Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering of varicella in Changchun City from 2020 to 2024, so as to provide the evidence for formulating local varicella prevention and control measures. Methods: The individual case data of varicella were collected through the Surveillance and Reporting Management System of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System in Changchun City from 2020 to 2024. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population ,regional, and temporal distribution. Spatial autocorrelation and spatio-temporal scanning analyses were used to identify the spatial-temporal clustering characteristics. Results: A total of 8 850 varicella cases were reported in Changchun City from 2020 to 2024, with an average annual incidence of 19.64/105. There were 4 929 male cases and 3 921 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.26∶1. The age was mainly 0-<20 years (6 649 cases, 75.13%), and students were the predominant occupation (6 036 cases, 68.20%). The top three counties (cities, districts) with the highest number of cases were Chaoyang District (1 944 cases), Gongzhuling City (1 054 cases) and Nanguan District (987 cases), accounting for 45.03%. The peak incidence periods were from April to June and from October to December, with 2 166 and 4 226 cases, accounting for 24.47% and 47.75%, respectively. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that spatial clustering existed from 2020 to 2024. The high-high clustering areas were mainly some townships (streets) in Chaoyang District, Nanguan District, Changchun New District and Jingyue District. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis identified 6 high-risk clustering areas. The class Ⅰ clustering area was Nanhu Street in Chaoyang District, with the clustering period from September 2020 to February 2022. Conclusions Varicella cases in Changchun City were mainly males and students aged 0-<20 years from 2020 to 2024. The peak incidence was mainly in winter. Chaoyang District was a high-risk area, with obvious spatial-temporal clustering.

Objective:To investigate the effects of acute sleep deprivation (ASD) on hippocampal glucose metabolism and neuroinflammation in rat models.Methods:Twenty SD rats (10 males and 10 females) were divided into four groups (five in each group) by random sampling method: female ASD group, male ASD group, female control group, and male control group. Among them, the ASD group constructed the ASD model. After 72h sleep deprivation, all rats underwent 18F-FDG and N, N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5, 7-dimethylpyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide ( 18F-DPA-714) microPET/CT brain imaging in 2d to compare the changes of 18F-FDG and 18F-DPA-714 SUV mean in the hippocampus of rats. Brain histopathology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were detected in rats. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results:18F-FDG imaging showed the hippocampal SUV mean between ASD group and control group (female: 4.11±0.35 vs 1.89±0.28; male: 3.43±0.47 vs 2.02±0.54) were statistically significant ( t values: 9.65, 3.92, P values: <0.001, 0.002). 18F-DPA-714 imaging showed the hippocampal SUV mean between ASD group and control group (females: 0.28±0.01 vs 0.28±0.02; male: 0.26±0.02 vs 0.31±0.04) were not statistically significant ( t values: -0.18, -2.24, P values: 0.859, 0.056). The 18×10 3 translocator protein (TSPO) immunohistochemistry showed the expression in the hippocampal region of the brain between ASD group and control group (female: 0.19±0.02 vs 0.19±0.01; male: 0.21±0.01 vs 0.20±0.01) were not statistically different ( t values: -0.48, -1.67, P values: 0.651, 0.139). Immunofluorescence staining showed that microglial cytosol in the hippocampal region of the brain decreased after 72h of ASD, and the protrusion points and surrounding branches were significantly reduced. Conclusion:Increased hippocampal glucose metabolism in rats is observed after 72 h of ASD without significant neuroinflammation.

Objective:To investigate the effects of acute sleep deprivation (ASD) on hippocampal glucose metabolism and neuroinflammation in rat models.Methods:Twenty SD rats (10 males and 10 females) were divided into four groups (five in each group) by random sampling method: female ASD group, male ASD group, female control group, and male control group. Among them, the ASD group constructed the ASD model. After 72h sleep deprivation, all rats underwent 18F-FDG and N, N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5, 7-dimethylpyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide ( 18F-DPA-714) microPET/CT brain imaging in 2d to compare the changes of 18F-FDG and 18F-DPA-714 SUV mean in the hippocampus of rats. Brain histopathology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were detected in rats. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results:18F-FDG imaging showed the hippocampal SUV mean between ASD group and control group (female: 4.11±0.35 vs 1.89±0.28; male: 3.43±0.47 vs 2.02±0.54) were statistically significant ( t values: 9.65, 3.92, P values: <0.001, 0.002). 18F-DPA-714 imaging showed the hippocampal SUV mean between ASD group and control group (females: 0.28±0.01 vs 0.28±0.02; male: 0.26±0.02 vs 0.31±0.04) were not statistically significant ( t values: -0.18, -2.24, P values: 0.859, 0.056). The 18×10 3 translocator protein (TSPO) immunohistochemistry showed the expression in the hippocampal region of the brain between ASD group and control group (female: 0.19±0.02 vs 0.19±0.01; male: 0.21±0.01 vs 0.20±0.01) were not statistically different ( t values: -0.48, -1.67, P values: 0.651, 0.139). Immunofluorescence staining showed that microglial cytosol in the hippocampal region of the brain decreased after 72h of ASD, and the protrusion points and surrounding branches were significantly reduced. Conclusion:Increased hippocampal glucose metabolism in rats is observed after 72 h of ASD without significant neuroinflammation.

Objective To observe the influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after microwave ablation(MWA)for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT).Methods Data of 82 SHPT patients who underwent MWA were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into hypocalcemia group(n=36)and non-hypocalcemia group(n=46)based on presence of early hypocalcemia after MWA or not.Patients'age,gender,body mass index(BMI),dialysis method,dialysis time and number of lesions were compared between groups,so were baseline blood calcium,blood phosphorus,intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),hemoglobin,albumin,creatinine,uric acid and 2 5-hydroxy vitamin D3.Logistic analysis was performed to screen the influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after MWA.Results Significant differences of dialysis methods,number of lesions,blood calcium,iPTH and ALP were found between groups(all P＜0.05).Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of lesions,iPTH and ALP were all independent influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after MWA for treating SHPT(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The number of lesions,iPTH and ALP were influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after MWA for treating SHPT.

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between serum CC type chemotactic factor 2(CCL2),CC type chemotactic factor 18(CCL18) and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of patients with glottic carcinoma. METHODS A total of 168 glottic carcinoma patients admitted to Handan Central Hospital and Hebei Engineering University Affiliated Hospital from August 2015 to December 2018 were selected as the research subjects. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off points for serum CCL2 and CCL18. Based on this,patients were divided into CCL2 high expression group and low expression group,CCL18 high expression group and low expression group. The relationship between levels of serum CCL2 and CCL18 and clinical pathological parameters of glottic carcinoma patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier curve and Log Rank x2 test were used to analyze the 5-year disease-free survival rate of serum CCL2 high/low expression group and CCL18 high/low expression group. Cox regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of glottic carcinoma prognosis,and the relationship between serum CCL2,CCL18 expression and tumor recurrence/metastasis was analyzed. RESULTS The optimal cut-off points for CCL2 and CCL18 calculated based on the ROC curve were 100.81 and 218.99 pg/ml,respectively. Compared with the low expression groups of CCL2 and CCL18,the high expression groups of CCL2 and CCL18 showed a significant increase in the proportion of T3-T4a,N1-N3 stages,and tumor low differentiation(P<0.05). Of the 168 glottic carcinoma patients,there were 160 patients followed up for 5 years and 8 patients lost for follow-up. There were 67 patients experienced recurrence or metastasis,and 39 patients died due to recurrence or metastasis. The tumor recurrence or metastasis rate was 41.88％(67/160),and the disease-free survival rate was 58.13％(93/160). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the 5-year disease-free survival rate of the high expression group of serum CCL2 and CCL18 was significantly lower than that of the low expression group of serum CCL2 and CCL18(P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that elevated T staging,cervical lymph node recurrence,elevated N staging,local recurrence,high expression of CCL2 and CCL18 were risk factors for poor prognosis in glottic carcinoma(P<0.05). For analysis the relationship between serum CCL2 and CCL18 expression and tumor recurrence or metastasis,it was found that when both CCL2 and CCL18 were highly expressed,the recurrence or metastasis rate was significantly higher than when both CCL2 and CCL18 were lowly expressed,CCL2 was lowly expressed and CCL18 was highly expressed,and CCL2 was highly expressed and CCL18 was lowly expressed,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=10.450,P=0.015). CONCLUSION The high expression of serum CCL2 and CCL18 in patients with glottic carcinoma is significantly correlated with T stage,N stage,tumor low differentiation,and poor prognosis.

Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing response characterized by the agglutination of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is known for treating gynecological diseases and liver fibrosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that long non-coding RNA H19 (H19) was markedly upregulated in fibrotic livers while its deficiency markedly reversed fibrogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which SWT influences H19 remain unclear. Thus, we established a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis model to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of SWT on various cells in the liver. Our results showed that SWT markedly improved ECM deposition and bile duct reactions in the liver. Notably, SWT relieved liver fibrosis by regulating the transcription of genes involved in the cytoskeleton remodeling, primarily in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and influencing cytoskeleton-related angiogenesis and hepatocellular injury. This modulation collectively led to reduced ECM deposition. Through extensive bioinformatics analyses, we determined that H19 acted as a miRNA sponge and mainly inhibited miR-200, miR-211, and let7b, thereby regulating the above cellular regulatory pathways. Meanwhile, SWT reversed H19-related miRNAs and signaling pathways, diminishing ECM deposition and liver fibrosis. However, these protective effects of SWT were diminished with the overexpression of H19 in vivo. In conclusion, our study elucidates the underlying mechanisms of SWT from the perspective of H19-related signal networks and proposes a potential SWT-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Liver Cirrhosis/genetics* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Objective To analyze the changes of liver and kidney function, blood glucose and lipid metabolism at different follow-up time points of different treatment regimens, and to provide reference for clinical optimization and adjustment of medication in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods The changes of liver and kidney function, blood glucose and lipid metabolism at seven follow-up time points were analyzed retrospectively. The baseline blood collection time of HIV /AIDS patients was set as the starting point, and the final follow-up time was set as the end point. The seven follow-up points were 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months respectively. Results There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of sex, age, education, marital status, WHO staging, infection route, and baseline CD4+T lymphocyte count among 605 enrolled patients based on different treatment regimens. Liver function: The level of T-Bil in group E was higher than that of baseline at 9M, 12M, 18M and 24M after treatment (P<0.01); In group F, the level of T-Bil was higher than that of baseline at 9M after treatment (P=0.001); The levels of ALT in group C at the six follow-up points after treatment were higher than the baseline (P<0.001); The level of AST in group C was higher than that of baseline after 3M and 6M treatment (P<0.05). Renal function: The level of UREA in group C was higher than that in baseline after 6M treatment (P=0.007); The level of UREA in group F was higher than that in the baseline after 12M treatment (P<0.001); The level of UA in group F was higher than that of baseline after 3M, 6M and 12M treatment (P<0.05). Blood lipid and blood glucose: The levels of Glu at some follow-up points after ART treatment in group A and group C were higher than that at baseline (P<0.05); The levels of TG at some follow-up points in group A, group E and group F after ART treatment were higher than those at baseline (P<0.05); The levels of TC at some follow-up points in group A, group B, group C, group E and group F after ART treatment were all higher than the baseline (P<0.05). Conclusion Regular monitoring of changes in laboratory indicators of different treatment regimens during ART is of great importance to the prognosis of patients. Different laboratory indicators should be monitored according to different treatment regimens to effectively prevent adverse reactions caused by different treatment regimens.

Abstract: Objective　To understand the characteristics of drug resistance and molecular transmission network of HIV/AIDS patients aged 50 years and above in Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, from 2020 to 2022, who have failed antiretroviral therapy (plasma viral load≥1 000 copies/mL). Methods　The demographic data of HIV/AIDS patients aged 50 years and above with failed antiviral therapy in Zhaotong City from 2020 to 2022 were collected through the antiviral therapy database of Yunnan Province. The plasma of the patients was collected, and the HIV pol gene protease and reverse transcriptase regions were amplified by reverse transcriptase chain reaction, the fragments were spliced using ContigExpress, the sequences were determined, and drug resistance mutations were analyzed using the HIVdb database of Stanford University. Pairwise genetic distances between sequences were calculated using the HyPhy 2.2.4 software with the TN93 model, and a threshold of 1.7% was used to construct the HIV molecular network. Cytoscape 3.7.0 was used to visualize the network. Results　A total of 480 HIV/AIDS cases were included, with 417 positive amplifications of plasma samples. Among these, 196 cases were drug-resistant, resulting in a total drug resistance rate of 47.0%. The highest resistance rate was observed in NNRTIs at 45.6% (190/417), followed by NRTIs at 14.4% (60/417), and PIs at a lower rate of 0.2% (1/417). In NNRTIs resistance mutation sites, K103N/E/S mutation sites were dominant, with a mutation rate of 33.3% (139/417). Among the NRTIs resistance mutation sites, M184V/I mutation site was the main one, with a mutation rate of 13.9% (58/417). The mutation rate of PIs resistance sites was relatively lower, at 0.2% (1/417). Through the construction of the molecular transmission network, 88 patients entered the molecular transmission network, with an access rate of 21.1%, forming 21 transmission clusters, among which CRF01_AE formed a large cluster including 37 individuals. Conclusions　Compared with studies in other regions of Yunnan Province, the drug resistance rate among the elderly population with antiretroviral therapy failure in this study in Zhaotong City has decreased, and URFs have become the main subtype, suggesting that the transmission relationships among the elderly in Zhaotong City are gradually complicated. Through the construction of a molecular network, it is suggested that CRF01_AE and married or partnered males have the highest network access rate. Interventions should be strengthened among key populations, and diversified efforts in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment for the elderly should be developed.

Objective To explore the impact of different times for endovascular embolization thera-py on the prognosis of elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm(IA)rupture and bleeding.Methods Clinical data of 156 elderly patients with IA rupture and bleeding admitted to our hos-pital from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.All of them underwent intravascular embolization treatment.According to the timing of intravascular emboli-zation,they were divided into super early group(within 24 h from onset,n=66)and delayed group(in 24 h after onset,n=90).The Hunt-Hess grade,aneurysm location,cerebrospinal fluid exchange,embolization situation and success rate of embolization treatment were observed and re-corded.The prognosis of the two groups were evaluated with NIHSS score and mRS score.Results In terms of prognosis,no significant differences were observed in cerebrovascular spasm,disorders of consciousness,limb movement disorder,proportion of re-bleeding,and mRS score between the two groups(P＞0.05).The ratio of hydrocephalus was obviously lower in the super early group than the delayed group(4.55％vs 15.56％,P＜0.05).Though no statistical difference was seen in the pre-operative NIHSS score between the two groups(P＞0.05),the score was declined after treatment(P＜0.05),with that of the super early group notably lower than that in the delayed group(6.62±1.25 vs 7.82±1.35,P＜0.01).Conclusion Super early endovascular embolization can effectively reduce the incidence of hydrocephalus and improve neurological function in elderly patients with IA rupture and bleeding.

【Objective】 To provide a new idea for the treatment of depression by summarizing the antidepressant effect and mechanism of active ingredients in functional food, and medicine and food homologous products. 【Methods】 The literature related to the antidepressant of functional food or medicine and food homologous products from September 25, 1996 to September 5, 2022 was collected through PubMed, Google Academic, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. After that, their antidepressant active ingredients and mechanism of action were systematically summarized and analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 146 pieces of literature were involved in the study, including 67 plant-derived functional foods or medicine and food homologous products, 32 antidepressant extracts (including 8 flavonoid extracts), and 87 antidepressant active ingredients. The 87 antidepressant active ingredients include 7 terpenes, 22 saponins, 15 flavonoids, 11 phenylpropanoids, 7 phenols, 6 sugars, 8 alkaloids, and 11 others. 【Conclusion】 The study summarized and analyzed the active ingredients and mechanisms of antidepressants in functional foods and medicine and food homologous products, which provides a new vision for the development of new antidepressants and a potential alternative treatment for patients with depression.