We have isolated an intestinal probiotic strain, Pediococcus acidilactici HRQ-1. To improve its gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, transportation and storage stability, and slow-release properties, we employed the extrusion method to prepare the microcapsules with P. acidilactici HRQ-1 as the core material and sodium alginate and chitosan as the wall material. The optimal conditions for preparing the microcapsules were determined by single factor and orthogonal tests, and the optimal ratio was determined by taking the embedding rate, survival rate, storage stability, gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, and release rate as the evaluation indexes. The results showed that under the optimal embedding conditions, the embedding rate reached (89.60±0.02)%. Under the optimal formula of freeze-drying protective agent, the freeze-drying survival rate reached (76.42±0.13)%, and the average size of the microcapsules produced was (1.16±0.03) mm. The continuous gastrointestinal fluid simulation experiments confirmed that the microcapsules ensured the viable bacterial count and can slowly release bacteria in the intestinal fluid. The curve of the viable bacterial count during storage at 4 ℃ and room temperature indicated that the prepared microcapsules achieved strains' live number protection. The formula and preparation process of P. acidilactici microcapsules may provide a technological reserve for the preparation of more live bacterial drugs in the future.
Pediococcus acidilactici/chemistry* ; Probiotics/chemistry* ; Capsules/chemistry* ; Alginates/chemistry* ; Chitosan/chemistry* ; Drug Compounding/methods* ; Glucuronic Acid/chemistry* ; Hexuronic Acids/chemistry* ; Freeze Drying

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in schools in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of norovirus outbreaks in schools. Methods: Data of norovirus outbreaks in schools in Xicheng District, Beijing during 2017 to 2022 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Realtime PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of group GⅠand GⅡnorovirus, the positive norovirus nucleic acid samples were sent to Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention for molecular typing. Results: From 2017 to 2022, 185 norovirus outbreaks were reported in schools in Xicheng District, including 166 cluster outbreaks and 19 outbreaks. A total of 2 044 cases were reported, with a total attack rate of 13.92%. There were two peaks in the outbreak time, which were from March to June after the spring semester and from October to December after autumn semester. Primary schools were the most common place of occurrence (101 cases), followed by nursery institutions (68 cases) and secondary schools (16 cases). There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates among different sites(12.37%, 22.78%, 8.47%, χ2=263.34, P<0.01). There were significant differences in the incidence of vomiting, diarrhea, nausea and stomachache among different students (χ2=263.33, 90.58, 20.42, 30.29, P<0.01). Vomiting was the main symptom in primary school and nursery school children (96.41%, 98.28%), and the diarrhea rate was higher in middle school students (68.22%). The outbreaks were mainly caused by type GⅡ norovirus. The genotype from 2017 to 2021 showed the characteristics of diversity, mainly GⅡ.2[P16], but there was no significant advantage for the GⅡ.2 [P16] during 2019 to 2021. Conclusions The norovirus outbreak in schools in Xicheng district of Beijing from 2017 to 2022 are mainly caused by GⅡ type genome. The main genotype is GⅡ.2[P16]. Norovirus infection mainly occurred in primary schools and kindergartens. For the vulnerable populations, it is necessary to improve the capacity to early identification, student infectious disease management, active infection control and prevention measures, and pathogen surveillance and sporadic case monitoring.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

In recent years,there have been significant advancements in tumor immunotherapy.Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a pivotal approach for treating advanced malignant tumors.The use of immunotherapy has been widely recommended and applied in clinical treatment both domestically and internationally.However,its clinical treatment efficacy still falls short of expectations.Improving the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with advanced malignant tumors is currently a prominent research focus.Studies indicate that the combined use of immune enhancers and immune checkpoint inhibitors in various advanced malignant tumors significantly enhances the outcomes of immunotherapy.This article primarily highlights the combined application of immune enhancers and immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy,offering insights into their potential in the field of oncology treatment.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

Objective To observe the interventional effects of complex probiotic powder on blood bio-chemical indices and vaginal flora in pregnant women with high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Methods One hundred and ten pregnant women with high risk of GDM recruited from the outpatient clinics of the obstetric department and nutrition department in this hospital were randomly divided into the probiotic intervention group (n=55) and the placebo control group (n=55).The intervention group was given 1 bag of complex probiotic powder per day,and the control group was given 1 bag of placebo powder.The colors,shapes,sizes and tastes of powders in the two groups remained the consistency.The intervention duration in this trial was 23 weeks.The questionnaire survey were conducted at baseline and at the intervention endpoint,and the blood biochemical indexes detections were performed at baseline,after 24-28 weeks of gestation,and after 34-38 weeks of gestation,respectively.In addition,the differences in the composition of the vaginal flora structure between the two groups of high risk pregnant women with GDM were detected at the intervention endpoint.Results A total of 97 cases were eventually included in the statistical analysis.Among them,there were 50 cases in the probiotic intervention group and 47 cases in the placebo control group.At the end of the 23 week intervention,there were no statistically significant differences in fasting blood glucose,red blood cells,hemoglobin,leukocytes,ferritin,total protein,albumin,glutamic transaminase,glutamic oxalate transam-inase and total bilirubin between the probiotic intervention group and placebo control group (P>0.05).In terms of vaginal flora,there was a significant difference in some indicators of α diversity between the probiotic group and placebo control group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in β diversity between the two groups (P>0.05).At the level of vaginal flora phyla,there were significant differences in the Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Desulfobacterota,Deferribacterota,and δ-Myxococcota between the two groups (P<0.05).At the level of vaginal flora genera,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp.in the probiotic intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Complex probiotic pow-der supplementation may have a limited role in improving blood glucose and other related biochemical indica-tors in high-risk pregnant women with GDM.But it has a certain role in regulating the vaginal micro ecological balance in pregnant women with high risk of GDM.

Objective:To explore the changes in serum levels of miR-499 and miR-362 in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their relationship with prognosis.Methods:A total of 103 patients with advanced NSCLC at Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Chongming Hospital from January 2020 to October 2021 were selected as the NSCLC group, and 100 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to determine and compare the levels of serum miR-499 and miR-362 in the two groups, and the relationship between the two indexes and different clinical characteristics of NSCLC patients was analyzed. According to the clinical outcome of 2-year follow-up, the patients were divided into survival group and death group, and the levels of serum miR-499 and miR-362 were compared between the two groups. The predictive value of miR-499 and miR-362 levels on the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients were analyzed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:The serum miR-499 level in the NSCLC group (0.34±0.10) was lower than that in the control group (1.25±0.21), while the miR-362 level (1.13±0.27) was higher than that in the control group (0.63±0.15) ( t=18.26, P<0.001; t=16.32, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in serum miR-499 and miR-362 levels among patients with different degrees of differentiation ( t=11.12, P<0.001; t=16.35, P<0.001), TNM staging ( t=13.64, P=0.002; t=8.73, P=0.010) and lymph node metastasis ( t=10.02, P=0.003; t=9.65, P=0.004). The serum miR-499 level in the death group ( n=77) (0.24±0.06) was lower than that in the survival group ( n=26) (0.35±0.09), while the miR-362 level (1.54±0.32) was higher than that in the survival group (1.08±0.21), with statistically significant differences ( t=8.06, P=0.006; t=8.67, P=0.005). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of miR-499 and miR-362 in predicting the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients was 73.46% and 75.85%, respectively, with specificity of 64.42% and 65.61%, AUC of 0.739 (95% CI: 0.662-0.805) and 0.743 (95% CI: 0.640-0.793) ; the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of serum miR-499 combined with miR-362 in predicting the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients were 87.63%, 85.34%, and 0.875 (95% CI: 0.698-0.897), respectively; the combined prediction of miR-499 and miR-362 for AUC area was higher than the individual prediction ( Z=4.83, P=0.013; Z=5.17, P=0.009) . Conclusion:Advanced NSCLC patients show significant abnormal serum level of miR-499 and miR-362, and as the severity of the disease progressed, the serum level of miR-499 is downregulated more significantly and miR-362 is upregulated more significantly. The combined detection of miR-499 and miR-362 levels has certain predictive value for the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients.

Purpose/Significance To explore the feasibility of applying blockchain technology to the current healthcare system of hos-pitals,and to achieve the purpose of protecting patients'privacy to the greatest extent possible at a lower cost.Method/Process 505 questionnaires are randomly distributed and collected from people of different age groups in Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai and Shenzhen who have a certain degree of understanding of blockchain technology,and the results are analyzed.Result/Conclusion Different age groups are highly concerned about personal privacy and privacy protection,and are willing to accept blockchain as an emerging technology.There is a greater demand and acceptance for the application of blockchain technology in the primary health care systems.