This article reports a case of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. The patient was an elderly female with a previous diagnosis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal involvement and chronic kidney disease stage 5. She had been receiving regular PD therapy for 8 years. She was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain and cloudy peritoneal dialysate for 10 hours, and the peritoneal dialysate culture result was positive for Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. She was treated with intraperitoneal vancomycin and intravenous ampicillin for anti-infection, but the therapeutic effect was poor. Therefore, the PD catheter was removed and the patient was discharged after the condition was improved.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. (L. japonicum, Hai Jin Sha) by comparing its components without stewed (W) and stewed (S) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and chemometric analysis. Additionally, network pharmacology was employed to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of L. japonicum in the urinary calculi (UC) treatment.MethodsA fingerprinting method was established to identify components through UHPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Chemometric techniques were used to compare the L. japonicum extraction methods. Furthermore, various network pharmacological approaches were used to identify and analyze the potential targets of the identified components in relation to UC.ResultsThe W and S extracts were distributed into two distinct clusters. Significant differences in the levels of protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid were observed between S and W. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the primary targets of L. japonicum in the UC treatment were serum albumin and epidermal growth factor receptors, with potential active components including protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid.ConclusionThis study comprehensively examined the therapeutic components of L. japonicum before and after boiling, shedding light on its potential mechanisms of action in UC treatment. These findings offer valuable insights into the development and utilization of L. japonicum resources.

This article reports a case of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. The patient was an elderly female with a previous diagnosis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal involvement and chronic kidney disease stage 5. She had been receiving regular PD therapy for 8 years. She was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain and cloudy peritoneal dialysate for 10 hours, and the peritoneal dialysate culture result was positive for Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. She was treated with intraperitoneal vancomycin and intravenous ampicillin for anti-infection, but the therapeutic effect was poor. Therefore, the PD catheter was removed and the patient was discharged after the condition was improved.

Objective:To investigate whether tetrandrine could be used as an agonist of cGAMP to enhance the activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway and analyze the antiviral function of tetrandrine.Methods:THP1-Lucia-ISRE and RAW-Lucia-ISRE cells were incubated with different doses of tetrandrine in combination with cGAMP, respectively. IRF3 reporter activity was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. Western blot was used to detect the activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway. The expression of IFN-β, CXCL10 and CCL5 at mRNA level was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of IFN-β at protein level was assessed by ELISA. HeLa cells stably expressing STING-GFP gene (HeLa-STNG-GFP cells) were constructed and stimulated with tetrandrine and cGAMP, then puncta-like structures were imaged by ZEISS LSM780. THP1-Lucia-ISRE cells were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the presence or absence of tetrandrine or cGAMP. The antiviral function of tetrandrine was analyzed by Western blot and fluorescence intensity assay.Results:Tetrandrine enhanced cGAMP-mediated IRF3 responses and activated cGAS-STING signaling pathway in combination with cGAMP. Tetrandrine combined with cGAMP triggered STING translocation and the formation of puncta-like structures in HeLa-STNG-GFP cells. The titer of HSV-1, the expression of HSV-glycoprotein D/UL30 and the fluorescence intensity of HSV-GFP were all decline after treating HSV-1-infected THP1-Lucia-ISRE cells with tetrandrine and cGAMP.Conclusions:Tetrandrine combined with cGAMP activates cGAS-STING signaling pathway, thus enhancing the host antiviral response.

Esophageal cancer （EC） is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with an extremely poor prognosis. MicroRNA （miRNA） is an important regulator in tumor occurrence and development， and can participate in malignant biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis and apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of accurate curative effects， wide range of effects， and few side effects. The review uses miRNA as the entry point to systematically elaborate on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine-mediated miRNA intervening in EC. The results showed that active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （including curcumin， Tussilago farfara polysaccharides， Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides and ophiopogonin B） and Dougen guanshitong oral liquid could up-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miRNA-532-3p （miR-532-3p）， miR-551b-3p， miR-99a， miR-34a， miR-199a-3p and miR-377； and the active ingredients/parts of traditional Chinese medicine （including chrysin and Actinidia arguta extract）， and Chinese herbal formulas （including Chaihu shugan san combined with Xuanfu daizhe decoction and Modified jupi zhuru decoction） could down-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miR-199a-3p， miR-451 and miR-21， which could regulate the expressions of signaling pathways （phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B， etc.） or their downstream protein（zinc-finger and homeobox protein 1， etc.） or enzymes（thymidine kinase-1， etc.）， inhibit the proliferation， invasion and metastasis of EC cells and induce apoptosis， thereby ultimately achieving the purpose of preventing the disease from aggravating.

Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of esophageal mucosa damage caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Its incidence is on the rise， and it has become an important precancerous disease of esophageal cancer. Studies have shown that the continuous inflammatory response stimulates the esophageal mucosa， causing abnormal proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells and damage to esophageal mucosal tissue， which eventually leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous hyperplasia and even carcinogenesis. The nuclear transcription factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is one of the most classical inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. It has been found that abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial to the development and prognosis of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. It is widely involved in the proliferation， autophagy， apoptosis， and inflammatory response of esophageal epithelial cells and tumor cells， accelerating the transformation of reflux esophagitis to esophageal cancer and making it a potential target for the treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. Currently， there is no specific treatment for reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， and large side effects often appear. Therefore， finding a promising and safe drug remains a top priority. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine scholars have conducted a lot of research on NF-κB signaling pathway， and the results indicate that NF-κB signaling pathway is an important potential target for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， but there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic elaboration. Therefore， this paper summarized the relevant studies in recent years， analyzed the relationship among NF-κB signaling pathway， reflux esophagitis， esophageal cancer， and transformation from inflammation to cancer， and reviewed the research literature on the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer.

AIM: To investigate the preoperative ocular symptoms and the characteristics of asymptomatic ocular surface abnormalities in hospitalized patients with primary pterygium.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with primary pterygium and scheduled to receive pterygium excision surgery at the Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University from August 2022 to October 2022 were enrolled. Ocular surface disease index questionnaire(OSDI), six examinations including non-invasive tear film break-up time, Schirmer I test, tear meniscus height, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland dropout and tear film lipid layer thickness, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)were performed and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 178 cases(178 eyes), with a mean age of 54.39±10.75 years old, were recruited, including 75 males(42.1%)and 103 females(57.9%). The average values of ocular surface parameters in these patients included OSDI: 11.47±9.69, tear film break-up time: 7.10±3.86 s; tear meniscus height: 0.16±0.07 mm, Schirmer I test values: 14.39±7.29 mm/5 min, and pterygium thickness: 504.74±175.87 μm. Totally 161 eyes(90.4%)presented with abnormal lid margin, 44 eyes(24.7%)presented with meibomian gland dropout score ≥4, 52 eyes(29.2%)presented with low lipid layer thickness. In the 6 objective examinations, abnormalities in at least 4 of these tests were found in 85.4% of eyes. Pterygium morphology was classified into four grades: 10 eyes(5.6%)of grade Ⅰ, 93 eyes(52.2%)of grade Ⅱ, 60 eyes(33.7%)of grade Ⅲ, and 15 eyes(8.4%)of grade Ⅳ. In patients with a higher grade of pterygium, the tear film break-up time was lower, and the proportion of abnormal lid margin was also significantly higher(P<0.05). The patients were further divided into two subgroups, including 121 eyes(68.0%)with normal OSDI <13 in the normal group and 57 eyes(32.0%)with OSDI ≥13 in the abnormal group. No significant difference was found in the proportion of meibomian gland dysfunction between the two groups of patients(71.9% vs. 71.9%, P=0.872). In addition, there were differences in the number of abnormal objective examinations(4.11±0.85 vs. 4.91±0.99, P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic ocular surface abnormalities were present preoperatively in patients hospitalized for primary pterygium. A comparable high incidence of structural or functional meibomian gland dysfunction existed in pterygium patients with or without apparent ocular discomfort. More attention should be paid to the ocular surface abnormalities in those asymptomatic patients before primary pterygium surgery.

The use of robots to augment human capabilities and assist in work has long been an aspiration.Robotics has been developing since the 1960s when the first industrial robot was introduced.As technology has advanced,robotic-assisted surgery has shown numerous advantages,including more precision,efficiency,minimal invasiveness,and safety than is possible with conventional techniques,which are research hotspots and cutting-edge trends.This article reviewed the history of medical robot development and seminal research papers about current research progress.Taking the autonomous dental implant robotic system as an example,the advantages and prospects of medical robotic systems would be discussed which would provide a reference for future research.

Objective To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)fingerprint and multi-index content determination method of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction.Methods 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus from different producing areas were collected,Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was prepared according to Technical Requirements for Quality Control and Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules,and the extract rate was calculated.UPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and determine the contents of 11-O-mogroside V,kaempferitrin and mogroside V,which were the main effective components.The chemometrics analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and find possible quality markers.Results The extraction rate of 15 batches Siraitiae fructus standard decoction ranged from 24.79％to 34.95％.There were 16 common peaks in the fingerprint,and 4 components were identified.The Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was divided into 2 categories by chemometrics analysis,among which samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi were in one category and samples from Guilin,Guangxi were in another category.Seven differential markers were screened out under the condition of variable importance projection value,and the order was as follows:peak 8＞peak 7＞peak 5＞peak 12(kaempferitrin)＞peak 1＞peak 13＞peak 4.The contents of kaempferitrin,11-O-mogroside V and mogroside V in samples from Guilin,Guangxi were slightly higher than those in samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi.Conclusion The UPLC fingerprint and content determination method established in this study are feasible,which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of Siraitiae fructus.The results of principal component analysis show that kaempferol is likely to become a quality marker of Siraitiae fructus.

Objective To establish an analytical method of LC-MS/MS based on micro-segmentation analysis of multiple hairs,verify the detection of 20 benzodiazepines in 1mm hair,and finally use it for case detection analysis.Methods 5 hairs were cut into 1mm long segments each,and the corresponding segments were immersed and sonicated in an extract containing dithiothreitol,methanol,etc.Mobile phase A was 0.1%formic acid in water,and mobile phase B was acetonitrile.Data were collected using electrospray ion source positive ion mode in multiple reaction monitoring mode.Results The 20 benzodiazepines in multiple hairs had a good linear relationship(r>0.99),detection limit of 0.2～5 pg/mm,minimum quantification limit of 0.5 to 20 pg/mm,the intro-day and inter-day precisions of 2.03%to 13.81%,the intro-day and inter-day accuracies of 87.98%～111.29%,matrix effect of 71.15%～110.43%,and extraction recovery of 69.34%to 99.94%.Using this method,hair samples were analyzed in volunteers taking a single dose of clonazepam for 20 days,and the detected location of clonazepam in 15 hairs was located in segment 6～11 from the hair root,with the concentration range of 1.06～3.45 pg/mm.By this method,the hair of the victims suspected of having taken sleeping pills in the case was analyzed.In 15 hairs,clonazepam was detected in segments 9～13 of the hair root.The quantitative results were 1.07～19.06 pg/mm.The experimental results were basically consistent with the medication time of the victim.Conclusion The micro-segmentation analysis technique of multiple hairs can be applied to the investigation of drug-assisted crime cases,and can roughly estimate the medication time.