Objective:To investigate the effects of acute sleep deprivation (ASD) on hippocampal glucose metabolism and neuroinflammation in rat models.Methods:Twenty SD rats (10 males and 10 females) were divided into four groups (five in each group) by random sampling method: female ASD group, male ASD group, female control group, and male control group. Among them, the ASD group constructed the ASD model. After 72h sleep deprivation, all rats underwent 18F-FDG and N, N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5, 7-dimethylpyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide ( 18F-DPA-714) microPET/CT brain imaging in 2d to compare the changes of 18F-FDG and 18F-DPA-714 SUV mean in the hippocampus of rats. Brain histopathology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were detected in rats. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results:18F-FDG imaging showed the hippocampal SUV mean between ASD group and control group (female: 4.11±0.35 vs 1.89±0.28; male: 3.43±0.47 vs 2.02±0.54) were statistically significant ( t values: 9.65, 3.92, P values: <0.001, 0.002). 18F-DPA-714 imaging showed the hippocampal SUV mean between ASD group and control group (females: 0.28±0.01 vs 0.28±0.02; male: 0.26±0.02 vs 0.31±0.04) were not statistically significant ( t values: -0.18, -2.24, P values: 0.859, 0.056). The 18×10 3 translocator protein (TSPO) immunohistochemistry showed the expression in the hippocampal region of the brain between ASD group and control group (female: 0.19±0.02 vs 0.19±0.01; male: 0.21±0.01 vs 0.20±0.01) were not statistically different ( t values: -0.48, -1.67, P values: 0.651, 0.139). Immunofluorescence staining showed that microglial cytosol in the hippocampal region of the brain decreased after 72h of ASD, and the protrusion points and surrounding branches were significantly reduced. Conclusion:Increased hippocampal glucose metabolism in rats is observed after 72 h of ASD without significant neuroinflammation.

ObjectiveTo unveil the mechanism of Jianpi Huogu prescription （JPHGP） in ameliorating the dyslipidemia of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femur head （SONFH） by oxylipidomics combined with transcriptomics. MethodsSixty SD rats were assigned into normal， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， respectively） JPHGP， and Jiangushengwan （1.53 g·kg^-1） groups. Lipopolysaccharide was injected into the tail vein at a dose of 20 μg·kg^-1 on days 1 and 2， and methylprednisolone sodium succinate was injected at a dose of 40 mg·kg^-1 into the buttock muscle on days 3 to 5. The normal group received an equal volume of normal saline. Drug administration by gavage began 4 weeks after the last injection， and samples were taken after administration for 8 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to reveal the histopathological changes of the femoral head， and the number of adipocytes， the rate of empty bone lacunae， and the trabecular area were calculated. Micro-computed tomography was used for revealing the histological and histomorphometrical changes of the femoral head. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the serum levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL）， high-density lipoprotein （HDL）， apolipoprotein A1 （ApoA1）， and apolipoprotein B （ApoB）. At the same time， the femoral head was collected for oxylipidomic and transcriptomic detection. The differential metabolites and differential genes were enriched and analyzed， and the target genes regulating lipid metabolism were predicted. The predicted target proteins were further verified by molecular docking， immunohistochemistry， and Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showcased thinning of the femoral head， trabecular fracture， karyopyknosis， subchondral cystic degeneration， increases in the number of adipocytes and the rate of empty bone lacunae （P<0.01）， a reduction in the trabecular area （P<0.01）， decreases in BMD， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and BV/TV， and increases in Tb.Sp and BS/BV （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the JPHGP groups showed no obvious thinning of the femoral head or subchondroidal cystic degeneration. The high- and medium-dose JPHGP groups presented declines in the number of adipocytes and the rate of empty bone lacunae， an increase in the trabecular area （P<0.05， P<0.01）， rises in BMD， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and BV/TV， and decreases in Tb.Sp and BS/BV （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showcased raised serum levels of TG， TC， LDL， and ApoB and lowered serum levels of HDL and ApoA1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the JPHGP groups had lowered serum levels of TG， TC， LDL， and ApoB （P<0.05， P<0.01） and a risen serum level of ApoA1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the serum level of HDL in the high-dose JPHGP group increased （P<0.01）. A total of 19 different metabolites of disease set and drug set were screened out by oxylipidomics of the femoral head， and 119 core genes with restored expression were detected by transcriptomics. The enriched pathways were mainly concentrated in inflammation， lipids， apoptosis， and osteoclast differentiation. Molecular docking， immunohistochemistry， and Western blot results showed that compared with the normal group， the model group displayed increased content of 5-lipoxygenase （5-LO） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） in the femoral head （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， medium- and high-dose JPHGP reduced the content of 5-LO and PPARγ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionJPHGP can restore the levels of oxidized lipid metabolites by regulating the 5-LO-PPARγ axis to treat SONFH in rats. Relevant studies provide experimental evidence for the efficacy mechanism of JPHGP in the treatment of SONFH.

ObjectiveTo unveil the mechanism of Jianpi Huogu prescription （JPHGP） in ameliorating the dyslipidemia of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femur head （SONFH） by oxylipidomics combined with transcriptomics. MethodsSixty SD rats were assigned into normal， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， respectively） JPHGP， and Jiangushengwan （1.53 g·kg^-1） groups. Lipopolysaccharide was injected into the tail vein at a dose of 20 μg·kg^-1 on days 1 and 2， and methylprednisolone sodium succinate was injected at a dose of 40 mg·kg^-1 into the buttock muscle on days 3 to 5. The normal group received an equal volume of normal saline. Drug administration by gavage began 4 weeks after the last injection， and samples were taken after administration for 8 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to reveal the histopathological changes of the femoral head， and the number of adipocytes， the rate of empty bone lacunae， and the trabecular area were calculated. Micro-computed tomography was used for revealing the histological and histomorphometrical changes of the femoral head. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the serum levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL）， high-density lipoprotein （HDL）， apolipoprotein A1 （ApoA1）， and apolipoprotein B （ApoB）. At the same time， the femoral head was collected for oxylipidomic and transcriptomic detection. The differential metabolites and differential genes were enriched and analyzed， and the target genes regulating lipid metabolism were predicted. The predicted target proteins were further verified by molecular docking， immunohistochemistry， and Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showcased thinning of the femoral head， trabecular fracture， karyopyknosis， subchondral cystic degeneration， increases in the number of adipocytes and the rate of empty bone lacunae （P<0.01）， a reduction in the trabecular area （P<0.01）， decreases in BMD， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and BV/TV， and increases in Tb.Sp and BS/BV （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the JPHGP groups showed no obvious thinning of the femoral head or subchondroidal cystic degeneration. The high- and medium-dose JPHGP groups presented declines in the number of adipocytes and the rate of empty bone lacunae， an increase in the trabecular area （P<0.05， P<0.01）， rises in BMD， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and BV/TV， and decreases in Tb.Sp and BS/BV （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showcased raised serum levels of TG， TC， LDL， and ApoB and lowered serum levels of HDL and ApoA1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the JPHGP groups had lowered serum levels of TG， TC， LDL， and ApoB （P<0.05， P<0.01） and a risen serum level of ApoA1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the serum level of HDL in the high-dose JPHGP group increased （P<0.01）. A total of 19 different metabolites of disease set and drug set were screened out by oxylipidomics of the femoral head， and 119 core genes with restored expression were detected by transcriptomics. The enriched pathways were mainly concentrated in inflammation， lipids， apoptosis， and osteoclast differentiation. Molecular docking， immunohistochemistry， and Western blot results showed that compared with the normal group， the model group displayed increased content of 5-lipoxygenase （5-LO） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） in the femoral head （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， medium- and high-dose JPHGP reduced the content of 5-LO and PPARγ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionJPHGP can restore the levels of oxidized lipid metabolites by regulating the 5-LO-PPARγ axis to treat SONFH in rats. Relevant studies provide experimental evidence for the efficacy mechanism of JPHGP in the treatment of SONFH.

Objective To achieve efficient compression of on-board radiotherapy projection images using dynamic video encoding algorithms.Methods The on-board radiotherapy imaging system primarily provides 2D X-ray projection images for patient positioning verification and 3D tomographic image reconstruction.Since multiple projection images acquired continuously exhibit strong spatiotemporal correlations,their similarities could be used to eliminate redundant information,thereby improving the image compression ratio.During image compression,the image sets obtained at different times were arranged into an image sequence which was input into a video encoder and output as a video file.During image decompression,the video file was input into a video decoder and output as an image sequence,and the images in the sequence were then assigned back to their original image sets.Three current dynamic video encoding algorithms(AVC,HEVC,and AV1)and the classic static image coding algorithm(JPEG 2000)were tested on a database of 2D projection images.The performance of various compression algorithms was evaluated using indicators such as compression ratio(CR),peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR),and structural similarity(SSIM).Moreover,visual comparison of projection images before and after compression was evaluated by clinical radiation oncologists.Results Dynamic video encoding algorithms achieved higher CR than the static image coding algorithm.The average CR of the 3 dynamic video encoding algorithms was as followed:CRAVC=11.50,CRHEVC=30.74,and CRAV1=27.10,while the average CR of the static image coding algorithm(JPEG 2000)was 5.28.For abdominal projection images,well-defined contours and textural details were preserved even when the CR reached 42.37.For head-neck projection images,although mild contour blurring emerged at a CR of 20.71,subsequent evaluation by clinical radiation oncologists confirmed that the reconstructed CBCT images still satisfied clinical requirements.Conclusion These dynamic video encoding algorithms effectively utilize the strong correlation information between multiple projection images,reduce the storage of redundant information,and greatly improve the image CR.

Medical imaging technology plays a crucial role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Image compression technology provides robust technical support for the storage and transmission of massive medical imaging data, serving as an effective safeguard for hospital data backup and telemedicine. The technology holds broad application prospects in the medical field, enabling the processing of various imaging modalities, multidimensional imaging, and medical video imaging. This study elaborates on general image and video compression algorithms, the application of compression algorithms in the medical field, and the performance metrics of medical image compression, thereby providing critical technical support for enhancing clinical diagnostic efficiency and data management security.

Objective To achieve efficient compression of on-board radiotherapy projection images using dynamic video encoding algorithms.Methods The on-board radiotherapy imaging system primarily provides 2D X-ray projection images for patient positioning verification and 3D tomographic image reconstruction.Since multiple projection images acquired continuously exhibit strong spatiotemporal correlations,their similarities could be used to eliminate redundant information,thereby improving the image compression ratio.During image compression,the image sets obtained at different times were arranged into an image sequence which was input into a video encoder and output as a video file.During image decompression,the video file was input into a video decoder and output as an image sequence,and the images in the sequence were then assigned back to their original image sets.Three current dynamic video encoding algorithms(AVC,HEVC,and AV1)and the classic static image coding algorithm(JPEG 2000)were tested on a database of 2D projection images.The performance of various compression algorithms was evaluated using indicators such as compression ratio(CR),peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR),and structural similarity(SSIM).Moreover,visual comparison of projection images before and after compression was evaluated by clinical radiation oncologists.Results Dynamic video encoding algorithms achieved higher CR than the static image coding algorithm.The average CR of the 3 dynamic video encoding algorithms was as followed:CRAVC=11.50,CRHEVC=30.74,and CRAV1=27.10,while the average CR of the static image coding algorithm(JPEG 2000)was 5.28.For abdominal projection images,well-defined contours and textural details were preserved even when the CR reached 42.37.For head-neck projection images,although mild contour blurring emerged at a CR of 20.71,subsequent evaluation by clinical radiation oncologists confirmed that the reconstructed CBCT images still satisfied clinical requirements.Conclusion These dynamic video encoding algorithms effectively utilize the strong correlation information between multiple projection images,reduce the storage of redundant information,and greatly improve the image CR.

Objective:To investigate the effects of acute sleep deprivation (ASD) on hippocampal glucose metabolism and neuroinflammation in rat models.Methods:Twenty SD rats (10 males and 10 females) were divided into four groups (five in each group) by random sampling method: female ASD group, male ASD group, female control group, and male control group. Among them, the ASD group constructed the ASD model. After 72h sleep deprivation, all rats underwent 18F-FDG and N, N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5, 7-dimethylpyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide ( 18F-DPA-714) microPET/CT brain imaging in 2d to compare the changes of 18F-FDG and 18F-DPA-714 SUV mean in the hippocampus of rats. Brain histopathology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were detected in rats. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results:18F-FDG imaging showed the hippocampal SUV mean between ASD group and control group (female: 4.11±0.35 vs 1.89±0.28; male: 3.43±0.47 vs 2.02±0.54) were statistically significant ( t values: 9.65, 3.92, P values: <0.001, 0.002). 18F-DPA-714 imaging showed the hippocampal SUV mean between ASD group and control group (females: 0.28±0.01 vs 0.28±0.02; male: 0.26±0.02 vs 0.31±0.04) were not statistically significant ( t values: -0.18, -2.24, P values: 0.859, 0.056). The 18×10 3 translocator protein (TSPO) immunohistochemistry showed the expression in the hippocampal region of the brain between ASD group and control group (female: 0.19±0.02 vs 0.19±0.01; male: 0.21±0.01 vs 0.20±0.01) were not statistically different ( t values: -0.48, -1.67, P values: 0.651, 0.139). Immunofluorescence staining showed that microglial cytosol in the hippocampal region of the brain decreased after 72h of ASD, and the protrusion points and surrounding branches were significantly reduced. Conclusion:Increased hippocampal glucose metabolism in rats is observed after 72 h of ASD without significant neuroinflammation.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the prognosis of complex intracranial aneurysms treated with pipeline flow-directed device(PED)and to develop a nomogram prediction model.Methods The clinical data of a total of 98 patients with complex intracranial aneurysm,who were admitted to the Anyue County People's Hospital or the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College of China from January 2021 to April 2023 to receive PED treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.The influencing factors that might affect the prognosis of patients with complex intracranial aneurysm were collected.According to the modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score,the patients were divided into good prognosis group(being defined as mRS ≤2 points)and poor prognosis group(being defined as mRS＞2 points).The clinical data were compared between the two groups,and a nomogram model was established and validated.Results In the 98 patients,poor prognosis was seen in 10(10.20％).The differences in age,history of hypertension,history of diabetes mellitus,clopidogrel resistance,Fisher classification,repeated aneurysm rupture,aneurysm location,aneurysm size,aneurysm neck,multiple lesions,and Hunt-Hess grade on admission between good prognosis group and poor prognosis group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that history of hypertension,clopidogrel resistance,repeated aneurysm rupture,aneurysm location,multiple lesions,and Hunt-Hess grade were the independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with complex intracranial aneurysm after receiving PED treatment.The AUC of the nomogram model in predicting the prognosis of PED for complex intracranial aneurysms was 0.849(95％CI=0.758-0.939).The predicted curves of the model group and validation group were basically fitted to the standard curves.The results of the decision curve analysis showed that the net benefit to patients was greater than 0 when the probability threshold of the nomogram model for predicting a poor prognosis of PED for complex intracranial aneurysms was 0.10-0.90.Conclusion The factors causing poor prognosis of PED for complex intracranial aneurysms mainly include history of hypertension,clopidogrel resistance,repeated aneurysm rupture,etc.The nomogram model established in this study can predict the risk of poor prognosis in patients with complicated intracranial aneurysm after receiving PED treatment.

【Objective】 To provide a new idea for the treatment of depression by summarizing the antidepressant effect and mechanism of active ingredients in functional food, and medicine and food homologous products. 【Methods】 The literature related to the antidepressant of functional food or medicine and food homologous products from September 25, 1996 to September 5, 2022 was collected through PubMed, Google Academic, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. After that, their antidepressant active ingredients and mechanism of action were systematically summarized and analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 146 pieces of literature were involved in the study, including 67 plant-derived functional foods or medicine and food homologous products, 32 antidepressant extracts (including 8 flavonoid extracts), and 87 antidepressant active ingredients. The 87 antidepressant active ingredients include 7 terpenes, 22 saponins, 15 flavonoids, 11 phenylpropanoids, 7 phenols, 6 sugars, 8 alkaloids, and 11 others. 【Conclusion】 The study summarized and analyzed the active ingredients and mechanisms of antidepressants in functional foods and medicine and food homologous products, which provides a new vision for the development of new antidepressants and a potential alternative treatment for patients with depression.

Objective:To compare the incidence of coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) between patients with non-obstructive and obstructive coronary arteries.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 97 patients with angina pectoris, who underwent the absolute quantitative PET examination of myocardial perfusion and coronary anatomy examination within 90 days. All patients were divided into two groups: non-obstructive group (72 cases, no stenosis ≥50% in all three coronary arteries) and obstructive group (25 cases, at least one coronary stenosis ≥50%; and at least one coronary stenosis<50%). Quantitative parameters derived from PET including rest myocardial blood flow (RMBF), stress myocardial blood flow (SMBF), coronary flow reserve (CFR) and cardiovascular risk factors were compared between the two groups. CMVD was defined as CFR<2.90 and SMBF <2.17 ml·min -1·g -1. Results:Incidence of CMVD was significant higher in the non-obstructive coronary arteries of the obstructive group than in the non-obstructive coronary arteries of non-obstructive group (47.1% (16/34) vs. 25.5% (55/216), χ 2=6.738, P=0.009) while incidence of CMVD was similar between non-obstructive and obstructive patients ((44% (11/25) vs. 33.3% (24/72), χ 2=0.915, P=0.339). RMBF ((0.83±0.14) ml·min -1·g -1 vs. (0.82±0.17) ml·min -1·g -1), SMBF ((2.13±0.60) ml·min -1·g -1 vs. (1.91±0.50) ml·min -1·g -1) and CFR (2.59±0.66 vs. 2.36±0.47) were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:CMVD can occur in non-obstructive coronary arteries in both patients with non-occlusive coronary arteries and patients with obstructive coronary arteries. Prevalence of CMVD is significantly higher in patients with obstructive coronary arteries than in patients with non-obstructive coronary arteries. The CMVD severity is similar between the two groups.