Depression is a common mental disorder in clinical practice， and it falls under the category of depression syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In TCM， Qi depression is considered as the root cause of all depression syndromes. Qi depression can lead to blood stasis， which is a key cause of diseases due to depression syndrome. Therefore， treating stasis is an important therapeutic approach for depression syndrome. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， a representative herbal medicine for activating blood and removing stasis， is effective in activating blood， removing stasis， dredging meridians， and alleviating pain. Currently， it is primarily used in clinical practice to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， such as neurasthenia， coronary heart disease， insomnia， and palpitations. The active components of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are complex and exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects. These components include water-soluble salvianolic acids and lipid-soluble tanshinones. Modern pharmacological studies have proven that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its active components possess antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， anti-tumor， anti-fibrosis， and neuroprotective properties. In recent years， increasing attention has been paid to the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its active components in treating depression. This paper systematically reviews the antidepressant mechanisms of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its main active components from the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters， the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， neurotrophic factors， and neuroinflammation. In addition， this paper summarizes the clinical applications of the prescriptions containing Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of depression， providing new insights for further research on the pharmacological mechanisms of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in treating depression.

Objective: To investigate the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs in Tianjin, so as to provide scientific evidence for childhood obesity prevention and intervention measures in the population. Methods: From January 2022 to June 2024, 296 children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders aged 2-18 years were recruited from special education schools and institutions in Tianjin. Height and weight were measured, and a standardized questionnaire was used to assess physical activity and screen time. Binary Logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs in Tianjin were 17.2% and 21.6%, respectively, and the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38.9%. The median of moderatetovigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was 0.20 h/d, and physical activity sufficiency rate was 7.8%. The median of screen time was 1.79 h/d, and the screen time compliance rate was 68.2%. The binary Logistic regression results showed that lower levels of MVPA time and increased screen time were associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs [OR(95%CI)=1.80(1.06-3.07), 2.40(1.42-4.07),P<0.05]. Conclusions Insufficient physical activity and excessive screen time are associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs. Therefore, comprehensive intervention measures should be implemented as early as possible to prevent and reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity in this population.

With the main pathological features of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis， renal fibrosis is a key pathological process causing chronic kidney disease to progress to end-stage disease. As a cellular autophagic process， mitochondrial autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial mass and functional stability. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be one of the key factors driving the progression of fibrosis. Phosphatase and tension protein homologue （PTEN） induce various signalling pathways such as putative kinase 1/parkin， Nip3-like protein X/Bcl-2 interacting protein 3， and FUN14 structural domain-containing protein 1 to activate mitochondrial autophagy to participate in the regulation of fibrogenic factors， amelioration of oxidative stress， and inhibition of inflammatory response and apoptosis， which in turn effectively slows down the progression of renal fibrosis. Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine monomers and compound preparations， including phenolics， terpenoids， ketones， and alkaloids， can regulate mitochondrial autophagy-related signalling pathways and achieve significant clinical efficacy in intervening in the progression of renal fibrosis for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. This paper summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in renal fibrosis to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating renal fibrosis.

With the main pathological features of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis， renal fibrosis is a key pathological process causing chronic kidney disease to progress to end-stage disease. As a cellular autophagic process， mitochondrial autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial mass and functional stability. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be one of the key factors driving the progression of fibrosis. Phosphatase and tension protein homologue （PTEN） induce various signalling pathways such as putative kinase 1/parkin， Nip3-like protein X/Bcl-2 interacting protein 3， and FUN14 structural domain-containing protein 1 to activate mitochondrial autophagy to participate in the regulation of fibrogenic factors， amelioration of oxidative stress， and inhibition of inflammatory response and apoptosis， which in turn effectively slows down the progression of renal fibrosis. Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine monomers and compound preparations， including phenolics， terpenoids， ketones， and alkaloids， can regulate mitochondrial autophagy-related signalling pathways and achieve significant clinical efficacy in intervening in the progression of renal fibrosis for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. This paper summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in renal fibrosis to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating renal fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1) binds to double-stranded RNA and catalyzes the deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I). The functional mechanism of ADAR1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of ADAR1 in NSCLC and to elucidate its potential role in regulating tumor cell proliferation and migration. METHODS: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and cBioPortal were analyzed to assess the correlation between high ADAR1 expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis in lung cancer. We performed Western blot (WB), cell proliferation assays, Transwell invasion/migration assays, and nude mouse xenograft modeling to examine the phenotypic changes and molecular mechanisms induced by ADAR1 knockdown. Furthermore, the ADAR1 p150 overexpression model was utilized to validate the proposed mechanism. RESULTS: ADAR1 expression was significantly elevated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (LUAD: P=3.70×10-15, LUSC: P=0.016). High ADAR1 expression was associated with poor prognosis (LUAD: P=2.03×10-2, LUSC: P=2.81×10-2) and distant metastasis (P=0.003). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that elevated ADAR1 was associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway activation, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, and cell adhesion. ADAR1 and MMP-9 levels showed a strongly positive correlation (P=6.45×10-34) in 10 lung cancer cell lines, highest in H1581. Knockdown of ADAR1 in H1581 cells induced a rounded cellular morphology with reduced pseudopodia. Concomitantly, it suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and in vivo tumorigenesis. It also suppressed ERK phosphorylation and downregulated cellular Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (c-FOS), MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin. Conversely, ADAR1 p150 overexpression in PC9 cells enhanced ERK phosphorylation and increased c-FOS and MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSIONS High ADAR1 expression is closely associated with poor prognosis and distant metastasis in NSCLC patients. Mechanistically, ADAR1 may promote proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis in lung cancer cells via the ERK/c-FOS/MMP-9 axis.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Adenosine Deaminase/genetics* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/physiopathology* ; Cell Movement ; Animals ; Mice ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Female ; Male ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics* ; Middle Aged ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Mice, Nude ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics*

General anesthesia, pivotal for surgical procedures, requires precise depth monitoring to mitigate risks ranging from intraoperative awareness to postoperative cognitive impairments. Traditional assessment methods, relying on physiological indicators or behavioral responses, fall short of accurately capturing the nuanced states of unconsciousness. This study introduces a machine learning-based approach to decode anesthesia depth, leveraging EEG data across different anesthesia states induced by propofol and esketamine in rats. Our findings demonstrate the model's robust predictive accuracy, underscored by a novel intra-subject dataset partitioning and a 5-fold cross-validation method. The research diverges from conventional monitoring by utilizing anesthetic infusion rates as objective indicators of anesthesia states, highlighting distinct EEG patterns and enhancing prediction accuracy. Moreover, the model's ability to generalize across individuals suggests its potential for broad clinical application, distinguishing between anesthetic agents and their depths. Despite relying on rat EEG data, which poses questions about real-world applicability, our approach marks a significant advance in anesthesia monitoring.
Animals ; Machine Learning ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Ketamine/administration & dosage* ; Rats ; Male ; Propofol/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Anesthesia, General/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring/methods*

OBJECTIVE To develop a magnetic resonance(MRI) imaging radiomics and clinical factor model to predict recurrence and metastasis in patients with primary stage Ⅱ-Ⅳa nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) and to validate its predictive effect on adjuvant chemotherapy(AC) outcomes. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 135 patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅳa NPC diagnosed in Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital of Shenzhen City from February 2018 to October 2021. After receiving standard synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy at our hospital,some patients received induction chemotherapy and/or AC based on cisplatin/nedaplatin. The imaging features of enhanced MRI sequences were extracted using PyRadiomics platform. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) algorithm to filter features associated with recurrence or metastasis,a clinical radiomics model(CRM) was constructed by Cox multivariate analysis in a training cohort and validated in a validation cohort. All patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the model's median Rad score. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare 3-year recurrence or metastasis free survival(RMFS) in patients with AC in high-risk group and low risk-group. RESULTS A total of 960 imaging features were extracted. The CRM consists of 9 features(6 imaging features and 3 clinical factors). In the training cohort,the area under the CRM curve(AUC) of 3-year RMFS was 0.867(P<0.001),and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.32％ and 79.66％,respectively. In the validation cohort,the AUC was 0.836(P<0.001) and the sensitivity and specificity were 100.0％ and 71.43％,respectively. The 3-year RMFS in high-risk and low-risk groups was 42.86％(27/63) and 94.44％(68/72)(log rank=50.818,P<0.001),respectively. Among CRM high-risk patients,3-year RMFS was significantly better in patients who received AC than those who did not(log rank=6.204,P=0.013). CONCLUSION CRM based on 3 clinical factors and 6 MRI features provides a non-invasive method for predicting the prognosis of NPC,which may help guide treatment decisions for clinical adjuvant chemotherapy,but further external verification is needed.

Objective To observe the effects of Huoxue Digui Decoction on iron accumulation and ferroptosis in renal podocytes of diabetic nephropathy(DN)mice.Methods Totally 50 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group(6 mice)and modeling group(44 mice).The DN model was established by streptozotocin injection.Mice conforming to DN model were randomly divided into model group(8 mice),and sulforaphane group,Huoxue Digui Decoction low-,medium-and high-dosage groups(6 mice for each group).The sulforaphane group was injected with sulforaphane intraperitoneally,while Huoxue Digui Decoction low-,medium-and high-dosage groups were orally administered with corresponding solution for 12 consecutive weeks.The fasting blood glucose,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,24 h urinary albumin were detected,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of renal tissue,PAS staining was used to observe glycogen deposition in renal tissue,Masson staining was used to observe fibrosis in renal tissue;transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of renal tissue,immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Podocin and Nephrin in renal tissue,Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),ACSL4,nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2)and ferroportin 1(FPN1)in renal tissue,Prussian blue staining was used to observe the deposition of ferric ion in renal tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the fasting blood glucose,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine and 24 h urinary albumin in model group significantly increased(P<0.01),with renal tissue capillary atrophy,increased glycogen deposition,and worsening fibrosis,the expressions of Podocin and Nephrin in renal tissue were down-regulated,while the expressions of GPX4,Nrf2 and FPN1 protein were significantly decreased(P<0.01),the expression of ACSL4 protein significantly increased(P<0.01),and the deposition of ferric ion in renal tissue increased.Compared with the model group,the fasting blood glucose,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine and 24 h urinary albumin in sulforaphane group and Huoxue Digui Decoction groups were reduced to different degrees(P<0.05,P<0.01),renal tissue pathological damage was reduced to varying degrees,glycogen deposition was reduced,and fibrosis was alleviated,the expressions of Podocin and Nephrin in renal tissue were up-regulated,while the expressions of GPX4,Nrf2 and FPN1 protein significantly increased(P<0.01),the expression of ACSL4 protein significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the deposition of ferric ion in renal tissue was reduced.Conclusion Huoxue Digui Decoction can alleviate renal pathological injury,reduce blood glucose and delay the progression of DN mice.The mechanism may be related to regulating the expressions of Nrf2 and FPN1,inhibiting iron accumulation and ferroptosis in renal podocytes of DN mice.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.