AIM: To detect the distribution and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in radiation retinopathy(RR)through fluorescence targeted imaging.METHODS:Covalent binding of fluorescein FITC with VEGF antibody ranibizumab to prepare targeted fluorescent imaging probe ranibizumab-FITC. SD rats were randomly divided into three groups based on the principle of weight balance: a normal control group(Con group), a low-dose radiation group(10 Gy group), and a high-dose radiation group(30 Gy group). Medical linear accelerators and lead blocks were used to locally irradiate the rat eyeballs for modeling. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of VEGF-A in each group and to screen for appropriate modeling dose. The inverted fluorescence microscope and the confocal microscope were used to observe the distribution of VEGF and imaging probes in the retinas of control and RR model group rats, and to verify the effectiveness of targeted probes.RESULTS:The expression level of VEGF-A in the retina of rats in the high-dose radiation group(30 Gy group)was higher than that in the normal control group(Con group). In early RR, VEGF expression was observed to be associated with microaneurysms and abnormal microvessels in the retina. VEGF accumulation was observed at the site of capillary wall damage. When retinal capillary endothelial damage occurred, targeted probes gathered on the outer surface of the vessel wall.CONCLUSION:The expression level of VEGF in the retina of RR model rats is elevated, and fluorescent targeted molecular imaging probes can detect the spatial distribution of VEGF at the microvascular lesions in the retina of RR rats.

Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible pathological process in various chronic liver diseases and is closely associated with the development and progression of severe liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma， and it has emerged as a significant global health challenge. In recent years， studies have shown that histone lactylation， a newly discovered epigenetic modification， actively participates in regulating the progression of hepatic fibrosis. This article systematically reviews the core regulatory effect of histone lactylation modification in the interaction between inflammatory microenvironment and hepatic fibrosis， in order to clarify the cascade regulatory mechanism of “inflammation-hepatic fibrosis” and provide new insights for early diagnosis， targeted intervention， and prevention of malignant transformation in hepatic fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of isoacteoside on the replication process of respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） and its underlying mechanism. MethodsRSV-infected HEp-2 cells （control group） were treated with isoacteoside （isoacteoside-treated group）. Real-time quantitative PCR （qPCR） was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of the RSV fusion protein （F） gene and matrix protein （M） gene in both groups. Viral titers were determined by plaque assay to assess the inhibitory effect of isoacteoside on viral replication. The number of RSV inclusion bodies formed was determined using cell transfection and laser confocal imaging to evaluate the role of isoacteoside in the formation of inclusion bodies required for RSV replication. 18 seven-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups： uninfected control group （n=6）， RSV-infected group （n=6）， and RSV-infected group treated with isoacteoside （n=6）. 5 days after infection， the mice were euthanized and lung tissues were collected for pathological analysis to assess the therapeutic effects of isoacteoside on RSV-induced lung tissue injury. ResultsCompared to the control group， the isoacteoside-treated group exhibited the reduced mRNA levels of the RSV F gene （t=17.13， P<0.001） and M gene （t=18.22， P<0.001）， as well as a decrease in viral titer （t=15.32， P<0.001）. The number of inclusion bodies was also significantly reduced （t=16.12， P<0.001）. In the RSV-infected mouse experiment， compared to the RSV-infected group， the isoacteoside-treated group showed a decrease in the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-4 （t=14.76， P<0.01） and IL-6 （t=21.13， P<0.001） in lung tissues， as well as decreased mRNA levels of the viral load-associated genes F （t=19.52， P<0.001） and M （t=18.76， P<0.001） in lung tissues. Pathological damage to lung tissue caused by RSV infection was alleviated. ConclusionIsoacteoside inhibits RSV replication by interfering with the formation of RSV inclusion bodies and alleviates lung tissue injury induced by RSV infection in mice.

Liver fibrosis is a critical pathological process in the progression of chronic liver diseases and is mainly driven by the activation of hepatic stellate cells， and it is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Programmed cell death is widely observed in liver fibrosis and plays diverse roles in different types of cells. It is not only a mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis through metabolism， but it can also regulate the development and progression of diseases. Ferroptosis has recently emerged as a research focus due to its close association with lipid metabolism. This article systematically reviews the related concepts of lipid metabolism， ferroptosis， and liver fibrosis， analyzes the bridging role and dual regulatory function of ferroptosis in lipid metabolism and liver fibrosis， and further highlights the clinical application value of targeting ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells for the treatment of liver fibrosis， in order to provide new perspectives for the mechanistic studies on liver fibrosis and the optimization of related clinical intervention strategies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Zhishi Daozhi Formula （枳实导滞方， ZDF） on inflammation in rats with sepsis-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction based on the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-κB （TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB） signaling pathway and intestinal flora. MethodsSixty SD rats were randomly divided into sham‑operation group， model group， ulinastatin group， and low‑， medium‑ and high‑dose ZDF groups， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the sham‑operation group， the rat model of sepsis‑induced gastrointestinal dysfunction was established by cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）. Three days before modeling and 12 h after modeling， the low-， medium- and high-dose ZDF groups were intragastrically administered with ZDF solution at doses of 3.80， 7.60 and 15.20 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹， respectively. The ulinastatin group received intraperitoneal injection of ulinastatin at 100,000 U/kg， while the sham-operation and model groups were given normal saline at 1 ml/100 g by gavage. All interventions were performed once daily for 4 consecutive days. Tow hours after the last intervention， gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate were detected. Gastrointestinal function indicators including D‑lactic acid （D‑LA） and intestinal fatty acid binding protein （i‑FABP）， as well as inflammatory indicators including procalcitonin （PCT） and C‑reactive protein （CRP） were measured by ELISA 24 h after modeling. The counts of Escherichia coli， Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestine were compared. The histopathological morphological changes of the rat intestinal mucosa were observed by HE staining. The protein and mRNA expressions of IκB kinase （Ikk）， TLR4， MyD88 and NF‑κB in ileal tissues were detected by western blot and qRT‑PCR， respectively. ResultsCompared to the sham-operation group， the model group showed decreased gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate， increased intestinal Escherichia coli count， elevated serum D‑LA， i‑FABP， PCT and CRP levels， increased protein and mRNA expressions of Ikk， TLR4， MyD88 and NF-κB in ileal tissue， decreased counts of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium （P＜0.05）， accompanied by obvious pathological injury of ileal mucosa. Compared to the model group， all medication groups exhibited significant improvements in the above mentioned indicators and alleviated intestinal mucosal injury （P＜0.05）. Compared to the ulinastatin group， except for D-LA in the medium-dose ZDF group， the differences in the above indicators between the low- and medium-dose ZDF groups were statistically significant （P＜0.05）， while the differences between the high-dose ZDF group and the ulinastatin group were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. With increasing dosage， the gastric emptying rate， small intestinal propulsion rate， Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts in the rats of all three ZDF groups increased， while the levels of serum D-LA， PCT， CRP， and i-FABP， the protein levels of Ikk， TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB in intestinal tissue， and the Escherichia coli count decreased （P＜0.05）. ConclusionZDF can ameliorate intestinal mucosal injury， maintain intestinal flora balance and inhibit inflammatory response in rats with sepsis‑induced gastrointestinal dysfunction， with the high-dose group showing the best efficacy， which may be achieved by down‑regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To construct large medical model named by "Huaxi HongYi"and explore its application effectiveness in assisting medical record generation. Methods By the way of a full-chain medical large model construction paradigm of "data annotation - model training - scenario incubation", through strategies such as multimodal data fusion, domain adaptation training, and localization of hardware adaptation, "Huaxi HongYi" with 72 billion parameters was constructed. Combined with technologies such as speech recognition, knowledge graphs, and reinforcement learning, an application system for assisting in the generation of medical records was developed. Results Taking the assisted generation of discharge records as an example, in the pilot department, after using the application system, the average completion times of writing a medical records shortened (21 min vs. 5 min) with efficiency increased by 3.2 time, the accuracy rate of the model output reached 92.4%. Conclusion It is feasible for medical institutions to build independently controllable medical large models and incubate various applications based on these models, providing a reference pathway for artificial intelligence development in similar institutions.

Objective To analyze relevant literature on the essence of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes using bibliometric methods;To understand the current research status and hotspots in this field;To provide references for relevant research.Methods Research literature about the essence of TCM syndromes was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM from 1st Jan.1979 to 30th June 2024.CiteSpace 6.2 software was used to conduct visualization analysis on authors,institutions,keywords,etc.Results A total of 695 articles were included,with an overall upward trend in publication volume followed by stabilization.The authors who published more articles included Luo Ren(13 articles),Zhao Xiaoshan(13 articles),Li Zegeng(12 articles),etc.The institutions with more publications included Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(35 articles),Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(33 articles),Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(26 articles),etc.Institutions were clustered regionally,and cooperation was mostly between TCM universities and their affiliated hospitals,with less cross regional communication.High frequency keywords included kidney yang deficiency syndrome,metabolomics,animal models,TCM syndrome types,coronary heart disease,lung qi deficiency syndrome,spleen qi deficiency syndrome,liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome,etc;Keyword clustering covered aspects such as biomolecules and metabolism,TCM syndromes,pathology,disease models,and animal research.Conclusion Research in the field of the essence of TCM syndromes is gradually receiving more attention.Exploring the essence of TCM syndromes at the molecular level through techniques such as genomics,transcriptomics,metabolomics and proteomics is a research hotspot and trend in this field.

Objective To detect and identify the differentially expressed tsRNA in the serum of patients with Sj?gren's syndrome(SS),and preliminarily explore their potential application value in the diagnosis of SS.Methods The serum samples from SS patients diagnosed at the Rheumatology Department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and healthy controls(HCs)matched age and gender were collected,and the differentially expressed tsRNA were screened by small RNA sequencing.Fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to valid the sequence data.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnos-tic efficiency of tRNA-Gly-GCC-1-1.KEGG and GO analysis were used to predict the potential mechanism of tRNA-GLy-GCC-1-1 in the occurrence and development of SS.Results Compared with HCs(13.34[10.45,18.74]fmol/L),the levels of serum tRNA-Gly-GCC-1-1 in SS patients(8.82[7.26,12.20]fmol/L)were significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1),and its area under the ROC curve(AUCROC)in distinguishing SS patients from HCs was 0.766(95%CI:0.671-0.861).When the cut-off value was 9.97 fmol/L,its sensitivity and specificity were 83.33%and 64.58%,respectively.Bioinformatics analysis showed that serum tRNA-Gly-GCC-1-1 might be involved in the regulation of signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt.Conclusion Serum tRNA-Gly-GCC-1-1 in SS patients is significantly down-regulated,which has potential clinical application value in assisting the diagnosis of SS.

An ideal dermal filler should integrate filling, repair, and anti-aging effects, with immediate tissue augmentation, slow degradation, and progressive stimulation of collagen regeneration. However, commonly used hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, while effective for rapid filling, suffer from limited duration of support, weak cell adhesion, and an inability to promote collagen regeneration. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein from silkworm cocoons, is known for its excellent cell adhesion and collagen-stimulating abilities. However, its limited gelation capability restricts its potential application as a standalone injectable hydrogel. Based on a complementary strategy, this study combines the rapid gelling properties of HA with the collagen regenerative properties of SF to create a co-crosslinked HA-SF hydrogel. The composite hydrogel merges HA's rapid filling effect with SF's strong tissue adhesion and collagen-stimulating abilities. The formulation, physicochemical properties, degradation, biocompatibility, and filling effects of the HA-SF hydrogel were systematically investigated. HA-SF hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties and ensures long-term support while maintaining injectability. Interestingly, after intradermal injection in the UVB-induced photoaging model, HA-SF hydrogel not only enhances hydrogel-cell interaction but also continues to stimulate collagen regeneration, especially type III collagen. This dual action achieves the biological effects of repair and anti-aging while maintaining the filling effect. Proteomic analysis confirms that repair and anti-aging effects are enhanced by the regulation of skin fibroblasts and modulation of amino acid and lipid metabolism. This composite hydrogel holds strong promise for clinical applications, offering a safer, long-lasting, and more natural injectable filler that combines filling, repair, and anti-aging into one system.

Objective To explore the prognostic value and immune effects of insulin-like growth factor family 2(IGFL2)in bladder cancer based on data from TCGA,TIMER2.0 and HPA.Methods Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to analyze the expression of IGFL2 in bladder cancer and its relationship with survival and prognosis of bladder cancer patients.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and prognostic nomogram were plotted to analyze the diagnostic value of IGFL2 for bladder cancer and its ability to predict the 5-year overall survival rate of patients.IGFL2-related signaling pathways were analyzed with GSEA enrichment.The correlation between IGFL2 expression and immune cells was analyzed based on data from the TIMER database.Results IGFL2 was highly expressed in bladder cancer(P＜0.001).The high expression of IGFL2 was positively correlated with patients'age,pathological stage,histological grade and T stage(all P＜0.05).Patients'with high IGFL2 expression had shorter overall survival and disease-specific survival than those with low IGFL2 expression(all P＜0.05).IGFL2 could be used as an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer with good diagnostic and predictive value.GSEA enrichment analysis showed that IGFL2 was involved in signaling pathways related to immunity,inflammation and tumor.High IGFL2 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of most immune cells.Conclusion IGFL2 is highly expressed in bladder cancer and can be a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease.It may become a potential target for immunotherapy.