According the Good Clinical Practice(GCP)and programmatic requirements,we analyze the management characteristics and the costs of drugs for clinical trials in different specialties from the drug management;The characteristics of the management of drugs for different specialties was summarize and the differential factors that may affect the management cost was explored,so as to provide theoretical support for the research institutions to utilize the resources in a rational and efficient way.This article provides a guarantee for the drug management with the aim of enhancing the quality and efficiency of clinical trials.

In animal navigation, head direction is encoded by head direction cells within the olfactory-hippocampal structures of the brain. Even in darkness or unfamiliar environments, animals can estimate their head direction by integrating self-motion cues, though this process accumulates errors over time and undermines navigational accuracy. Traditional strategies rely on visual input to correct head direction, but visual scenes combined with self-motion information offer only partially accurate estimates. This study proposed an innovative calibration mechanism that dynamically adjusts the association between visual scenes and head direction based on the historical firing rates of head direction cells, without relying on specific landmarks. It also introduced a method to fine-tune error correction by modulating the strength of self-motion input to control the movement speed of the head direction cell activity bump. Experimental results showed that this approach effectively reduced the accumulation of self-motion-related errors and significantly enhanced the accuracy and robustness of the navigation system. These findings offer a new perspective for biologically inspired robotic navigation systems and underscore the potential of neural mechanisms in enabling efficient and reliable autonomous navigation.
Animals ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Calibration ; Spatial Navigation/physiology* ; Head Movements/physiology* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Models, Neurological ; Head/physiology* ; Action Potentials/physiology*

Male reproductive aging is characterized by degenerative changes in the structure and function of the testes. Testicular aging involves alterations in various types of cells, among which lysosomal dysfunction in Sertoli cells is particularly critical. Recent studies have shown that abnormal lysosomal acidification leads to impaired phagosome degradation, which fails to maintain normal nutrient cycling and thereby exacerbates damage to the testicular microenvironment. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic changes are also important factors contributing to reproductive aging. Therefore, molecular intervention strategies targeting lysosomal dysfunction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, such as the use of lysosomal activators like ML-SA1 and antioxidants, may offer new therapeutic directions for alleviating male reproductive aging. Future research should further explore the interactions between these mechanisms and potential intervention targets to improve reproductive health and quality of life in middle-aged and older men.

Objective This study aims to discuss and summarize the management system for drugs used in clinical trials,with the objective of elevating the management standards.Methods Considering the situation of diverse departmental needs and the multi-campus structure,the study analyzed and explored the management of drugs for clinical trials to build a corresponding management system,including pharmacy construction,equipment,personnel qualifications,data management,drug reception,storage,distribution,and recycling protocols.The effecttivness of the system was evaluated through comparative analysis of data from 2022 to 2023 at our hospital.Result Improvements in the management of drugs for clinical trials were observed in 2023 across varous aspects.Conclusion Refining the management system of drugs for clinical trials can enhance Good Clinical Practice(GCP)supervision and service,providing an important reference for the management system.

Male reproductive aging is characterized by degenerative changes in the structure and function of the testes. Testicular aging involves alterations in various types of cells, among which lysosomal dysfunction in Sertoli cells is particularly critical. Recent studies have shown that abnormal lysosomal acidification leads to impaired phagosome degradation, which fails to maintain normal nutrient cycling and thereby exacerbates damage to the testicular microenvironment. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic changes are also important factors contributing to reproductive aging. Therefore, molecular intervention strategies targeting lysosomal dysfunction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, such as the use of lysosomal activators like ML-SA1 and antioxidants, may offer new therapeutic directions for alleviating male reproductive aging. Future research should further explore the interactions between these mechanisms and potential intervention targets to improve reproductive health and quality of life in middle-aged and older men.

According the Good Clinical Practice(GCP)and programmatic requirements,we analyze the management characteristics and the costs of drugs for clinical trials in different specialties from the drug management;The characteristics of the management of drugs for different specialties was summarize and the differential factors that may affect the management cost was explored,so as to provide theoretical support for the research institutions to utilize the resources in a rational and efficient way.This article provides a guarantee for the drug management with the aim of enhancing the quality and efficiency of clinical trials.

Objective This study aims to discuss and summarize the management system for drugs used in clinical trials,with the objective of elevating the management standards.Methods Considering the situation of diverse departmental needs and the multi-campus structure,the study analyzed and explored the management of drugs for clinical trials to build a corresponding management system,including pharmacy construction,equipment,personnel qualifications,data management,drug reception,storage,distribution,and recycling protocols.The effecttivness of the system was evaluated through comparative analysis of data from 2022 to 2023 at our hospital.Result Improvements in the management of drugs for clinical trials were observed in 2023 across varous aspects.Conclusion Refining the management system of drugs for clinical trials can enhance Good Clinical Practice(GCP)supervision and service,providing an important reference for the management system.

AIM: To investigate the preoperative ocular symptoms and the characteristics of asymptomatic ocular surface abnormalities in hospitalized patients with primary pterygium.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with primary pterygium and scheduled to receive pterygium excision surgery at the Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University from August 2022 to October 2022 were enrolled. Ocular surface disease index questionnaire(OSDI), six examinations including non-invasive tear film break-up time, Schirmer I test, tear meniscus height, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland dropout and tear film lipid layer thickness, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)were performed and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 178 cases(178 eyes), with a mean age of 54.39±10.75 years old, were recruited, including 75 males(42.1%)and 103 females(57.9%). The average values of ocular surface parameters in these patients included OSDI: 11.47±9.69, tear film break-up time: 7.10±3.86 s; tear meniscus height: 0.16±0.07 mm, Schirmer I test values: 14.39±7.29 mm/5 min, and pterygium thickness: 504.74±175.87 μm. Totally 161 eyes(90.4%)presented with abnormal lid margin, 44 eyes(24.7%)presented with meibomian gland dropout score ≥4, 52 eyes(29.2%)presented with low lipid layer thickness. In the 6 objective examinations, abnormalities in at least 4 of these tests were found in 85.4% of eyes. Pterygium morphology was classified into four grades: 10 eyes(5.6%)of grade Ⅰ, 93 eyes(52.2%)of grade Ⅱ, 60 eyes(33.7%)of grade Ⅲ, and 15 eyes(8.4%)of grade Ⅳ. In patients with a higher grade of pterygium, the tear film break-up time was lower, and the proportion of abnormal lid margin was also significantly higher(P<0.05). The patients were further divided into two subgroups, including 121 eyes(68.0%)with normal OSDI <13 in the normal group and 57 eyes(32.0%)with OSDI ≥13 in the abnormal group. No significant difference was found in the proportion of meibomian gland dysfunction between the two groups of patients(71.9% vs. 71.9%, P=0.872). In addition, there were differences in the number of abnormal objective examinations(4.11±0.85 vs. 4.91±0.99, P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic ocular surface abnormalities were present preoperatively in patients hospitalized for primary pterygium. A comparable high incidence of structural or functional meibomian gland dysfunction existed in pterygium patients with or without apparent ocular discomfort. More attention should be paid to the ocular surface abnormalities in those asymptomatic patients before primary pterygium surgery.

Objective: To understand the distribution of tobacco retailer within 100 meters outside middle schools in Wuhan City and its impact on smoking behavior of middle school students, so as to provide basis and feasible suggestions for the development of tobacco control policy for adolescents. Methods: From February to May 2023, a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 20 middle schools from 4 districts in Wuhan City. To investigate the distribution of tobacco retailer within 100 metres outside the school and the sale of tobacco to minors. A total of 4 882 students were surveyed using the core questions of the 2021 Chinese Adolescent Tobacco Prevalence Questionnaire. Fisher exact probability test, Chi square test and Chi square trend test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Nearly 70.00% of middle schools had tobacco retailer within 100 metres, with an average of (1.10±0.97) per middle school. The awareness rate (100.00%) and labeling rate (87.50%) of licensed tobacco retailer were higher than those of non licensed tobacco retailer (33.33%, 16.67%) ( P <0.05). The rates of tried smoking, current smoking and buying cigarettes within 30 days were 7.13%, 1.99% and 2.54%, respectively. The rates of students who tried smoking ( 8.58 %), current smoking (2.29%) and buying cigarettes within 30 days (2.85%) in schools with tobacco retailer within 100 metres were higher than those in schools without tobacco retailer (3.79%, 1.28%, 1.83%)( χ 2=35.80, 5.37, 4.37 , P <0.05). And as the grade increased, the rates of tried smoking, current smoking and buying cigarettes among middle school students all showed an upward trend ( χ 2 trend =66.20, 36.10, 16.17, P <0.05). Conclusions Middle school students in Wuhan City have high tobacco availability. The findings suggest that school ban should be extended from 50 meters to 100 meters, and the regulatory authorities must strictly prohibit selling tobacco products to minors at tobacco retailer.

Objective To compare the accuracy of the original-mirror alignment algorithm and a landmark-indepen-dent method in constructing the midsagittal plane(MSP)of the cone beam computed tomography in patients with facial deformities,so as to provide a theoretical basis for symmetric analysis.Methods The study was approved by the hospi-tal ethics committee.Cone beam computed tomography data of 30 patients with facial deformities were obtained,and the output was saved in DICOM format.The scan data were imported into Mimics 21.0;after segmentation,three-dimension-al(3D)skull models were reconstructed.Furthermore,the 3D scan data of skulls were transformed into mirror skull models using Geomagic Studio 2014 reverse engineering software.The MSP of each skull was generated using both the original-mirror alignment algorithm and the landmark-independent method.Original-mirror alignment algorithm:the original skull model and its mirror model were combined,and the new data to calculate the MSP(S1)of the original data in Geomagic Studio 2014 were obtained.Landmark-independent method:the following anatomical landmarks were deter-mined using Mimics 21.0:nasion(N),crista galli(CG),sella(S),basion(Ba),vomer(V),posterior nasal spine(PNS),in-cisive foramen(IF),and anterior nasal spine(ANS).The MSP(S2)of best fit was then found by minimizing the mean square distance of these eight anatomical landmarks to a plane in Geomagic Studio 2014.The results of the S1 and S2 models constructed using the original-mirror alignment algorithm and the landmark-independent method,respectively,were scored subjectively by five senior maxillofacial surgeons,and a paired t-test was performed for the two groups.The internal consistency analysis was performed based on secondary experiments to verify the repeatability of the expert evaluation method.Results The average scores of the S1 and S2 models were 65.73 and 75.90,respectively.The aver-age score of the model constructed using the landmark-independent method was significantly higher than that of the model constructed using the original-mirror alignment algorithm(P＜0.01).Furthermore,the results of the internal con-sistency analysis showed that the expert evaluation method had good reliability and validity.Conclusion In patients with facial deformities,the MSP constructed using the landmark-independent method is superior to that constructed us-ing the original-mirror alignment algorithm.This study provides a theoretical basis for maxillofacial symmetry analysis in clinical settings and is clinically feasible.