Objective:To explore the correlation between serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and the role of deep medullary vein (DMV) score in this process.Methods:A total of 140 patients with CSVD admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University from December 2022 to August 2024 were selected as the research objects. The basic data statistics, head magnetic resonance imaging examination, cognitive function assessment, serum sTREM2 detection and DMV score were performed. All data were analyzed by SPSS 29.0 software and GraphPad Prism 10.0 software packages. Logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of cognitive impairment. Structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of DMV score on the association between serum sTREM2 and cognitive impairment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum sTREM2 level and DMV score for cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.Results:Serum sTREM2 level ( B=0.017, OR=1.017, 95% CI=1.003-1.031), DMV score ( B=0.375, OR=1.455, 95% CI=1.175-1.802) and years of education ( B=-0.248, OR=0.780, 95% CI=0.635-0.958) were risk factors for cognitive impairment (all P<0.05). sTREM2 not only directly affected cognitive function, but also indirectly affected cognitive function through DMV score. The direct effect (effect size=-0.022) and mediating effect (effect size=-0.007) accounted for 75.9% and 24.1% of the total effect (effect size=-0.029), respectively. The areas under the ROC curve of serum sTREM2 level, DMV score, and their combination for predicting cognitive impairment in CSVD patients were 0.880, 0.891, and 0.910, respectively (all P<0.001). Conclusion:Serum sTREM2 not only directly affects the cognitive function of patients with cerebral small vessel disease, but also indirectly affects cognitive function through DMV score. The combination of serum sTREM2 levels and DMV score has high predictive value for the risk of CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and the role of deep medullary vein (DMV) score in this process.Methods:A total of 140 patients with CSVD admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University from December 2022 to August 2024 were selected as the research objects. The basic data statistics, head magnetic resonance imaging examination, cognitive function assessment, serum sTREM2 detection and DMV score were performed. All data were analyzed by SPSS 29.0 software and GraphPad Prism 10.0 software packages. Logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of cognitive impairment. Structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of DMV score on the association between serum sTREM2 and cognitive impairment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum sTREM2 level and DMV score for cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.Results:Serum sTREM2 level ( B=0.017, OR=1.017, 95% CI=1.003-1.031), DMV score ( B=0.375, OR=1.455, 95% CI=1.175-1.802) and years of education ( B=-0.248, OR=0.780, 95% CI=0.635-0.958) were risk factors for cognitive impairment (all P<0.05). sTREM2 not only directly affected cognitive function, but also indirectly affected cognitive function through DMV score. The direct effect (effect size=-0.022) and mediating effect (effect size=-0.007) accounted for 75.9% and 24.1% of the total effect (effect size=-0.029), respectively. The areas under the ROC curve of serum sTREM2 level, DMV score, and their combination for predicting cognitive impairment in CSVD patients were 0.880, 0.891, and 0.910, respectively (all P<0.001). Conclusion:Serum sTREM2 not only directly affects the cognitive function of patients with cerebral small vessel disease, but also indirectly affects cognitive function through DMV score. The combination of serum sTREM2 levels and DMV score has high predictive value for the risk of CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVE To ex plore the economic value of medication therapeutical management （MTM）service for patients with stable coronary disease. METHODS Totally 140 patients with stable coronary disease were divided into a control group and a intervention group ，70 cases in each group. Patients in control group were received routine medical services ，and patients in intervention group additionally received standardized MTM services on this basis. Medication complication ，satisfaction degree ， safety indexes and efficacy indexes were compared between 2 groups. From the perspective of the whole society ，the economic value of MTM service for patients with stable coronary disease were evaluated by pharmacists using cost minimization analysis. RESULTS A total of 15 patients did not complete the study ，including 5 cases in intervention group and 10 cases in control group ； there was no death endpoint during the follow-up period. MMAS- 8 score，satisfaction score of drug communication dimension and score of overall satisfactionin of intervention group were obviously higher than control group （P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in blood pressure standard rate ，blood lipid standard rate ，the incidence of adverse drug reaction ，and the incidence of acute coronary events between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. The total cost of intervention group was lower than that of control group （P＜ 0.01）；the results of sensitivity analysis were consistent with those of cost minimization analysis. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacists implement MTM service for patients with stable coronary disease can reduce total cost ，save medical resources and has economic advantages.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and white matter high signal and non-dementia vascular cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD).Methods:Total 106 patients with CSVD who were admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from April 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled.They were divided into vascular cognitive impairment no dementia group (VCIND group, n=47) and no vascular cognitive impairment group (N-VCI group, n=59)according to mini-mental assessment scale (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale and activity of daily living scale (ADL). Serum VEGF levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The baseline data, serum VEGF levels, MoCA score and Fazekas score were compared between the two groups.The correlation between serum VEGF level and white matter high signal and cognitive function was analyzed.SPSS 19.0 software was used for data processing.The statistical methods were t-test, Chi square test, nonparametric test, Logistic regression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results:There were significant differences in serum VEGF level((464.18±114.58)pg/mL, (414.17±45.80)pg/mL, F=22.880), MoCA score((13.07±6.48), (20.17±4.06), F=17.920) and Fazekas score (4(3, 5), 3(1, 3), Z=-4.189)between the two groups (all P<0.05). The level of VEGF( β=0.008, OR=1.008, 95% CI=1.001-1.015, P<0.05) was the influencing factor of cognitive function in patients with CSVD .The level of VEGF was negatively correlated with the total score of MoCA, attention and calculation power, and orientation ability ( r=-0.345, -0.373, -0.445, all P<0.05) and it was positively correlated with the total Fazekas score and the Fazekas score of paraventricular and deep white matter ( r=0.392, 0.495, 0.302, all P<0.05). There was a linear trend between the high signal grade of paraventricular and deep white matter and VCIND (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Serum VEGF level is correlated with cognitive function and white matter hyperintensity in patients with CSVD.The increase of VEGF level may be a factor reflecting cognitive dysfunction.In addition, with the increase of white matter hyperintensity level, the risk of VCIND in CSVD is increased.

Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Rheumatic Diseases/genetics* ; Risk Factors

Objective: To analyze the correlation between serum HBV DNA level and HBsAg titer in hepatitis B e antigen positive pregnant women without antiviral therapy, and investigate the impact of genomic variability of preS/S regions on their correlations. Methods: Prenatal serum samples from 882 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection who were positive for HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA and were not on antiviral therapy were included in the analysis. The Abbott i2000 and m2000 systems were used to qualitatively or quantitatively detect HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA levels, respectively. HBV genotyping was performed using a type-specific primer nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). In addition, serum samples of pregnant women with HBV DNA levels correlated with HBsAg titer and HBV DNA levels higher than HBsAg titers were used to perform preS/S region amplification by nPCR method. PCR products were directly sequenced and mutation sites were analyzed by MEGA6.0 stasticial software. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the measurement data, and 2-test test for count data. Correlations between variables were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: Serum HBsAg titer of HBeAg-positive pregnant women was positively correlated with HBV DNA level (r = 0.754, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, mutation sites A60V (100% vs. 15.38%, χ² = 7.61, P < 0.01), V90A (100% vs. 30.77%, χ² = 4.43, P < 0.05) and I161T of HBV preS/S region (80.00% vs. 0, χ² = 9.14, P < 0.01) showed a significant decrease in HBsAg titer. Conclusion Serum HBV DNA levels were positively correlated with HBsAg titer in HBeAg-positive pregnant women. Therefore, serum HBsAg titer may be used as a surrogate marker of serum HBV DNA. Single or multiple amino acid mutations sites A60V, V90A, and I161T in preS/S region may be one of the reasons that lead to a significant drop in HBsAg titer and affect its correlation with HBV DNA levels.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fosfomycin-trometamol (FMT)in the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (LUTI). Methods The medical records of acute uncomplicated LUTI patients,who had acute uncomplicated LUTI and received FMT or levofloxacin (LEV)in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2015 to October 2017,were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Comparisons were made between the FMT group and the LEV group to investigate the patients＇clinical efficacy,bacteriological efficacy,bacteria isolated from urine cultures,the susceptibility of isolated strains to drugs and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results Seventy patients entered the FMT group,including 31 males and 39 females,aged from 29 to 68 years with an average age of (51 ± 10) years.56 patients entered the LEV group,including 26 males and 30 females,aged from 31 to 66 years with an average age of (52 ± 10)years.The treatment periods of patients in the two groups were 3 to 7 days. Routine blood tests and liver and renal function tests were normal before the treatment. After the treatments, 59 patients were cured,5 patients improved,and the clinical efficacy was 91.4% (64/70)in the FMT group;while 28 patients were cured,4 patients improved,and the clinical efficacy was 57.1% (32/56)in the LEV group. And the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝20.16,P＜0.001). Positive bacteria were found in urine culture of 46 patients in the FMT group,including 35 strains of Escherichia coli[17 of which were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli ],3 strains of Bacillus proteus [1 of which was ESBL-producing Bacillus proteus],3 strains of Enterococous faecalis,3 strains of Staphylococcus aureus,and 2 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Positive bacteria were found in urine culture of 37 patients in the LEV group,including 29 strains of Escherichia coli (14 of which were ESBL-producing Escherichia coli),3 strains of Bacillus proteus (1 of which was ESBL-producing Bacillus proteus), 2 strains of Enterococous faecalis,1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus,and 2 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Bacteriological efficacy were 91.3% and 56.8% ,for the FMT group and the LEV group, respectively and the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝13.38,P ＜0.001). Thirteen of the 17 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in the FMT group were susceptible to FMT (susceptibility rate:76.5% ). Five of the 14 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in the LEV group were susceptible to LEV (susceptibility rate:35.7% ). And the difference was statistically significant (P＝0.033). The difference of the incidence of adverse reactions was not statistically significant between the FMT group and the LEV group [11.4% (8/70)vs 16.1% (9/56),χ2＝0.575,P＝0.448]. Conclusion FMT was more effective and safer than LEV in the treatment of patients with acute uncomplicated LUTI.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fosfomycin-trometamol (FMT)in the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (LUTI). Methods The medical records of acute uncomplicated LUTI patients,who had acute uncomplicated LUTI and received FMT or levofloxacin (LEV)in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2015 to October 2017,were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Comparisons were made between the FMT group and the LEV group to investigate the patients＇clinical efficacy,bacteriological efficacy,bacteria isolated from urine cultures,the susceptibility of isolated strains to drugs and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results Seventy patients entered the FMT group,including 31 males and 39 females,aged from 29 to 68 years with an average age of (51 ± 10) years.56 patients entered the LEV group,including 26 males and 30 females,aged from 31 to 66 years with an average age of (52 ± 10)years.The treatment periods of patients in the two groups were 3 to 7 days. Routine blood tests and liver and renal function tests were normal before the treatment. After the treatments, 59 patients were cured,5 patients improved,and the clinical efficacy was 91.4% (64/70)in the FMT group;while 28 patients were cured,4 patients improved,and the clinical efficacy was 57.1% (32/56)in the LEV group. And the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝20.16,P＜0.001). Positive bacteria were found in urine culture of 46 patients in the FMT group,including 35 strains of Escherichia coli[17 of which were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli ],3 strains of Bacillus proteus [1 of which was ESBL-producing Bacillus proteus],3 strains of Enterococous faecalis,3 strains of Staphylococcus aureus,and 2 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Positive bacteria were found in urine culture of 37 patients in the LEV group,including 29 strains of Escherichia coli (14 of which were ESBL-producing Escherichia coli),3 strains of Bacillus proteus (1 of which was ESBL-producing Bacillus proteus), 2 strains of Enterococous faecalis,1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus,and 2 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Bacteriological efficacy were 91.3% and 56.8% ,for the FMT group and the LEV group, respectively and the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝13.38,P ＜0.001). Thirteen of the 17 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in the FMT group were susceptible to FMT (susceptibility rate:76.5% ). Five of the 14 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in the LEV group were susceptible to LEV (susceptibility rate:35.7% ). And the difference was statistically significant (P＝0.033). The difference of the incidence of adverse reactions was not statistically significant between the FMT group and the LEV group [11.4% (8/70)vs 16.1% (9/56),χ2＝0.575,P＝0.448]. Conclusion FMT was more effective and safer than LEV in the treatment of patients with acute uncomplicated LUTI.

Objective To observe the effect of the three active ingredients of a Chinese traditional medicine compound named Kang Fu Ling( KFL) against PC12 cells oxidative damage induced by microwave radiation.Methods PC12 cells were differentiated into neuros induced by nerve growth factor ( NGF ) .PC12 cells were incubated for 48 hours after astragalosides,total paeony glycoside and tanshinones were added at different concentrations (1, 3, or 9 μg/ml) .The cells in the control group were cultivated with the only medium of the same volume.Then, cells were irradiated with 30 mW/cm2 microwave for 6 minutes.The morphology of PC12 cells was observed under an inverted microscope soon before and after irradiation and the cell viability was measured by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) colorimetry.Reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) was determined using active oxygen probe 2′, 7′-dichlorodihyarofluolescen diacetde ( DCFH-DA ) while malonyldialdehyde(MDA) was measured in the homogenate of PC12 cells through thiobarbituric acid ( TBA) reactive substance assay.Results The cell morphology of each group showed no obvious difference.6 h after irradiation, the viability of irradiation control group measured by MTT declined apparently(P<0.01)compared with the normal control group.The 3 μg/ml astragalosides treatment group increased the viability of PC12 cells after microwave exposure ( P <0.01).The contents of ROS and MDA were increased after irradiation(P<0.01).However, in the three active ingredients of Kang Fu Ling treatment groups, both ROS and MDA were much lower than in irradiation control group.Conclusion Astragalosides, total paeony glycoside and tanshinones, which are the three active ingredients of Kang Fu Ling, all have protective effect against PC12 cell injury caused by microwave radiation,possibly by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress injury.

The in vivo assembly of ribosomal subunits is a highly complex process, with a tight coordination between protein assembly and rRNA maturation events, such as folding and processing of rRNA precursors, as well as modifications of selected bases. In the cell, a large number of factors are required to ensure the efficiency and fidelity of subunit production. Here we characterize the immature 30S subunits accumulated in a factor-null Escherichia coli strain (∆rsgA∆rbfA). The immature 30S subunits isolated with varying salt concentrations in the buffer system show interesting differences on both protein composition and structure. Specifically, intermediates derived under the two contrasting salt conditions (high and low) likely reflect two distinctive assembly stages, the relatively early and late stages of the 3' domain assembly, respectively. Detailed structural analysis demonstrates a mechanistic coupling between the maturation of the 5' end of the 17S rRNA and the assembly of the 30S head domain, and attributes a unique role of S5 in coordinating these two events. Furthermore, our structural results likely reveal the location of the unprocessed terminal sequences of the 17S rRNA, and suggest that the maturation events of the 17S rRNA could be employed as quality control mechanisms on subunit production and protein translation.
Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Ribosomal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial ; chemistry ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Salts ; chemistry