1.Application and Advance of Image Compression Algorithms in Medical Imaging
Jiawen SHANG ; Peng HUANG ; Zhixing CHANG ; Yuhan FAN ; Zhihui HU ; Ke ZHANG ; Jianrong DAI ; Hui YAN
Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital 2025;16(5):1281-1290
Medical imaging technology plays a crucial role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Image compression technology provides robust technical support for the storage and transmission of massive medical imaging data, serving as an effective safeguard for hospital data backup and telemedicine. The technology holds broad application prospects in the medical field, enabling the processing of various imaging modalities, multidimensional imaging, and medical video imaging. This study elaborates on general image and video compression algorithms, the application of compression algorithms in the medical field, and the performance metrics of medical image compression, thereby providing critical technical support for enhancing clinical diagnostic efficiency and data management security.
2.Projection image compression method for on-board radiotherapy imaging system
Zhixing CHANG ; Jiawen SHANG ; Yuhan FAN ; Jianrong DAI ; Hui YAN
Chinese Journal of Medical Physics 2025;42(10):1289-1297
Objective To achieve efficient compression of on-board radiotherapy projection images using dynamic video encoding algorithms.Methods The on-board radiotherapy imaging system primarily provides 2D X-ray projection images for patient positioning verification and 3D tomographic image reconstruction.Since multiple projection images acquired continuously exhibit strong spatiotemporal correlations,their similarities could be used to eliminate redundant information,thereby improving the image compression ratio.During image compression,the image sets obtained at different times were arranged into an image sequence which was input into a video encoder and output as a video file.During image decompression,the video file was input into a video decoder and output as an image sequence,and the images in the sequence were then assigned back to their original image sets.Three current dynamic video encoding algorithms(AVC,HEVC,and AV1)and the classic static image coding algorithm(JPEG 2000)were tested on a database of 2D projection images.The performance of various compression algorithms was evaluated using indicators such as compression ratio(CR),peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR),and structural similarity(SSIM).Moreover,visual comparison of projection images before and after compression was evaluated by clinical radiation oncologists.Results Dynamic video encoding algorithms achieved higher CR than the static image coding algorithm.The average CR of the 3 dynamic video encoding algorithms was as followed:CRAVC=11.50,CRHEVC=30.74,and CRAV1=27.10,while the average CR of the static image coding algorithm(JPEG 2000)was 5.28.For abdominal projection images,well-defined contours and textural details were preserved even when the CR reached 42.37.For head-neck projection images,although mild contour blurring emerged at a CR of 20.71,subsequent evaluation by clinical radiation oncologists confirmed that the reconstructed CBCT images still satisfied clinical requirements.Conclusion These dynamic video encoding algorithms effectively utilize the strong correlation information between multiple projection images,reduce the storage of redundant information,and greatly improve the image CR.
3.Projection image compression method for on-board radiotherapy imaging system
Zhixing CHANG ; Jiawen SHANG ; Yuhan FAN ; Jianrong DAI ; Hui YAN
Chinese Journal of Medical Physics 2025;42(10):1289-1297
Objective To achieve efficient compression of on-board radiotherapy projection images using dynamic video encoding algorithms.Methods The on-board radiotherapy imaging system primarily provides 2D X-ray projection images for patient positioning verification and 3D tomographic image reconstruction.Since multiple projection images acquired continuously exhibit strong spatiotemporal correlations,their similarities could be used to eliminate redundant information,thereby improving the image compression ratio.During image compression,the image sets obtained at different times were arranged into an image sequence which was input into a video encoder and output as a video file.During image decompression,the video file was input into a video decoder and output as an image sequence,and the images in the sequence were then assigned back to their original image sets.Three current dynamic video encoding algorithms(AVC,HEVC,and AV1)and the classic static image coding algorithm(JPEG 2000)were tested on a database of 2D projection images.The performance of various compression algorithms was evaluated using indicators such as compression ratio(CR),peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR),and structural similarity(SSIM).Moreover,visual comparison of projection images before and after compression was evaluated by clinical radiation oncologists.Results Dynamic video encoding algorithms achieved higher CR than the static image coding algorithm.The average CR of the 3 dynamic video encoding algorithms was as followed:CRAVC=11.50,CRHEVC=30.74,and CRAV1=27.10,while the average CR of the static image coding algorithm(JPEG 2000)was 5.28.For abdominal projection images,well-defined contours and textural details were preserved even when the CR reached 42.37.For head-neck projection images,although mild contour blurring emerged at a CR of 20.71,subsequent evaluation by clinical radiation oncologists confirmed that the reconstructed CBCT images still satisfied clinical requirements.Conclusion These dynamic video encoding algorithms effectively utilize the strong correlation information between multiple projection images,reduce the storage of redundant information,and greatly improve the image CR.
4.The Effect of Body Mass Index on Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcome Scores after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in an Asian Population: A 2-Year Study
Shao Jin TEO ; William YEO ; Marcus Zhixing LING ; Poh Ling FONG ; Chang Ming GUO ; John Li Tat CHEN ; Reuben Chee Cheong SOH
Asian Spine Journal 2021;15(4):512-522
Retrospective cohort study. This study aims to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) subjective patient-reported outcomes (PRO) after 1- and 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The prevalence of cervical spondylosis and ACDF in expected to continue rising among the aging population of Asia. Moreover, the prevalence of obesity is also increasing. However, limited information is available about the mechanism by which BMI affects PRO after ACDF. Total 878 patients underwent ACDF between 2000 and 2015. After excluding patients with previous cervical instrumentation, >2 levels fused, missing BMI measurement, or neoplastic/trauma indication for surgery, 535 patients were included. The PRO measures of the Neck Disability Index, Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for Neck Pain, NPRS for Limb Pain, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons–Neurogenic Symptom Score, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association myelopathy score were used. Patients were grouped based on their preoperative BMI, as per the World Health Organization guidelines for Asian populations. PRO scores were collected preoperatively, at 6 months postoperatively, and 2 years postoperatively. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationship of BMI category with the individual score, accounting for several factors that are likely to affect the outcomes. Total 19 (3.4%) were underweight, 155 (28.0%) were normal weight, 112 (20.3%) were overweight, and 267 (48.3%) were obese. Patients across all BMI categories experienced significant and similar improvements in their postoperative PRO scores. There were no significant differences in the preoperative, 6-month postoperative, and 2-year postoperative PRO scores of the groups. Rate of reoperation was highest in patients with grade II obesity at 8.07%; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Irrespective of the BMI, all patients exhibited similar satisfactory outcomes following ACDF. The results support surgery in all subgroups of patients with symptomatic nerve compression in the cervical spine.
5.The Effect of Body Mass Index on Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcome Scores after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in an Asian Population: A 2-Year Study
Shao Jin TEO ; William YEO ; Marcus Zhixing LING ; Poh Ling FONG ; Chang Ming GUO ; John Li Tat CHEN ; Reuben Chee Cheong SOH
Asian Spine Journal 2021;15(4):512-522
Retrospective cohort study. This study aims to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) subjective patient-reported outcomes (PRO) after 1- and 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The prevalence of cervical spondylosis and ACDF in expected to continue rising among the aging population of Asia. Moreover, the prevalence of obesity is also increasing. However, limited information is available about the mechanism by which BMI affects PRO after ACDF. Total 878 patients underwent ACDF between 2000 and 2015. After excluding patients with previous cervical instrumentation, >2 levels fused, missing BMI measurement, or neoplastic/trauma indication for surgery, 535 patients were included. The PRO measures of the Neck Disability Index, Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for Neck Pain, NPRS for Limb Pain, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons–Neurogenic Symptom Score, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association myelopathy score were used. Patients were grouped based on their preoperative BMI, as per the World Health Organization guidelines for Asian populations. PRO scores were collected preoperatively, at 6 months postoperatively, and 2 years postoperatively. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationship of BMI category with the individual score, accounting for several factors that are likely to affect the outcomes. Total 19 (3.4%) were underweight, 155 (28.0%) were normal weight, 112 (20.3%) were overweight, and 267 (48.3%) were obese. Patients across all BMI categories experienced significant and similar improvements in their postoperative PRO scores. There were no significant differences in the preoperative, 6-month postoperative, and 2-year postoperative PRO scores of the groups. Rate of reoperation was highest in patients with grade II obesity at 8.07%; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Irrespective of the BMI, all patients exhibited similar satisfactory outcomes following ACDF. The results support surgery in all subgroups of patients with symptomatic nerve compression in the cervical spine.
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