BACKGROUND:Inter-limb asymmetry is a common phenomenon observed during human growth and development.Prolonged specialized training can lead to specific adaptations in inter-limb asymmetry among athletes.OBJECTIVE:To review the formation causes,manifestations,and impacts of inter-limb asymmetry on sports performance,and provide an overview of the relevant assessment methods and intervention strategies.METHODS:A literature search was conducted in the CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,and Web of Science databases from their inception to September 2024.The search terms included"asymmetry,asymmetries,asymmetric,asymmetrical,imbalance,strength,power,force,jump,sprint,athletic performance,anthropometry,injury"in English and Chinese.After excluding duplicate publications,irrelevant content,and conference papers,a total of 131 articles were finally included for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Inter-limb asymmetry can be influenced by various factors including genetics,task demands,training regimens,injuries,fatigue,and limb preference.These factors lead to being primarily manifested in anatomical structure,strength performance,and task-specific asymmetry.(2)An increase in inter-limb asymmetry can result in impaired performance in bilateral in-phase symmetric movements.However,the relationship between increased inter-limb asymmetry and bilateral out-of-phase symmetric movements remains unclear and requires further investigation.(3)Training interventions have been shown to effectively mitigate inter-limb asymmetry,with unilateral training demonstrating superior outcomes compared with bilateral training.The choice of training methods and content should be tailored to meet the specific demands of the sport.(4)To further clarify the relationship between inter-limb asymmetry and athletic performance,it is recommended that future research adopt the concept of"task specificity"in inter-limb asymmetry.This includes standardizing study designs,selecting sensitive testing methods and indicators,unifying calculation methods to provide more high-quality evidence,and establishing categorized warning threshold standards for inter-limb asymmetry in different sports.

BACKGROUND:Inter-limb asymmetry is a common phenomenon observed during human growth and development.Prolonged specialized training can lead to specific adaptations in inter-limb asymmetry among athletes.OBJECTIVE:To review the formation causes,manifestations,and impacts of inter-limb asymmetry on sports performance,and provide an overview of the relevant assessment methods and intervention strategies.METHODS:A literature search was conducted in the CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,and Web of Science databases from their inception to September 2024.The search terms included"asymmetry,asymmetries,asymmetric,asymmetrical,imbalance,strength,power,force,jump,sprint,athletic performance,anthropometry,injury"in English and Chinese.After excluding duplicate publications,irrelevant content,and conference papers,a total of 131 articles were finally included for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Inter-limb asymmetry can be influenced by various factors including genetics,task demands,training regimens,injuries,fatigue,and limb preference.These factors lead to being primarily manifested in anatomical structure,strength performance,and task-specific asymmetry.(2)An increase in inter-limb asymmetry can result in impaired performance in bilateral in-phase symmetric movements.However,the relationship between increased inter-limb asymmetry and bilateral out-of-phase symmetric movements remains unclear and requires further investigation.(3)Training interventions have been shown to effectively mitigate inter-limb asymmetry,with unilateral training demonstrating superior outcomes compared with bilateral training.The choice of training methods and content should be tailored to meet the specific demands of the sport.(4)To further clarify the relationship between inter-limb asymmetry and athletic performance,it is recommended that future research adopt the concept of"task specificity"in inter-limb asymmetry.This includes standardizing study designs,selecting sensitive testing methods and indicators,unifying calculation methods to provide more high-quality evidence,and establishing categorized warning threshold standards for inter-limb asymmetry in different sports.

Objective:To design a remote monitoring and early warning system of ventilators,so as to adapt to data collection for different types of ventilators,and achieve early warning for abnormal status in operation data of ventilators.Methods:A three-layer structure,which used information gateway of Internet of Things(IoTs)with multi communication standard as the core,and integrated with multiple interfaces,was adopted to construct a remote monitoring and early warning system of ventilators.Boolean function was used to determine strings of incorrect data,and extract respiratory information.Using incremental isolated forest algorithm processed ventilators'operation data for realizing anomaly detection.And then,the detection results were presented through a display module,so as to conduct early warning for existing abnormal situations.Results:The remote monitoring and early warning system of ventilator had an accuracy rate of monitoring over 98.0%for abnormity of different types of ventilators,which timely warning rate was over 98.5%.Conclusion:The designed remote monitoring and early warning system of ventilator can provide clear results of remote monitoring and early warning of ventilator,which can timely find abnormal status,and effectively improve management efficiency for ventilator,and promote the intelligent development of medical treatment.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the course of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty,and explore management strategies for enhancing perioperative prophylactic medication administration.Methods The clinical data for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty at Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University from January,2020 to September,2024 were retrospectively collected.Patients were divided into a 24 h group and a 48-72 h group based on the duration of prophylactic antibacterial therapy.The general characteristics,surgical-related indicators,preoperative and postoperative laboratory test results,and surgical outcome measures between the two groups of patients were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify influencing factors associated with prolonged duration of prophylactic antibacterial therapy.Results A total of 126 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty were enrolled,including 74 cases in the 24 h group and 52 cases in the 48-72 h group.Univariate analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the following indicators between the two groups:surgical cause,surgical duration,intraoperative blood loss,drainage duration of plasma drainage tubes,preoperative white blood cell count,and preoperative neutrophil count(P<0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the reason for surgery and the duration of plasma drain tube drainage were the influencing factors of antimicrobial treatment course for total hip arthroplasty(P<0.05).The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the prediction model(constructed based on the drainage time of plasma drainage tube)for prophylactic antimicrobial treatment course to 48-72 h was 0.721.When the drainage time of plasma drainage tubes was≥40.56 h,the risk of requiring prophylactic antimicrobial therapy for an extended course of 48-72 h increased significantly.Conclusion The patient's surgical reason and the duration of plasma drain drainage may be related to the prophylactic antimicrobial course of more than 24 hours.Clinical pharmacists may utilize this parameter as a patient-specific characteristic,with the support of information systems,the hierarchical patient management can be implemented,thereby enhancing the effectiveness of medication surveillance and progressively elevating the 24 h discontinuation rate of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the course of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty,and explore management strategies for enhancing perioperative prophylactic medication administration.Methods The clinical data for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty at Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University from January,2020 to September,2024 were retrospectively collected.Patients were divided into a 24 h group and a 48-72 h group based on the duration of prophylactic antibacterial therapy.The general characteristics,surgical-related indicators,preoperative and postoperative laboratory test results,and surgical outcome measures between the two groups of patients were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify influencing factors associated with prolonged duration of prophylactic antibacterial therapy.Results A total of 126 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty were enrolled,including 74 cases in the 24 h group and 52 cases in the 48-72 h group.Univariate analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the following indicators between the two groups:surgical cause,surgical duration,intraoperative blood loss,drainage duration of plasma drainage tubes,preoperative white blood cell count,and preoperative neutrophil count(P<0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the reason for surgery and the duration of plasma drain tube drainage were the influencing factors of antimicrobial treatment course for total hip arthroplasty(P<0.05).The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the prediction model(constructed based on the drainage time of plasma drainage tube)for prophylactic antimicrobial treatment course to 48-72 h was 0.721.When the drainage time of plasma drainage tubes was≥40.56 h,the risk of requiring prophylactic antimicrobial therapy for an extended course of 48-72 h increased significantly.Conclusion The patient's surgical reason and the duration of plasma drain drainage may be related to the prophylactic antimicrobial course of more than 24 hours.Clinical pharmacists may utilize this parameter as a patient-specific characteristic,with the support of information systems,the hierarchical patient management can be implemented,thereby enhancing the effectiveness of medication surveillance and progressively elevating the 24 h discontinuation rate of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Objective:To design a remote monitoring and early warning system of ventilators,so as to adapt to data collection for different types of ventilators,and achieve early warning for abnormal status in operation data of ventilators.Methods:A three-layer structure,which used information gateway of Internet of Things(IoTs)with multi communication standard as the core,and integrated with multiple interfaces,was adopted to construct a remote monitoring and early warning system of ventilators.Boolean function was used to determine strings of incorrect data,and extract respiratory information.Using incremental isolated forest algorithm processed ventilators'operation data for realizing anomaly detection.And then,the detection results were presented through a display module,so as to conduct early warning for existing abnormal situations.Results:The remote monitoring and early warning system of ventilator had an accuracy rate of monitoring over 98.0%for abnormity of different types of ventilators,which timely warning rate was over 98.5%.Conclusion:The designed remote monitoring and early warning system of ventilator can provide clear results of remote monitoring and early warning of ventilator,which can timely find abnormal status,and effectively improve management efficiency for ventilator,and promote the intelligent development of medical treatment.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in schools in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of norovirus outbreaks in schools. Methods: Data of norovirus outbreaks in schools in Xicheng District, Beijing during 2017 to 2022 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Realtime PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of group GⅠand GⅡnorovirus, the positive norovirus nucleic acid samples were sent to Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention for molecular typing. Results: From 2017 to 2022, 185 norovirus outbreaks were reported in schools in Xicheng District, including 166 cluster outbreaks and 19 outbreaks. A total of 2 044 cases were reported, with a total attack rate of 13.92%. There were two peaks in the outbreak time, which were from March to June after the spring semester and from October to December after autumn semester. Primary schools were the most common place of occurrence (101 cases), followed by nursery institutions (68 cases) and secondary schools (16 cases). There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates among different sites(12.37%, 22.78%, 8.47%, χ2=263.34, P<0.01). There were significant differences in the incidence of vomiting, diarrhea, nausea and stomachache among different students (χ2=263.33, 90.58, 20.42, 30.29, P<0.01). Vomiting was the main symptom in primary school and nursery school children (96.41%, 98.28%), and the diarrhea rate was higher in middle school students (68.22%). The outbreaks were mainly caused by type GⅡ norovirus. The genotype from 2017 to 2021 showed the characteristics of diversity, mainly GⅡ.2[P16], but there was no significant advantage for the GⅡ.2 [P16] during 2019 to 2021. Conclusions The norovirus outbreak in schools in Xicheng district of Beijing from 2017 to 2022 are mainly caused by GⅡ type genome. The main genotype is GⅡ.2[P16]. Norovirus infection mainly occurred in primary schools and kindergartens. For the vulnerable populations, it is necessary to improve the capacity to early identification, student infectious disease management, active infection control and prevention measures, and pathogen surveillance and sporadic case monitoring.

Objective: To investigate the association between physical activity frequency and anxiety/depression symptoms among college students in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide a basis for the physical and mental health development of adolescents. Methods: From July to October 2023, 5 761 college students from 11 colleges and universities in Jiangxi Province were selected by convenience sampling to conduct an online questionnaire survey regarding physical activity and mental health. Anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms were assessed by General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and Patient Health Questionnaires-9, respectively. Contingency table was used to analyze the distribution of different anxiety and depression symptoms by physical activity frequency, and ordered Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between physical activity frequency with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and stratified analysis was performed based on gender. Results: The detection rate of anxiety symptoms of college students was 43.6% ( n =2 513), and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 63.9% ( n =3 682). There were significant differences in the detection rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among different gender and physical activity frequency groups ( χ 2=15.98, 106.32; 30.65, 150.88, P <0.05). The detection rates of severe anxiety and depression symptoms of male and female who never exercise were higher (severe anxiety: 6.1% for male and 5.2% for female, severe depression: 8.7% for male and 7.4% for female).The results of ordered Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with college students who never exercised, male college students who were physically active almost every day were negatively correlated with mild anxiety and moderate depression symptoms ( OR=0.53，0.33，P <0.05). In addition, male college students who do physical activity 3-4 times a week were negatively correlated with moderate depressive symptoms ( OR =0.43), while male college students who do physical activity 1-2 times a week were negatively correlated with severe depressive symptoms ( OR =0.21) ( P <0.05). Physical activity was negatively correlated with different degress of anxiety and depression symptoms in female college students (anxiety: OR =0.27-0.74, depression: OR =0.18-0.75, P < 0.05). Conclusions The frequency of physical activity in college students (especially female college students) is negatively correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. It is suggested to improve the frequency of physical activity to promote physical and mental health.