Acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and mortality, but effective clinical drugs and management are lacking. Previous studies have suggested that macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response to AKI and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in mediating macrophage activation and polarization in various diseases, but the specific mechanisms by which FoxO1 regulates macrophages during AKI remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of FoxO1 in macrophages in the pathogenesis of AKI. We observed a significant upregulation of FoxO1 in kidney macrophages following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the administration of FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856-encapsulated liposome (AS-Lipo), mainly acting on macrophages, effectively mitigated renal injury induced by I/R injury in mice. By generating myeloid-specific FoxO1-knockout mice, we further observed that the deficiency of FoxO1 in myeloid cells protected against I/R injury-induced AKI. Furthermore, our study provided evidence of FoxO1's pivotal role in macrophage chemotaxis, inflammation, and migration. Moreover, the impact of FoxO1 on the regulation of macrophage migration was mediated through RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (ARHGEF1), indicating that ARHGEF1 may serve as a potential intermediary between FoxO1 and the activity of the RhoA pathway. Consequently, our findings propose that FoxO1 plays a crucial role as a mediator and biomarker in the context of AKI. Targeting macrophage FoxO1 pharmacologically could potentially offer a promising therapeutic approach for AKI.

Objective:To investigate the current status of vascular access team building and analysis its related factors in hemodialysis centers in China.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional survey. Using a convenience sampling method, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the clinical practice of vascular access teams in 527 hemodialysis centers in China from March to April 2022. The related factors of the formation of vascular access teams and the setting up of vascular access coordinators (VAC) were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method.Results:A total of 506 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 96.02%. There were 247 (48.81%) and 193 (38.14%) hemodialysis centers respectively across China that had built vascular access teams and set up VAC. Hemodialysis centers with more than 10 years of practice had higher rate of implementation than those in hemodialysis centers with practice years less or equal than 10 years in developing standardized procedures for vascular access management ( χ 2=8.288, P=0.004), holding continuous quality improvement meetings on vascular access ( χ 2=8.210, P=0.004), establishing vascular access teams ( χ 2=33.805, P<0.001) and setting up vascular access coordinators ( χ 2=16.038, P<0.001), and the difference was statistically significant. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of dialysis machines ( OR=2.221, 95% CI 1.118-4.415, P=0.023), the number of patients on dialysis( OR=2.946, 95% CI 1.375-6.310, P=0.005), and the establishment of VAC positions ( OR=9.463, 95% CI 5.307-16.874, P<0.001), and the standardized vascular access management process ( OR=3.383, 95% CI 2.012-5.687, P<0.001) were the related factors of vascular access team building. The related factors of setting up a VAC position in hemodialysis center were opening vascular access clinic ( OR=2.704,95% CI 1.382-5.290, P=0.004), the formation of a vascular access team ( OR=9.464, 95% CI 5.312-16.860, P<0.001), and constructing standardized procedures for vascular access management ( OR=3.663, 95% CI 2.243-5.982, P<0.001). Conclusion:The implementation rates of vascular access team and VAC position in hemodialysis centers were 48.81% and 38.14%, respectively. The number of dialysis machines, the number of patients on dialysis, the standardized procedures for vascular access management, the vascular access clinic, the vascular access team, and the VAC position were the relevant factors of the team building for vascular access.

Objective:To investigate the current status of vascular access team building and analysis its related factors in hemodialysis centers in China.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional survey. Using a convenience sampling method, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the clinical practice of vascular access teams in 527 hemodialysis centers in China from March to April 2022. The related factors of the formation of vascular access teams and the setting up of vascular access coordinators (VAC) were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method.Results:A total of 506 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 96.02%. There were 247 (48.81%) and 193 (38.14%) hemodialysis centers respectively across China that had built vascular access teams and set up VAC. Hemodialysis centers with more than 10 years of practice had higher rate of implementation than those in hemodialysis centers with practice years less or equal than 10 years in developing standardized procedures for vascular access management ( χ 2=8.288, P=0.004), holding continuous quality improvement meetings on vascular access ( χ 2=8.210, P=0.004), establishing vascular access teams ( χ 2=33.805, P<0.001) and setting up vascular access coordinators ( χ 2=16.038, P<0.001), and the difference was statistically significant. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of dialysis machines ( OR=2.221, 95% CI 1.118-4.415, P=0.023), the number of patients on dialysis( OR=2.946, 95% CI 1.375-6.310, P=0.005), and the establishment of VAC positions ( OR=9.463, 95% CI 5.307-16.874, P<0.001), and the standardized vascular access management process ( OR=3.383, 95% CI 2.012-5.687, P<0.001) were the related factors of vascular access team building. The related factors of setting up a VAC position in hemodialysis center were opening vascular access clinic ( OR=2.704,95% CI 1.382-5.290, P=0.004), the formation of a vascular access team ( OR=9.464, 95% CI 5.312-16.860, P<0.001), and constructing standardized procedures for vascular access management ( OR=3.663, 95% CI 2.243-5.982, P<0.001). Conclusion:The implementation rates of vascular access team and VAC position in hemodialysis centers were 48.81% and 38.14%, respectively. The number of dialysis machines, the number of patients on dialysis, the standardized procedures for vascular access management, the vascular access clinic, the vascular access team, and the VAC position were the relevant factors of the team building for vascular access.

Acute postoperative pain and postoperative sleep disturbances are both major challenges in perioperative management,and they interact with each other.Acute pain can interfere with postoperative sleep,and sleep disturbances can lead to hyperalgesia and aggravate postoperative pain.At present,the in-teraction mechanism between the two is not clear,and there is also a lack of unified standards for prevention and control strategies.Therefore,this article reviews the research status of the definition,harmful effect,in-teraction mechanism,prevention,and management strategies of acute postoperative pain and postoperative sleep disturbances.We hope to provide valuable reference for the prevention and treatment of perioperative complications.

Objective To investigate the practice and barriers to functional monitoring of autogenous arteriove-nous fistula(AVF)in hemodialysis centers in China.Methods Using convenience sampling,from March to April 2022,a questionnaire was designed based on the literature of AVF functional monitoring,and a total of 527 hemodialysis centers in China were investigated from 3 aspects,including monitoring process and system,monitoring method and cont ent,and monitoring team construction.Results 506 questionnaires were effectively recovered,with a recovery rate of 96.02％.The implementation rate of the 12 entries of AVF functional monitoring ranged from 12.65％～79.84％,with an overall score of(4.97±3.03).The scores had statistically significant differences in 6 admin-istrative regions of China in monitoring process and system,monitoring method and content,and monitoring team building,as well as the total scores(P＜0.001).Barriers were centered on management specification,human resource allocation,professional training,and healthcare costs.Conclusion Hospital administrators should construct and per-fect the relevant management system according to the scale and actual situation of different hemodialysis centers,strengthen the supervision of AVF functional monitoring as well as the personalised management of monitoring pro-tocols,and promote the development of a multidisciplinary cooperation model for vascular access.

Objective:To study the impact of changes in distance from the point source to the detector lead grid phantom surface on the intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity of single photon emission computed tomography equipment (SPECT), and to provide references for exploring quality control performance testing method.Methods:The intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity indexes of the dual detectors of the two SPECT machines(model 1, 2) were examined using the parallel slit lead grid phantom method, respectively, at five different positions of the vertical distance from the point source to the surface of the lead grid phantom, namely, 150, 170, 190, 210 and 230 cm.Results:After completion of image acquisition about the two SPECT machines with dual detectors at the five positions, the software-based calculated intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity in x and y direction fluctuated both within a very small range: effective field of view half-width half-maximum 3.310-3.902 mm, central field of view half-width half-maximum 3.274-3.910 mm, UFOV differential linearity (0.059-0.180 mm), FUOV absolute linearity (0.171-0.628 mm), CFOV differential linearity (0.046-0.165 mm), CFOV absolute linearity (0.115-0.534 mm). The intrinsic spatial resolution was slightly poor at a source distance of 150 cm. The UFOV FWHM detection value of two machines was (3.80±0.07)mm, with a range of 3.695-3.902 mm. The CFOV FWHM detection value was (3.73±0.11) mm, with a range of 3.572-3.910 mm. However, no statistically significant difference was found in inherent spatial resolution between model 1 and model 2 ( P>0.05). Under the WS 523-2019, the intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity of two machines with dual detectors were both qualified. The comparison of inherent spatial linearity between model 1 and model 2 showed that model 1 was inferior to model 2, with statistically significant difference ( t=15.09, P<0.001). Conclusions:There was no variation in intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity with the source distance when the vertical distance from the point source to the surface of the detector lead grid phantom was changed (150 to 230 cm). When intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity testing were performed on SPECT, it is necessary to ensure that the vertical distance from the point source to the detector is greater than 150 cm and recommended to be at least 170 cm.

Objective:To study the impact of changes in distance from the point source to the detector lead grid phantom surface on the intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity of single photon emission computed tomography equipment (SPECT), and to provide references for exploring quality control performance testing method.Methods:The intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity indexes of the dual detectors of the two SPECT machines(model 1, 2) were examined using the parallel slit lead grid phantom method, respectively, at five different positions of the vertical distance from the point source to the surface of the lead grid phantom, namely, 150, 170, 190, 210 and 230 cm.Results:After completion of image acquisition about the two SPECT machines with dual detectors at the five positions, the software-based calculated intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity in x and y direction fluctuated both within a very small range: effective field of view half-width half-maximum 3.310-3.902 mm, central field of view half-width half-maximum 3.274-3.910 mm, UFOV differential linearity (0.059-0.180 mm), FUOV absolute linearity (0.171-0.628 mm), CFOV differential linearity (0.046-0.165 mm), CFOV absolute linearity (0.115-0.534 mm). The intrinsic spatial resolution was slightly poor at a source distance of 150 cm. The UFOV FWHM detection value of two machines was (3.80±0.07)mm, with a range of 3.695-3.902 mm. The CFOV FWHM detection value was (3.73±0.11) mm, with a range of 3.572-3.910 mm. However, no statistically significant difference was found in inherent spatial resolution between model 1 and model 2 ( P>0.05). Under the WS 523-2019, the intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity of two machines with dual detectors were both qualified. The comparison of inherent spatial linearity between model 1 and model 2 showed that model 1 was inferior to model 2, with statistically significant difference ( t=15.09, P<0.001). Conclusions:There was no variation in intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity with the source distance when the vertical distance from the point source to the surface of the detector lead grid phantom was changed (150 to 230 cm). When intrinsic spatial resolution and linearity testing were performed on SPECT, it is necessary to ensure that the vertical distance from the point source to the detector is greater than 150 cm and recommended to be at least 170 cm.

Objective To investigate the practice and barriers to functional monitoring of autogenous arteriove-nous fistula(AVF)in hemodialysis centers in China.Methods Using convenience sampling,from March to April 2022,a questionnaire was designed based on the literature of AVF functional monitoring,and a total of 527 hemodialysis centers in China were investigated from 3 aspects,including monitoring process and system,monitoring method and cont ent,and monitoring team construction.Results 506 questionnaires were effectively recovered,with a recovery rate of 96.02％.The implementation rate of the 12 entries of AVF functional monitoring ranged from 12.65％～79.84％,with an overall score of(4.97±3.03).The scores had statistically significant differences in 6 admin-istrative regions of China in monitoring process and system,monitoring method and content,and monitoring team building,as well as the total scores(P＜0.001).Barriers were centered on management specification,human resource allocation,professional training,and healthcare costs.Conclusion Hospital administrators should construct and per-fect the relevant management system according to the scale and actual situation of different hemodialysis centers,strengthen the supervision of AVF functional monitoring as well as the personalised management of monitoring pro-tocols,and promote the development of a multidisciplinary cooperation model for vascular access.

Objective:To study the effects of gender on clinical outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) and to analyze the risk factors of mortality.Methods:From January 2011 to December 2020, ELBWI (birth weight <1 000 g) admitted to the Neonatology Department of our hospital were retrospectively studied. The infants were assigned into the male group and the female group. Incidences of major complications, survival rate and mortality rate were compared between the two groups. The infants were also assigned into survival group and death group according to their clinical outcomes. Binary multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of mortality in ELBWI.Results:A total of 637 ELBWI cases were included. 311 cases were in the male group with a survival rate of 57.9% (180/311) and 326 cases were in the female group with a survival rate of 57.4% (187/326). The incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), pulmonary hemorrhage and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the male group were significantly higher than the female group ( P<0.05). Significant increases of survival rate existed for both groups year by year ( P<0.01).No significant differences existed in survival rate, mortality rate of infants receiving proactive treatment and mortality rate of infants withdrawing treatment between the two groups ( P>0.05). Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that withdrawing treatment ( P<0.01) and pulmonary hemorrhage ( P<0.05) were associated with increased risks of mortality. Conclusions:Male ELBWI have higher risks of RDS, BPD and severe IVH than female ELBWI. Withdrawing treatment and pulmonary hemorrhage are common risk factors of mortality for both male and female ELBWI.

Objective To carry out quality assessment and content analysis on guidelines on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction monitoring in hemodialysis patients so as to provide a reference for building the localized clinical practice plan. MethodsDocuments were retrieved in guideline websites, professional society websites and electronic databases at home and abroad by computer. Quality assessment was carried out with the appraisal of guidelines for research and AGREEⅡ and JBI quality assessment tool on consensuses, and the recommendations of included guidelines were summarized. ResultsTotals of 4 evidence-based guidelines and one consensus were included with three of them in the level A and one in the level B of overall quality evaluation. A total of 12 items in 7 aspects were extracted including policy-making, team building, monitoring technology, training of personnel, continuous quality improvement, risk assessment and health education. Intraclass correlation coefficients of 4 evidence-based guidelines ranged from 0.866 to 0.935. Conclusions The guidelines have high levels of overall quality, but applicability needs to be improved. The recommendations are in general accord with each other, which can provide a basis for building the localized clinical practice plan.