Objective: To characterize perioperative dynamic changes in immune-cell phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing CPB (cardiopulmonary bypass) cardiac surgery, and to explore their associations with postoperative outcomes. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 120 adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery under CPB at West China Hospital from May 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled. Perioperative immune-cell phenotypes and concentrations of 40 inflammation-related cytokines were measured. The primary outcomes were the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at 24 h after surgery and ΔSOFA (the peak SOFA score within 48 h after surgery minus the preoperative SOFA score). Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), acute kidney injury (AKI), respiratory failure, severe liver injury, and infection. Results: The mean age of enrolled patients was 57±10 years. Of these, 52% (62/120) were male and 90% (108/120) underwent valve surgery. During the rewarming to the end of CPB, neutrophil counts rapidly increased (7.39×10 /L vs preoperative 3.07×10 /L, P<0.001), with significant upregulation of CD11b (7.30×10 /L vs preoperative 3.05×10 /L, P<0.001) and CD54 (7.15×10 /L vs preoperative 2.99×10 /L, P<0.001). Lymphocyte counts increased at the end of CPB (1.75×10 /L vs preoperative 1.12×10 /L, P<0.001) but decreased significantly at 24 h after surgery (0.59×10 /L vs preoperative 1.12×10 /L, P<0.001). Plasma analysis showed that multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines increased during CPB and remained elevated up to 24 h after surgery; five chemokines and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 peaked at the end of CPB. The SOFA score increased from 1 (1, 2) preoperatively to 7 (5, 10) at 24 h after surgery, with a ΔSOFA of 6 (4, 8). Within 30 days after surgery, 48 patients (40.0%) developed AKI, 17 (14.2%) developed infection, 4 (3.3%) developed severe liver injury, 3 (2.5%) developed respiratory failure, and 3 (2.5%) experienced MACE. During the 2-year follow-up, 8 patients (6.7%) experienced MACE and 5 (4.2%) died. Conclusion: Multi-organ dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery under CPB (median ΔSOFA, 6), accompanied by perioperative activation of multiple immune-cell subsets and upregulation of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and chemotactic mediators. This study provides data-driven evidence and research clues for further investigation of the associations between CPB-related immune perturbations and postoperative organ dysfunction and clinical outcomes.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

As a traditional nutritional and healthy cash crop in China, tea has certain significance in promoting human health and preventing and controlling chronic diseases. Studies have shown that the nutritional health effect of tea is due to its rich functional components, mainly including tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, alkaloids and other bioactive substances. At present, researchers from the academic circles have continuously carried out animal and human experiments on the health effects of various functional components of tea, which has accumulated abundant research data and materials. Based on this, this article reviews the literature on the nutritional and health effects of the main functional components of tea, and adopts the method of evidence-based research to screen and extract relevant data for qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis. Subsequently, the nutritional health effects of the five functional components of tea, namely tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, and alkaloids, are summarized and outlined. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine and alkaloids have different health effects and are expected to play their unique roles in promoting human health and preventing and controlling diseases.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application value of a novel filter's retraction hook capture technique of pull-assisted method for the endovascular retrieval of conical inferior vena cava (IVC) filters whose hook attached to the wall.Methods:From January 2020 to December 2024, patients with conical filters whose hook attached to the wall admitted at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were enrolled consecutively.Results:A total of 46 patients underwent filter retrieval using filter's retraction hook capture technique of pull-assisted method. Among these patients, 39 cases (84.8%) were successful in filter retrieval, with the penetration distance of cranial anchor vertex of 3.3(2.5, 4.4) mm, and 13 (33.3%) filters were deformed. The other 7 cases were unsuccessful, with a penetration distance of cranial anchor vertex of 5.0 (4.3, 5.0) mm, and 6 (85.7%) filters were deformed. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). One case (2.2%) had IVC injury, one case (2.2%) experienced filter fracture, and no symptomatic pulmonary embolism occurred. Logistic regression analysis showed that filter deformation was an independent dangerous factor for filter's retraction. Conclusions:Filter's retraction hook capture technique of pull-assisted method is effective in removing conical filters whose hook attached to the wall, with no symptomatic PE occurring. This method can be considered as a new adjuvant technique for filter retrieval.

Copper death is a newly discovered copper-dependent cell death mode that causes protein-toxic stress and triggers cell death by affecting mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycling and iron-sulfur tuftin loss. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the mechanism of copper death, it has been found that the genes related to copper death may be related to the clinical characteristics and prognosis of tumors, which can be used as potential biological targets for the diagnosis or treatment of tumors. At the same time, drugs targeting copper ions such as copper ionophores, copper chelators and copper containing complexes are widely studied. Further study on the mechanism of copper death in the development of tumor can provide new ideas for tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application value of a novel filter's retraction hook capture technique of pull-assisted method for the endovascular retrieval of conical inferior vena cava (IVC) filters whose hook attached to the wall.Methods:From January 2020 to December 2024, patients with conical filters whose hook attached to the wall admitted at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were enrolled consecutively.Results:A total of 46 patients underwent filter retrieval using filter's retraction hook capture technique of pull-assisted method. Among these patients, 39 cases (84.8%) were successful in filter retrieval, with the penetration distance of cranial anchor vertex of 3.3(2.5, 4.4) mm, and 13 (33.3%) filters were deformed. The other 7 cases were unsuccessful, with a penetration distance of cranial anchor vertex of 5.0 (4.3, 5.0) mm, and 6 (85.7%) filters were deformed. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). One case (2.2%) had IVC injury, one case (2.2%) experienced filter fracture, and no symptomatic pulmonary embolism occurred. Logistic regression analysis showed that filter deformation was an independent dangerous factor for filter's retraction. Conclusions:Filter's retraction hook capture technique of pull-assisted method is effective in removing conical filters whose hook attached to the wall, with no symptomatic PE occurring. This method can be considered as a new adjuvant technique for filter retrieval.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and wound repair of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods A total of 80 DFU patients treated in the Hospital from November 20, 2019 to November 20, 2022 were randomly selected as the study objects and divided into non-wound repair group (n=47) and wound repair group (n=33) based on wound repair status. Wound repair and hospital stay were recorded; clinical characteristics and the CONUT score were compared between the wound repair group and the non-wound repair group; the influencing factors of DFU wound repair were analyzed by the multivariate Logistic regression model. Results The hospital stay of patients in the non-wound repair group was 16.00 (10.50 to 24.00) days, which was significantly shorter than 44.00 (31.00 to 61.80) days of patients in the wound repair group (P < 0.05). The total cholesterol (TC), ankle-brachial index (ABI), the CONUT score, and malnutrition rate of patients in the non-wound repair group were significantly higher than those in the wound repair group (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the CONUT score, malnutrition, TC and ABI were the independent risk factors for wound repair of DFU (P < 0.05). Conclusion Malnutrition, ABI, TC and CONUT score in DFU patients can adversely affect wound repair, and the CONUT score can accurately predict the risk of wound repair in patients, serving as a reliable reference for clinicians in early assessment of DFU.

Objective:To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a child with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH).Methods:A case study has been carried out on a boy who had presented at the Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital for microcephaly and mental deficiency in September 2022. Prenatal ultrasound images were retrospectively analyzed, and whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out for his family. A literature review was also carried out using keywords such as " ASPM gene", "microcephaly", "prenatal diagnosis", "primary microcephaly", " ASPM", "MCPH5", "MCPH", "autosomal recessive microcephaly", and "prenatal diagnosis on ultrasonography" on the PubMed database, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge until September 2023. This study was approved by Medical Ethics Committee of the Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital (Ethics No. 2021-093-1). Results:The proband had shown progressive reduction in biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC) during the fetal period. He was found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the ASPM gene, which included a paternally derived c. 8044C>T (p.R2682X) and a maternally derived c.8652dup (p.A2885Sfs*35). Both variants were classified as pathogenic (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting+ PP4; PVS1+ PM2_Supporting+ PM3) based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). For other fetuses in his family, prenatal ultrasound and genetic testing were all normal. Literature research has identified 11 relevant articles, which included 14 MCPH cases. All of the MCPH5 cases had shown various degrees of reduced BPD/HC on fetal imaging (100%, 15/15). Developmental delay, intellectual disability, and attention deficits were noted in all survived cases, with one case having seizures (12.5%, 1/8). Their genotypes had included homozygotes (46.2%, 6/13) and compound heterozygotes (53.8%, 7/13) for nonsense variants (45%, 9/20) and frameshifting variants (55%, 11/20). Conclusion:The compound heterozygous variants c. 8044C>T (p.R2682X) and c. 8652dup (p.A2885Sfs*35) of the ASPM gene probably underlay the reduced BPD and HC in this proband with MCPH.

Objective:To summarize the current research status, assessment tools, and influencing factors of fatigue in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and provide a reference for the management of fatigue in this patient population.Methods:A literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc for studies related to fatigue in patients receiving MHD. The search timeframe was from establishing the databases to January 23, 2024.Results:A total of 46 studies were included. Various assessment tools for fatigue in patients receiving MHD were identified, though specific tools were limited. The Short Form 36 Vitality Subscale (SF-36 VS) was the most commonly used assessment tool. The main factors influencing fatigue in these patients included sociodemographic, dialysis-related, disease-related, physical, nutritional, and psychological factors.Conclusions:Fatigue is a significant symptom in patients receiving MHD. Healthcare professionals must develop specific tools for accurately assessing fatigue in this population and explore standardized management plans.

Background and Aims:Acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common clinical condition. In the acute phase,it can lead to secondary complications such as acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and limb swelling,while in the chronic phase,it may result in post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS),posing significant health risks. Early mechanical thrombectomy can restore venous patency,alleviate symptoms,and reduce the incidence of PTS. AngioJet percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) offers the advantages of rapid and efficient thrombectomy with fewer complications,making it widely used in clinical practice. However,there are currently no standardized guidelines at home or abroad regarding the choice of access route for PMT. This study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes and effects on venous valve function of antegrade versus retrograde AngioJet PMT for treating acute lower extremity DVT,aiming to explore the optimal surgical approach for thrombectomy.Methods:A prospective,randomized controlled study was conducted,enrolling 96 patients with acute lower extremity DVT treated at the Department of Vascular Surgery,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,from January 2022 to June 2024. Patients were divided into an antegrade group and a retrograde group based on the direction of operation and valve opening. Surgical outcomes and risks were evaluated for both groups,and factors influencing the 3-month postoperative venous patency rate were analyzed.Results:A total of 92 patients were finally included,with 47 cases in the antegrade group (51.1％) and 45 cases in the retrograde group (48.9％),all treated with AngioJet PMT. Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). In the antegrade group,14 cases (29.8％) had thrombus interception by filters,with 7 cases (14.9％) being effective;4 cases (8.5％) developed new or worsened PE. In the retrograde group,18 cases (40.0％) had thrombus interception by filters,with 8 cases (17.8％) being effective;5 cases (11.1％) developed new or worsened PE. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in these or other safety and laboratory variables (all P>0.05). The antegrade group had a higher proportion of intraoperative manual aspiration thrombectomy compared to the retrograde group (68.1％ vs. 26.7％,P<0.001). However,there were no significant differences in thrombus grade Ⅲ clearance rate (61.7％ vs. 68.9％),3-month venous patency rate (93.6％ vs. 91.1％),or other perioperative variables (all P>0.05). Regression analysis of factors affecting 3-month venous patency showed that immediate venous patency (OR=3.043,95％ CI=0.993-1.209) and radiation dose (OR=0.868,95％ CI=-0.001-0.000) in the antegrade group,as well as immediate venous patency (OR=2.333,95％ CI=0.655-0.980) in the retrograde group,were significantly associated with 3-month patency rate (all P<0.001). Regression analysis also showed a significant linear relationship between immediate venous patency and VCSS/Villalta scores in both groups (all P<0.001). Conclusion:Both antegrade and retrograde AngioJet PMT procedures are equally safe and effective for treating acute lower extremity DVT. However,the risk of intraoperative thrombus detachment remains high,warranting the use of inferior vena cava filters to prevent fatal PE. Patients with immediate venous patency require standardized postoperative management and follow-up to prevent PTS.