ObjectiveTo investigate the imaging features of calcium salt deposition and serological markers in patients with alveolar echinococcosis through a retrospective analysis， as well as independent risk factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition in lesions， and to provide a basis for assessing disease process. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the imaging and clinical data of 107 patients with alveolar echinococcosis who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from December 2023 to June 2025， and according to the volume of calcium salt deposition， they were divided into non-deposition group with 16 patients， mild deposition group with 52 patients， moderate deposition group with 16 patients， and severe deposition group with 23 patients. A one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups， and the χ² test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The four groups were further combined into the low deposition group （no/mild deposition） and the high deposition group （moderate/severe deposition）. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition， and a predictive model was established. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the model， and the Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. ResultsThere were significant differences between the four groups in sex distribution， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.05）. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the four groups in sex， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， alanine aminotransferase， albumin， creatinine， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.1）. The multi-collinearity diagnosis showed that the VIF values for all continuous variables ranged from 1.104 to 1.760， suggesting that collinearity did not affect modeling. An ordinal logistic regression model was established based on sex， involvement of other sites， calcium ion， lymphocyte percentage， and uric acid. The multivariate analysis showed that lymphocyte percentage （odds ratio ［OR］=1.106， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.041 — 1.174， P=0.001） and blood calcium level （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 —0.230， P=0.007） were independent influencing factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition. The regression equation was established as Logit（P）=8.231 + 0.100 × lymphocyte percentage -5.344 × calcium ion. The ROC curve analysis showed that the model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.716， with a Youden index of 0.353， a sensitivity of 1.000， and a specificity of 0.353. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model had poor calibration （χ²=20.688， P=0.008）. The Bootstrap method with 1000 repeated samples showed that the estimated values of lymphocyte percentage （OR=1.106， 95%CI： 1.049 — 1.186， P=0.002） and calcium ion （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 — 0.214， P=0.010） were consistent with the original model， and the confidence intervals did not include 1， which further supported the reliability of the model. ConclusionBoth lymphocyte percentage and blood calcium level are independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis， and the degree of calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis lesions increases with the reduction in blood calcium level and the increase in lymphocyte percentage.

Sanhuang Xiexintang （SHXXT）， originating from the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （Jin Gui Yao Lue）， comprises three medicinal herbs： Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， Coptidis Rhizoma， and Scutellariae Radix. Renowned for its effects of purging fire， detoxifying， drying dampness， and draining heat， SHXXT primarily treats syndromes characterized by internal excess heat， dampness-heat stagnation， and reckless blood movement due to heat. Because of the concise formulation and remarkable efficacy of this formula， modern research has extensively explored the chemical composition， clinical applications， and pharmacological mechanisms of SHXXT， yielding significant advancements. As a modern derivative of SHXXT， Yiqing granules exemplify the transformation of classical formulas into convenient and precise applications， embodying the paradigm of modern development of classical formulas. This systematic review synthesizes recent research progress in SHXXT. Chemical analyses reveal that the active components—anthraquinones， alkaloids， and flavonoids—of SHXXT exert holistic therapeutic effects through multi-component synergy. Clinical studies demonstrate broad utility of this formula in managing digestive disorders， endocrine diseases， urinary tract infections， dermatological conditions， and systemic inflammatory diseases， highlighting its multi-system regulatory potential. Mechanism investigations elucidate its multi-target mechanism of action， including antimicrobial， anti-inflammatory， metabolic-regulatory， hepatoprotective， and gastrointestinal-modulating effects， reflecting an integrated multi-component， multi-target， multi-pathway mode of action. This review systematically summarizes the modern research progress in SHXXT， providing a theoretical foundation for deciphering the scientific essence of classical formulas and advancing their precision application in clinical practice.

Depression is a common mental disorder in clinical practice， and it falls under the category of depression syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In TCM， Qi depression is considered as the root cause of all depression syndromes. Qi depression can lead to blood stasis， which is a key cause of diseases due to depression syndrome. Therefore， treating stasis is an important therapeutic approach for depression syndrome. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， a representative herbal medicine for activating blood and removing stasis， is effective in activating blood， removing stasis， dredging meridians， and alleviating pain. Currently， it is primarily used in clinical practice to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， such as neurasthenia， coronary heart disease， insomnia， and palpitations. The active components of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are complex and exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects. These components include water-soluble salvianolic acids and lipid-soluble tanshinones. Modern pharmacological studies have proven that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its active components possess antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， anti-tumor， anti-fibrosis， and neuroprotective properties. In recent years， increasing attention has been paid to the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its active components in treating depression. This paper systematically reviews the antidepressant mechanisms of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its main active components from the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters， the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， neurotrophic factors， and neuroinflammation. In addition， this paper summarizes the clinical applications of the prescriptions containing Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of depression， providing new insights for further research on the pharmacological mechanisms of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in treating depression.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Taxilli Herba decoction in preventing miscarriage in rats with threatened abortion.Methods Seventy-two SPF-grade SD rats were co-housed at a male-to-female ratio of 2∶1.Forty-eight pregnant rats were subsequently divided into a normal group,a threatened abortion model group,a positive control group,as well as Taxilli Herba decoction low/medium/high dose groups(n=8 rats per group).Rats in the positive control group received 3.02 mg/kg dydrogesterone intragastrically,and rats in the low-,medium-,and high-dose Taxilli Herba decoction groups received 2.5,5,and 10 g/kg Taxilli Herba decoction intragastrically,respectively.The normal and model groups received intragastric distilled water once a day for 10 consecutive days.On day 10 after administration of the corresponding treatment,rats in all groups except the normal group received intragastric administration of 3.75 mg/kg mifepristone suspension.The effects of Taxilli Herba on the vaginal bleeding rate and abortion rate were observed.Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estrogen(E),progesterone(P),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),testosterone(T),and aromatase and E and P levels in the ovary in pregnant rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Expression levels of E receptor(ER),P receptor(PR),VEGF receptor 2(VEGFR2),and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31)in the uterine decidua in pregnant rats were detected by immunofluorescence staining,and semi-quantitative analysis was performed.Results Mifepristone significantly increased the vaginal bleeding rate and abortion rate in pregnant rats,but these were effectively reduced by treatment with Taxilli Herba water decoction.Taxilli Herba water decoction also increased serum E,P,and VEGF,and ovary levels of E and P(P＜0.05).The treatment also decreased serum LH,maintained the secretion of FSH,and enhanced ER,PR,VEGFR2,and CD31 expression in decidual tissue.Conclusions Taxilli Herba demonstrated effective miscarriage-prevention effects in a rat model of threatened abortion.Its mechanism of action involves regulating the normal physiological function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis upstream of the uterus,and enhancing the expression of the downstream P/PR/VEGF/VEGFR2 and E/ER/VEGF/VEGFR2 pathways.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Taxilli Herba decoction in preventing miscarriage in rats with threatened abortion.Methods Seventy-two SPF-grade SD rats were co-housed at a male-to-female ratio of 2∶1.Forty-eight pregnant rats were subsequently divided into a normal group,a threatened abortion model group,a positive control group,as well as Taxilli Herba decoction low/medium/high dose groups(n=8 rats per group).Rats in the positive control group received 3.02 mg/kg dydrogesterone intragastrically,and rats in the low-,medium-,and high-dose Taxilli Herba decoction groups received 2.5,5,and 10 g/kg Taxilli Herba decoction intragastrically,respectively.The normal and model groups received intragastric distilled water once a day for 10 consecutive days.On day 10 after administration of the corresponding treatment,rats in all groups except the normal group received intragastric administration of 3.75 mg/kg mifepristone suspension.The effects of Taxilli Herba on the vaginal bleeding rate and abortion rate were observed.Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estrogen(E),progesterone(P),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),testosterone(T),and aromatase and E and P levels in the ovary in pregnant rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Expression levels of E receptor(ER),P receptor(PR),VEGF receptor 2(VEGFR2),and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31)in the uterine decidua in pregnant rats were detected by immunofluorescence staining,and semi-quantitative analysis was performed.Results Mifepristone significantly increased the vaginal bleeding rate and abortion rate in pregnant rats,but these were effectively reduced by treatment with Taxilli Herba water decoction.Taxilli Herba water decoction also increased serum E,P,and VEGF,and ovary levels of E and P(P＜0.05).The treatment also decreased serum LH,maintained the secretion of FSH,and enhanced ER,PR,VEGFR2,and CD31 expression in decidual tissue.Conclusions Taxilli Herba demonstrated effective miscarriage-prevention effects in a rat model of threatened abortion.Its mechanism of action involves regulating the normal physiological function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis upstream of the uterus,and enhancing the expression of the downstream P/PR/VEGF/VEGFR2 and E/ER/VEGF/VEGFR2 pathways.

Objective:To analyze the clinical outcomes of the first frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in patients <35 years old applying natural cycle (NC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze 4 814 young infertility patients who underwent the first FET in Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to June 2021. According to different endometrial preparation protocols, they were divided into 2 groups: NC group and HRT group, who were matched the baseline data using 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM). After the matching, the two groups of their baseline data, pregnancy outcomes and perinatal outcomes were compared, and then we adjusted the confounding factors which affect live birth rate by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Based on antral follicle count (AFC), number of embryos transferred and number of high-quality embryos transferred, the effect of NC and HRT on the live birth rate were further analyzed.Results:Before PSM, 2 131 patients in NC group and 2 683 patients in HRT group were included. The differences in female age, male age, body mass index (BMI), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), AFC, endometrial thickness on conversion day, and number of embryos transferred were all statistically significant between the two groups (all P<0.05). And the differences in number of high-quality embryos transferred and type of embryos transferred between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). After PSM, 1 441 patients in each of NC group and HRT group were included, and there were no significant differences in their baseline characteristics such as female age, male age and BMI between the two groups (all P<0.05). The live birth rate [50.66% (730/1 441)] and the clinical pregnancy rate [60.31% (869/1 441)] in NC group were significantly higher than those in HRT group [44.69% (644/1 441), P=0.001; 54.27% (782/1 441), P=0.001], and the incidence of very low birth weight in NC group was significantly lower than that in HRT group, and there were no statistical significances in other indicators between the two groups (all P>0.05). After adjusting confounders including bFSH, AMH, AFC, endometrial thickness on conversion day, number of embryos transferred and high-quality embryos transferred using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the results showed that NC was an independent protective factor for live birth rate in the first FET cycle ( aOR=1.280, 95% CI: 1.103-1.486, P=0.001). Stratified analysis showed that those with AFC<11, AFC 11-12, 2 embryos transferred and 2 high-quality embryos tranferred in NC group had significantly higher live birth rate [49.03% (151/308), 49.09% (349/711), 56.38% (442/784), 57.85% (350/605)] than those in HRT group [36.36% (120/330), P=0.001; 43.14% (286/663), P=0.027; 48.97% (379/774), P=0.003; 48.68% (294/604), P=0.001]. Conclusion:NC-FET had higher live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate than HRT-FET in young patients.

Objective:To analyze the clinical outcomes of the first frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in patients <35 years old applying natural cycle (NC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze 4 814 young infertility patients who underwent the first FET in Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to June 2021. According to different endometrial preparation protocols, they were divided into 2 groups: NC group and HRT group, who were matched the baseline data using 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM). After the matching, the two groups of their baseline data, pregnancy outcomes and perinatal outcomes were compared, and then we adjusted the confounding factors which affect live birth rate by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Based on antral follicle count (AFC), number of embryos transferred and number of high-quality embryos transferred, the effect of NC and HRT on the live birth rate were further analyzed.Results:Before PSM, 2 131 patients in NC group and 2 683 patients in HRT group were included. The differences in female age, male age, body mass index (BMI), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), AFC, endometrial thickness on conversion day, and number of embryos transferred were all statistically significant between the two groups (all P<0.05). And the differences in number of high-quality embryos transferred and type of embryos transferred between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). After PSM, 1 441 patients in each of NC group and HRT group were included, and there were no significant differences in their baseline characteristics such as female age, male age and BMI between the two groups (all P<0.05). The live birth rate [50.66% (730/1 441)] and the clinical pregnancy rate [60.31% (869/1 441)] in NC group were significantly higher than those in HRT group [44.69% (644/1 441), P=0.001; 54.27% (782/1 441), P=0.001], and the incidence of very low birth weight in NC group was significantly lower than that in HRT group, and there were no statistical significances in other indicators between the two groups (all P>0.05). After adjusting confounders including bFSH, AMH, AFC, endometrial thickness on conversion day, number of embryos transferred and high-quality embryos transferred using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the results showed that NC was an independent protective factor for live birth rate in the first FET cycle ( aOR=1.280, 95% CI: 1.103-1.486, P=0.001). Stratified analysis showed that those with AFC<11, AFC 11-12, 2 embryos transferred and 2 high-quality embryos tranferred in NC group had significantly higher live birth rate [49.03% (151/308), 49.09% (349/711), 56.38% (442/784), 57.85% (350/605)] than those in HRT group [36.36% (120/330), P=0.001; 43.14% (286/663), P=0.027; 48.97% (379/774), P=0.003; 48.68% (294/604), P=0.001]. Conclusion:NC-FET had higher live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate than HRT-FET in young patients.

Objective:To establish the fingerprints of Plantaginis Herba.Methods:The fingerprints were determined by UPLC. The peak areas of fingerprints of different parts and origins were analyzed by variance analysis and independent sample t-test. PCA, HCA, PLS-DA and other chemical patterns were analyzed by Simca14.1. The index weight was calculated by CRITIC, and the quality of plantain evaluation was combined with grey correlation degree.Results:The fingerprints of grass, stem, leaf and spike of Plantago depressa Willd. calibrated for 24, 16, 23 and 22 common peaks. The fingerprints of grass, stem, leaf and spike of Plantaginis Herba calibrated for 22, 10, 16 and 22 common peaks, and the fingerprints of commercial mixed plantain calibrated for 23 common peaks. 10 peaks were identified. The analysis of variance showed that there were differences in chromatographic peak areas between different parts of Plantago asiatica L. and Plantago depressa Willd.. And combinedede with PLS-DA, it showed that there were 16 important characteristic indexes in the classification, and the importance ranking was peak 3, 8, 28, 12, 14, 7, 5, 17, 6, 19, 23, 11, 22, 27, 9, 16. The quality evaluation results of critical method combined with grey correlation degree showed that among Plantago depressa Willd., Plantago asiatica L. and commercial mixed plantain herbs, the quality of Plantago asiatica L. was the best. Conclusion:The mixture of plantain exists in the market. The fingerprints established in this study can be used for the identification and quality evaluation of Plantaginis Herba from different sources.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in adverse drug reactions between newborns using medium/long chain fat emulsions and multiple types of oil fat emulsions, and to explore potential risk factors. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from newborns who used medium/long chain fat emulsions or multiple oil fat emulsions from January 2020 to June 2023. The China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System(CHPS) was used to retrieve adverse reaction information and evaluate it. Four hundred and ninety-nine newborns in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group and 1 940 newborns in the multiple oil fat emulsion group were included. Using logistic regression and stratified analysis to explore the safety differences between groups and the risk factors that affect the occurrence of adverse reactions. RESULTS The total incidence of adverse reactions in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group was 19.24%, with common adverse reactions including fever(5.81%), decreased hemoglobin(3.01%), increased blood pressure(2.40%) and hypoglycemia(2.40%); The total incidence of adverse reactions in the group of multiple oil fat emulsions was 36.44%, with a very common adverse reaction being fever(10.57%); common adverse reactions include decreased hemoglobin(8.97%), decreased blood pressure(3.20%), and increased blood pressure(3.09%); rare adverse reactions include liver dysfunction(0.05%), splenomegaly(0.05%) and cyanosis (0.05%). In univariate analysis, the risk of fever, decreased hemoglobin, and increased blood sugar in the group of multiple oil fat emulsions was higher than that in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group(P<0.05), but this association did not show statistical differences in the overall multivariate analysis. Furthermore, a stratified factor analysis based on gestational age found that the risk of fever and decreased hemoglobin in the group of multiple oil fat emulsions was significantly higher than that in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group in extremely premature infants. The corresponding OR(95%CI) were 6.437(1.327, 31.227) and 5.066(1.089, 23.570), respectively, with no significant differences observed in other gestational age stratification. CONCLUSION The risk of using medium/long chain fat emulsions in newborns is similar to that of using multiple types of oil fat emulsions. However, in extremely premature infants, the risk of fever and decreased hemoglobin in multiple types of oil fat emulsions is higher than that in medium/long chain fat emulsions. It is recommended to regularly monitor indicators such as body temperature, hemoglobin, and blood pressure, and do a good job in drug vigilance.

Objective:To compare the surgical and long-term follow-up results of partial anomalous pulmonary vein connection treated by double-patch method or Warden Technique.Methods:There were 33 cases of right pulmonary vein connected with the superior vena cava from May 2010 to May 2019 in our center treated by double-patch method or Warden technique. 21 cases were treated by double-patch method and 12 cases by Warden technique. Echocardiography and electrocardiogram were followed up regularly to observe the occurrence of arrhythmia, superior vena cava stenosis and pulmonary vein stenosis postoperatively.Results:All patients were discharged uneventfully, and were followed up for 1~8 years. In double-patch group, 2 cases with arrhythmia, 1 of whom was junctional arrhythmia which was automatically converted to sinus rhythm 1 day after surgery. The other had an early second degree atrioventricular block after surgery, and sinus rhythm was restored 3 days later with temporary pacemaker. 1 case had superior vena cava stenosis by echocardiography(PD 8 mmHg). No arrhythmia was found in long-term follow-up in Warden group. 2 cases had superior vena cava stenosis by echocardiography(PD 6 mmHg). Right pulmonary vein stenosis(PD 8 mmHg) was found in 1 case by echocardiography, no obvious aggravation was found in long-term follow-up.Conclusion:The double-patch method and Warden Technique are both safe and effective in the treatment of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection.