Traditional Chinese medicine upholds the unity of nature and humanity as its fundamental principle,asserting that man is in harmony with heaven and earth and corresponds to the sun and moon.Human life processes align with the circadian rhythms of nature,exhibiting periodic temporal changes-concepts that Western medicine defines as biological rhythms.The"opening-closing-pivot"of the three yin and three yang meridians represents the primary mode of interaction between nature and humanity.This mechanism regulates the transformation of yin and yang to qi within the body,ensuring synchronization with the circadian rhythm.Building upon this foundation,the concept of"the harmony of rhythms and states"was proposed to explain human growth and aging."Rhythms"encompass not only circadian cycles but also the movement of qi and blood,as well as the contraction rhythm of muscle fascia,among other physiological processes."States"refer to the dynamic evolution and transformation of qi during the"opening-closing-pivot"stages in both time and space."Harmony"pertains not only to the individual physiological balance of"rhythms"or"states"but also to their coherent interaction.The fundamental cause of myopia is"the disharmony of rhythms and states",considering that rhythm disorders,qi and blood disorders,and fascia imbalances contribute to this disease.Based on this understanding,myopia prevention and treatment should center on"regulating rhythms and states",with adjusting the pivot to brighten the eyes as the core therapeutic principle throughout the entire cycle of myopia.Treatment should be tailored to different disease stages and supplemented with methods such as time-based regulation,qi and blood harmonization,tendon relaxation and collateral dredging,and essence and blood nourishment to prevent and manage myopia effectively.

This paper explores the therapeutic approach for glaucoma based on the concept of "jueyin （厥阴） as the closing phase" from the perspectives of time and space. In traditional Chinese medicine， jueyin governs inward， converging aspect of qi， representing the crucial turning point between the end of yin and the emergence of yang， as well as the transformation between yin and yang. When the closing and descending function of jueyin operates smoothly， it promotes the inward convergence and smooth descent of qi， enabling the internal retention of blood， spirit， and emotions， which nourishes the internal organs and moistens the meridian-sinews. Conversely， dysfunction of this "closing" mechanism results in a disturbance of yin and yang， a mixture of cold and heat， and disharmony of qi and blood. It is proposed that "failure of jueyin to properly close and descend" is a core pathomechanism of glaucoma. From the perspective of spatiotemporal theory， clinical treatment should focus on "regulating the closing function of jueyin and harmonizing yin and yang". The modified Wumei Pill （乌梅丸） is recommended to adjust the ascending-descending and entering-exiting dynamics of jueyin qi transformation， thereby restoring its free flow， achieving yin and yang balance， and ensuring nourishment to the ocular system.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy for surgical treatments among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in Gansu Province from 2006 to 2023, so as to provide insights into optimization of the diagnosis and treatment strategies against hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Methods The demographic and clinical data of all echinococcosis cases included in central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control and undergoing surgical treatments in Gansu Province from 2006 to 2023 were captured. Hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients with complete medical records and follow-up data were included in the study, and patients’ characteristics, including hospital where patients received diagnosis and treatment, methods of case identification, year of surgery, classification of lesions, number of lesions, size of lesions, course of disease, surgical methods, and post-surgical follow-up data. The cure and recurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were evaluated according to the Guidelines for Management of Echinococcosis Patients in the Central Government Fiscal Transfer Payment Program, and the cure and recurrent rates were calculated. Results Data were collected from 1 686 surgical patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1 222 hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients undergoing surgical treatments were included during the period from 2006 to 2022, including 1 166 cured patients (95.42%) and 88 patients with postsurgical recurrence (7.20%), and the cure rate of surgical treatments appeared a tendency towards a rise among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis from 2008 to 2022 (χ²_trend = 19.39, P < 0.05). The cure rates of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were 100% (177/177), 94.81% (128/135) and 94.62% (861/910) among patients detected through regular physical examinations, screened by the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control, and those who passively sought healthcare services, respectively (χ² = 9.95, P < 0.05). The cure rates of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were 95.96% (1 046/1 090) among patients with a disease course of 2 years and less and 90.90% (120/132) among patients with a disease course of over 2 years (χ² = 6.87, P < 0.05), and there were significant differences in the cure rates among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in terms of number of lesions (χ² = 24.44, P < 0.05) and surgical methods (P < 0.05). The cure rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients was significantly higher following initiation of the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control (96.06%, 1 096/1 141) than before the program (86.42%, 70/81) (χ² = 16.06, P < 0.05), and the cure rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients was significantly higher in designated hospitals (96.48%, 741/768) than in non-designated hospitals (93.37%, 366/392) (χ² = 5.78, P < 0.05). The median follow-up period was 4 (interquartile range, 7) years among 1 222 hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients undergoing surgical treatments. The recurrent rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2008 to 2022 (χ²_trend = 36.86, P < 0.05), with a reduction from 23.08% (9/39) in 2008 to 1.85% (1/54) in 2021, and the post-surgical recurrence rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis was lower following initiation of the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control (5.87%, 67 / 1 141) than before the program (25.93%, 21/81) (χ² = 45.51, P < 0.05). In addition, the post-surgical recurrence rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis was higher in non-designated hospitals (10.46%, 41/392) than in designated hospitals (5.60%, 43/768) (χ² = 9.12, P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the post-surgical recurrence rate among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in terms of surgical methods (P < 0.05), with the highest recurrence rate (11.54%) seen among patients undergoing percutaneous fine-needle aspiration of cyst fluids-based surgical procedures (P < 0.05). Conclusion Since the initiation of the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control in Gansu Province in 2006, an increase in the surgical cure rate and a reduction in the recurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis had been found among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis, indicating a high overall therapeutic efficacy.

Genetic factors are often involved in the pathogenesis of young adult stroke, and its subtype, atherosclerotic type of large arteries, may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but little is known about its underlying pathogenesis. To provide clues for better understanding of identifying relevant stroke etiological genetic factors and adopting effective preventive strategies, the role of genetic factors in atherosclerosis and related risk factors was described, and the possible genetic mechanisms of large-artery atherosclerotic stroke in young people were explored, which may be further investigated in future research in the following areas: etiological typing of stroke in young people and the related genetic mechanisms; modifiable vascular risk factors and the development of secondary prevention strategies; high-resolution vascular imaging magnetic resonance imaging in the etiological typing of stroke in young people and the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaques.

Retinopathy caused by myopia is the first cause of irreversible blinding eye disease in China.The TCM methods to prevent and control myopia mainly include Chinese materia medica and TCM appropriate techniques,which have the advantages of good efficacy,simple operation,and few adverse reactions.This paper believed that internal and external pathogenic factors act on the brain and eyes,breaking their homeostasis,leading to rhythmic disorders,and imbalance of essence,qi and blood is the main pathogenesis of myopia.Based on the idea of"nature and human in the same rhythm"and"the same treatment for common diseases",targeting the above pathogenesis,the method of"brain-eye synchronization"was proposed to restore the homeostasis of the brain and eyes to prevent and control myopia in children and adolescents,and the treatment rules were to regulate the rhythms of the time,harmonize the qi and blood,nourish the blood to soften the tendons,and replenish the essence and blood,so as to achieve the effect of brain-eye synchronization and the treatment of the spirit and the body together.This article summarized the theoretical basis of"brain-eye synchronization"and its clinical application in traditional Chinese and Western medicine,with a view to providing new ideas for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.

Retinopathy caused by myopia is the first cause of irreversible blinding eye disease in China.The TCM methods to prevent and control myopia mainly include Chinese materia medica and TCM appropriate techniques,which have the advantages of good efficacy,simple operation,and few adverse reactions.This paper believed that internal and external pathogenic factors act on the brain and eyes,breaking their homeostasis,leading to rhythmic disorders,and imbalance of essence,qi and blood is the main pathogenesis of myopia.Based on the idea of"nature and human in the same rhythm"and"the same treatment for common diseases",targeting the above pathogenesis,the method of"brain-eye synchronization"was proposed to restore the homeostasis of the brain and eyes to prevent and control myopia in children and adolescents,and the treatment rules were to regulate the rhythms of the time,harmonize the qi and blood,nourish the blood to soften the tendons,and replenish the essence and blood,so as to achieve the effect of brain-eye synchronization and the treatment of the spirit and the body together.This article summarized the theoretical basis of"brain-eye synchronization"and its clinical application in traditional Chinese and Western medicine,with a view to providing new ideas for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.

Traditional Chinese medicine upholds the unity of nature and humanity as its fundamental principle,asserting that man is in harmony with heaven and earth and corresponds to the sun and moon.Human life processes align with the circadian rhythms of nature,exhibiting periodic temporal changes-concepts that Western medicine defines as biological rhythms.The"opening-closing-pivot"of the three yin and three yang meridians represents the primary mode of interaction between nature and humanity.This mechanism regulates the transformation of yin and yang to qi within the body,ensuring synchronization with the circadian rhythm.Building upon this foundation,the concept of"the harmony of rhythms and states"was proposed to explain human growth and aging."Rhythms"encompass not only circadian cycles but also the movement of qi and blood,as well as the contraction rhythm of muscle fascia,among other physiological processes."States"refer to the dynamic evolution and transformation of qi during the"opening-closing-pivot"stages in both time and space."Harmony"pertains not only to the individual physiological balance of"rhythms"or"states"but also to their coherent interaction.The fundamental cause of myopia is"the disharmony of rhythms and states",considering that rhythm disorders,qi and blood disorders,and fascia imbalances contribute to this disease.Based on this understanding,myopia prevention and treatment should center on"regulating rhythms and states",with adjusting the pivot to brighten the eyes as the core therapeutic principle throughout the entire cycle of myopia.Treatment should be tailored to different disease stages and supplemented with methods such as time-based regulation,qi and blood harmonization,tendon relaxation and collateral dredging,and essence and blood nourishment to prevent and manage myopia effectively.

Genetic factors are often involved in the pathogenesis of young adult stroke, and its subtype, atherosclerotic type of large arteries, may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but little is known about its underlying pathogenesis. To provide clues for better understanding of identifying relevant stroke etiological genetic factors and adopting effective preventive strategies, the role of genetic factors in atherosclerosis and related risk factors was described, and the possible genetic mechanisms of large-artery atherosclerotic stroke in young people were explored, which may be further investigated in future research in the following areas: etiological typing of stroke in young people and the related genetic mechanisms; modifiable vascular risk factors and the development of secondary prevention strategies; high-resolution vascular imaging magnetic resonance imaging in the etiological typing of stroke in young people and the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaques.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The theory of “rhythmic equilibrium” is developed based on the idea of sharing the same laws between nature and human， and by integrating with the medical concept of homeostasis of calm yin and sound yang. "Rhythmic instability" runs through the entire process of the occurrence and development of myopia， covering four aspects including imbalance of rhythm （high-risk period of myopia）， imbalance of qi and blood （premyopia）， imbalance of sinew-membranes （low myopia）， and imbalance of essence and blood （high myopia）. The treatment should focus on adjusting the rhythm and harmonizing situation， which can help balance yin and yang， and nourish the eye system. For high-risk period of myopia， adjusting sleeping time and increasing outdoor activities are stressed to adjust the rhythm in a timely manner. In the stage of premyopia， appropriate techniques of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） such as pressing needles can be added to harmonize qi and blood. In the period of low myopia， appropriate TCM techniques such as pressing needles and ear acupuncture are mainly used， supplemented by modified Danggui Buxue Decoction （当归补血汤） to soften tendons and unblock collaterals. During the period of high myopia， it is recommended to control the development of existing disease and put focus on nourishing essence and blood， usually with Zhujing Pill （驻景丸） or modified Siwu Wuzi Decoction （四物五子汤） to restore the stability of the eyes and the whole body.