) derived nanotechnology functionalizes nanoparticles (NPs) to recognize homologous cells, exhibiting translational potential in accurate tumor therapy. However, these nanoplatforms are majorly generated from fixed cell lines and are typically evaluated in cell line-derived subcutaneous-xenografts (CDX), ignoring the tumor heterogeneity and differentiation from inter- and intra- individuals and microenvironments between heterotopic- and orthotopic-tumors, limiting the therapeutic efficiency of such nanoplatforms. Herein, various biomimetic nanoplatforms (CCM-modified gold@Carbon, i.e., Au@C-CCM) were fabricated by coating CCMs of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and patient-derived cells on the surface of Au@C NP. The generated Au@C-CCMs were evaluated on corresponding CDX, tongue orthotopic xenograft (TOX), immune-competent primary and distant tumor models, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The Au@C-CCM generates a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 44.2% for primary HNSCC therapy and induced immunotherapy to inhibit metastasis via photothermal therapy-induced immunogenic cell death. The homologous CCM endowed the nanoplatforms with optimal targeting properties for the highest therapeutic efficiency, far above those with mismatched CCMs, resulting in distinct tumor ablation and tumor growth inhibition in all four models. This work reinforces the feasibility of biomimetic NPs combining modular designed CMs and functional cores for customized treatment of HNSCC, can be further extended to other malignant tumors therapy.
Animals ; Humans ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy* ; Heterografts ; Photothermal Therapy ; Biomimetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Tumor Microenvironment