Objective To investigate the effect of APOE4 in regulating LRP1 and on β-amyloid protein Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in astrocytes.Methods Human astrocytes were transfected with sh-NC,sh-APOE4,pcDNA-NC,and pcDNA-LRP1,and then induced with 10 μM Aβ25-35 for 24 h to establish an AD cell model.The roles of APOE4 and LRP1 in Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response were assessed using Western blot,flow cytometry,the detection kits of MDA,SOD,and GSH,as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits for TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β.The protein-protein interaction between APOE4 and LRP1 was detected through co-immunoprecipitation and western blot experiments.Results Aβ25-35 induction upregulated APOE4 expression(P<0.01),promoted the levels of ROS(P<0.001),MDA(P<0.001),and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β(P<0.001)in astrocytes,while inhibited the expression of SOD,GSH,and LRP1(P<0.001).Knockdown of APOE4 or overexpression of LRP1 suppressed the Aβ25-35-induced increase in ROS,oxidative stress markers,and inflammatory cytokines in cells(P<0.05).APOE4 negatively regulated LRP1 protein expression through protein-protein interactions.The levels of ROS,MDA,and inflammatory cytokines were higher(P<0.05),and the concentrations of SOD and GSH were lower(P<0.001),in cells with simultaneous knockdown of APOE4 and LRP1 compared to those with APOE4 knockdown alone.Conclusion Knockdown of APOE4 attenuates Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in astrocytes by upregulating LRP1.

Objective To investigate the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) indirect evaluation on parotid function in Sjogren syndrome (SS) patients.Methods According to parotid function evaluated with scintigraphy,100 SS patients were divided into normal group,mild group,moderate group or severe group.SWE was performed in all the patients,and Young's modulus of parotid gland was obtained.The difference of Young's modulus among the four groups were compared,and the correlation between Young's modulus and paratid gland function were analyzed.ROC curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of Young's modulus in diagnosis of severe parotid function damage.Results The difference of Young's modulus among four groups was statistically significant (F=78.60,P＜0.001).Young's modulus increased with the damage severity of parotid function (rs =0.83,P＜0.001).Taking 38.38 kPa as threshold,the area under ROC curve of Young's modulus was 0.93 (P＜0.001) in diagnosis of severe parotid function damage and the sensitivity and specificity was 89.3％ and 84.7％,respectively.Conclusion SWE can indirect evaluate parotid function in SS patients,and is valuable in diagnosis and long-term follow-up of SS.

Objective To asses the value of shear wave elastorgraphy(SWE)in the diagnosis of salivary gland manifestation in sjogren syndrome.Methods Seventy-nine patients with suspected diagnosis of Sjogren syn-drome and thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled. aned divided to the SS group,non-SS group and healthy group accoroding to the 2002 American-European Consensus Group.The bilateral parotid and submandibular gland of all patients were examined with shear wave Elastography,then the mean Young's modulus(YM)of bilateral gland were obtained. The differences of Emean between all groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was drawn to evaluate the best cut-off value in diagnosis of Sjogren syndrome. Results The differ-ences of YM between the two sides of parotid gland and submaxillary gland were not statistically significant(P >0.05).On ROC curve,the areas under the curve(AUC),threshold,sensitivity,specificity of the mean YM value in Parotid and Submaxillary gland were 0.921 and 0.916(P<0.05),18.30 and 16.57(kPa),71.7%and 86.8%, 94.4% and 78.5%,respectively. Conclusion The mean YM value of Parotid and Submaxillary gland of Sjogren syndrome can quantitatively assess the gland's elasticity.SWE can provide clincal evidence for diagnosis of sjogren syndrome.