Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and its symptoms are subject to the composition of the gut microbiota. However, it is not yet clear how probiotics relieve IBS, and there is no well-acknowledged standards concerning the clinical application of probiotics. This systematic review was conducted on the literature published from January 2020 to December 2023 and included 12 randomized controlled trials on probiotics in the treatment of IBS. Compared with placebo, the probiotic preparations improved the overall efficacy in IBS patients and was also well tolerated, suggesting the potential of probiotics in IBS management. Nevertheless, different probiotic strains, dosages, combinations, and dosing schedules may affect the outcomes. In the future, large-scale, multi-center, long-term follow-up studies are still needed to clarify the effective strains and methods of use and to promote the use of probiotics in the treatment of IBS.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and its symptoms are subject to the composition of the gut microbiota. However, it is not yet clear how probiotics relieve IBS, and there is no well-acknowledged standards concerning the clinical application of probiotics. This systematic review was conducted on the literature published from January 2020 to December 2023 and included 12 randomized controlled trials on probiotics in the treatment of IBS. Compared with placebo, the probiotic preparations improved the overall efficacy in IBS patients and was also well tolerated, suggesting the potential of probiotics in IBS management. Nevertheless, different probiotic strains, dosages, combinations, and dosing schedules may affect the outcomes. In the future, large-scale, multi-center, long-term follow-up studies are still needed to clarify the effective strains and methods of use and to promote the use of probiotics in the treatment of IBS.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of dulaglutide combined with metformin in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 200 obese patients with T2DM who were treated in Shanghai Jiading District Anting Hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were randomly divided into liraglutide group(n=100)and dulaglutide group(n=100).The liraglutide group was treated with liraglutide combined with metformin,and the dulaglutide group was treated with dulaglutide combined with metformin.Both groups were treated for 3 months.The body metabolic indexes[fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 h postprandial blood glucose(2 h PBG),hemoglobin(HbA1 c),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)],body fat composition[body fat rate,body mass index,subcutaneous fat rate of limbs,visceral fat index]and serum adipokines(adiponectin,neuropeptide Q(NPQ),asprosin,irisin)levels were compared before treatment and 3 months after treatment.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed.Results After 3 months of treatment,FBG,2 h PBG,HbAlc,TC,TG,body fat rate,body mass index,subcutaneous fat rate of limbs,visceral fat index and asprosin in the two groups were lower than those before treatment,and those in the dulaglutide group were lower than those in the liraglutide group(P＜0.05).After 3 months of treatment,the levels of serum adiponectin,NPQ and irisin in the two groups were higher than those before treatment,and the increase in the dulaglutide group was greater than that in the liraglutide group(P＜0.05).The effective rate of dulaglutide group(98.00%)was higher than that of liraglutide group(91.00%)(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(11.00%,14.00%)(P＞0.05).Conclusion Dulaglutide combined with metformin could improve the metabolic status of obese T2 DM patients,regulate body fat composition and serum adipokines,with significant clinical efficacy and safety.