In animal navigation, head direction is encoded by head direction cells within the olfactory-hippocampal structures of the brain. Even in darkness or unfamiliar environments, animals can estimate their head direction by integrating self-motion cues, though this process accumulates errors over time and undermines navigational accuracy. Traditional strategies rely on visual input to correct head direction, but visual scenes combined with self-motion information offer only partially accurate estimates. This study proposed an innovative calibration mechanism that dynamically adjusts the association between visual scenes and head direction based on the historical firing rates of head direction cells, without relying on specific landmarks. It also introduced a method to fine-tune error correction by modulating the strength of self-motion input to control the movement speed of the head direction cell activity bump. Experimental results showed that this approach effectively reduced the accumulation of self-motion-related errors and significantly enhanced the accuracy and robustness of the navigation system. These findings offer a new perspective for biologically inspired robotic navigation systems and underscore the potential of neural mechanisms in enabling efficient and reliable autonomous navigation.
Animals ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Calibration ; Spatial Navigation/physiology* ; Head Movements/physiology* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Models, Neurological ; Head/physiology* ; Action Potentials/physiology*

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and mortality, but effective clinical drugs and management are lacking. Previous studies have suggested that macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response to AKI and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in mediating macrophage activation and polarization in various diseases, but the specific mechanisms by which FoxO1 regulates macrophages during AKI remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of FoxO1 in macrophages in the pathogenesis of AKI. We observed a significant upregulation of FoxO1 in kidney macrophages following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the administration of FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856-encapsulated liposome (AS-Lipo), mainly acting on macrophages, effectively mitigated renal injury induced by I/R injury in mice. By generating myeloid-specific FoxO1-knockout mice, we further observed that the deficiency of FoxO1 in myeloid cells protected against I/R injury-induced AKI. Furthermore, our study provided evidence of FoxO1's pivotal role in macrophage chemotaxis, inflammation, and migration. Moreover, the impact of FoxO1 on the regulation of macrophage migration was mediated through RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (ARHGEF1), indicating that ARHGEF1 may serve as a potential intermediary between FoxO1 and the activity of the RhoA pathway. Consequently, our findings propose that FoxO1 plays a crucial role as a mediator and biomarker in the context of AKI. Targeting macrophage FoxO1 pharmacologically could potentially offer a promising therapeutic approach for AKI.

BACKGROUND:A novel aggregation induced luminescence fluorescence probe based on the mechanism of intramolecular motility restriction can be used for the detection of disease markers,tumor diagnosis,and bacterial imaging recognition.OBJECTIVE:To prepare a near-infrared Ⅱ nanoprobe called FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs based on aggregation-induced luminescence,and to explore its potential of targeted fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy for prostate cancer.METHODS:Lecithin,polyethylene glycol phospholipids,folate polyethylene glycol phospholipids,and aggregation induced luminescent molecule 2TT-oC26B were used as raw materials.The folate-targeted nanoprobe FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method,and basic characterization of the nanoprobe was detected.PC3 human prostate cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were selected as experimental objects.The cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs were detected.PC3 human prostate cancer cells were selected as the experimental objects.Flow cytometry and calcein/propidium iodide staining were used to assess the efficacy of photothermal therapy.PC3 human prostate cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the abdomen of BALB/C nude mice to establish a tumor model,and nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs were injected into the tail vein.The mice were immediately subjected to near-infraced Ⅱ fluorescence imaging.12 hours later,the tumor was irradiated by laser for 5 minutes,and the photothermal treatment effect was observed within 14 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs with a mean diameter of(171.0±0.3)nm showed a well-defined spherical morphology.The nanoprobe had a wide absorption spectrum and tail emission extending to the near-infrared Ⅱ which emitted a bright near-infrared Ⅱ fluorescence signal under laser irradiation.(2)The nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs had low cytotoxicity and high phototoxicity.The results of flow cytometry and calcein/propidium iodide staining showed that nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs had an obvious photothermal killing effect on human prostate cancer cells.(3)The nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs successfully achieved near-infrared Ⅱ fluorescence imaging of mouse blood vessels and the maximum enrichment time of the tumor was 12 hours.The vessel widths of the hind leg and single blood vessels of abdomen were estimated to be 0.63 mm and 0.42 mm.The tumor volume of mice was significantly smaller after 14 days of treatment.(4)The results show that nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs can achieve near-infrared Ⅱ fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy of prostate cancer effectively,which may provide a new method for early diagnosis and combined treatment of prostate cancer.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of LY01011,a recombinant anti-RANKL fully human monoclonal antibody injection,versus denosumab in the treatment of bone metastases from solid tumors.Methods:A randomized,double-blind,positive drug parallel-controlled,multicenter clinical trial was conducted.A total of 850 subjects were randomly assigned(1:1)to either the experimental group(424 subjects)or the control group(426 subjects).The experimental group received 13 doses of LY01011,while the control group received 3 doses of denosumab followed by 10 doses of LY01011.Results:The primary efficacy endpoint was the natural logarithmic change from baseline in urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen corrected by urinary creatinine(uNTX/uCr)at week 13.The change was-1.740(0.042 0)in the experimental group and-1.745(0.042 1)in the control group.The least-squares mean difference between groups was 0.005(90%CI:-0.088 to 0.097),indicating no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Safety profiles,including treatment-emergent adverse events,laboratory tests,vital signs,physical examinations,and electrocardiograms,were comparable between groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:LY01011 demonstrated biosimilarity to denosumab,with favorable safety profile,tolerability,and potential for clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of flow diverter (FD) in the treatment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) dissection aneurysms.Methods:Patients with MCA dissection aneurysm received FD treatment at the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Hospital and the Cerebrovascular Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023 were included retrospectively. The success rate of procedure, incidence of complications, occlusion rate of aneurysms, and clinical outcome were evaluated.Results:A total of 23 patients were included, with a success rate of 100% for FD implantation and a periprocedural complication rate of 8.7%. Nineteen patients (82.6%) completed angiography follow-up within an average of 7.2 months, of which the aneurysms of 16 patients (84.2%) were completely occluded, 3 (15.8%) were partial occluded, and 2 (10.5%) experienced in-stent restenosis; 14 (73.7%) showed stenosis of covered branch openings, of which 2 (10.5%) had branch occlusions, with no relevant clinical symptoms. The median clinical follow-up time was 23.2 months, with 95.7% of patients achieving good outcome (modified Rankin scale score ≤2).Conclusion:FD is safe and effective in the treatment of MCA dissection aneurysms, and precise device selection and release is the key to improving procedural safety.

Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma vitamin D levels and a novel inflam-matory marker,the systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII),in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods This study adopted a cross-sectional design,in which patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were enrolled as study participants.Data on demographic characteristics,medical history,physical examination findings,and laboratory test results were systematically collected.Participants were categorized into three groups based on their serum vitamin D levels:deficient,insuffi-cient,and sufficient.The relationship between vitamin D levels and the SII was evaluated using a multivariate linear regression model.Additionally,a restricted cubic spline model was employed to assess the nonlinear dose-response association between vitamin D levels and SII.Results This study enrolled a total of 5,716 patients with type 2 diabetes.A statistically significant difference in the SII was observed across groups with varying vitamin D levels(P<0.05),with the highest SII value found in the vitamin D-deficient group.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that,after adjusting for potential confounding factors including gender,age,season of blood collection,body mass index,hypertension,dyslipidemia,and chronic kidney disease,vitamin D levels were negatively associ-ated with SII(β=-2.68,95%CI:-3.56 to-1.81,P<0.001).Compared with the vitamin D-deficient group,the vitamin D-sufficient group exhibited significantly lower SII levels(β=-78.42,95%CI:-137.90 to-18.93,P=0.01).Furthermore,the restricted cubic spline model indicated a nonlinear dose-response relationship between vita-min D levels and SII(P<0.001).Conclusion There is a significant inverse correlation between plasma vitamin D levels and the SII in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma vitamin D levels and a novel inflam-matory marker,the systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII),in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods This study adopted a cross-sectional design,in which patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were enrolled as study participants.Data on demographic characteristics,medical history,physical examination findings,and laboratory test results were systematically collected.Participants were categorized into three groups based on their serum vitamin D levels:deficient,insuffi-cient,and sufficient.The relationship between vitamin D levels and the SII was evaluated using a multivariate linear regression model.Additionally,a restricted cubic spline model was employed to assess the nonlinear dose-response association between vitamin D levels and SII.Results This study enrolled a total of 5,716 patients with type 2 diabetes.A statistically significant difference in the SII was observed across groups with varying vitamin D levels(P<0.05),with the highest SII value found in the vitamin D-deficient group.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that,after adjusting for potential confounding factors including gender,age,season of blood collection,body mass index,hypertension,dyslipidemia,and chronic kidney disease,vitamin D levels were negatively associ-ated with SII(β=-2.68,95%CI:-3.56 to-1.81,P<0.001).Compared with the vitamin D-deficient group,the vitamin D-sufficient group exhibited significantly lower SII levels(β=-78.42,95%CI:-137.90 to-18.93,P=0.01).Furthermore,the restricted cubic spline model indicated a nonlinear dose-response relationship between vita-min D levels and SII(P<0.001).Conclusion There is a significant inverse correlation between plasma vitamin D levels and the SII in patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND:A novel aggregation induced luminescence fluorescence probe based on the mechanism of intramolecular motility restriction can be used for the detection of disease markers,tumor diagnosis,and bacterial imaging recognition.OBJECTIVE:To prepare a near-infrared Ⅱ nanoprobe called FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs based on aggregation-induced luminescence,and to explore its potential of targeted fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy for prostate cancer.METHODS:Lecithin,polyethylene glycol phospholipids,folate polyethylene glycol phospholipids,and aggregation induced luminescent molecule 2TT-oC26B were used as raw materials.The folate-targeted nanoprobe FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method,and basic characterization of the nanoprobe was detected.PC3 human prostate cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were selected as experimental objects.The cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs were detected.PC3 human prostate cancer cells were selected as the experimental objects.Flow cytometry and calcein/propidium iodide staining were used to assess the efficacy of photothermal therapy.PC3 human prostate cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the abdomen of BALB/C nude mice to establish a tumor model,and nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs were injected into the tail vein.The mice were immediately subjected to near-infraced Ⅱ fluorescence imaging.12 hours later,the tumor was irradiated by laser for 5 minutes,and the photothermal treatment effect was observed within 14 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs with a mean diameter of(171.0±0.3)nm showed a well-defined spherical morphology.The nanoprobe had a wide absorption spectrum and tail emission extending to the near-infrared Ⅱ which emitted a bright near-infrared Ⅱ fluorescence signal under laser irradiation.(2)The nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs had low cytotoxicity and high phototoxicity.The results of flow cytometry and calcein/propidium iodide staining showed that nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs had an obvious photothermal killing effect on human prostate cancer cells.(3)The nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs successfully achieved near-infrared Ⅱ fluorescence imaging of mouse blood vessels and the maximum enrichment time of the tumor was 12 hours.The vessel widths of the hind leg and single blood vessels of abdomen were estimated to be 0.63 mm and 0.42 mm.The tumor volume of mice was significantly smaller after 14 days of treatment.(4)The results show that nanoprobes FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs can achieve near-infrared Ⅱ fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy of prostate cancer effectively,which may provide a new method for early diagnosis and combined treatment of prostate cancer.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of LY01011,a recombinant anti-RANKL fully human monoclonal antibody injection,versus denosumab in the treatment of bone metastases from solid tumors.Methods:A randomized,double-blind,positive drug parallel-controlled,multicenter clinical trial was conducted.A total of 850 subjects were randomly assigned(1:1)to either the experimental group(424 subjects)or the control group(426 subjects).The experimental group received 13 doses of LY01011,while the control group received 3 doses of denosumab followed by 10 doses of LY01011.Results:The primary efficacy endpoint was the natural logarithmic change from baseline in urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen corrected by urinary creatinine(uNTX/uCr)at week 13.The change was-1.740(0.042 0)in the experimental group and-1.745(0.042 1)in the control group.The least-squares mean difference between groups was 0.005(90%CI:-0.088 to 0.097),indicating no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Safety profiles,including treatment-emergent adverse events,laboratory tests,vital signs,physical examinations,and electrocardiograms,were comparable between groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:LY01011 demonstrated biosimilarity to denosumab,with favorable safety profile,tolerability,and potential for clinical application.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of lumbar cisterna drainage(LCD) in treating paraplegia after thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR) for acute aortic dissection.Methods:A retrospective descriptive study was used to analyze 4 patients with aortic dissection who developed paraplegia after transthoracic aortic stent graft repair (TEVAR) admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2015 to May 2022. There were 3 males and 1 females, aged between 38 and 65 years old. All patients with paraplegia after TEVAR were treated with LCD. Follow-up was carried out by outpatient and telephone for 12 months. The imaging indicators and clinical efficacy were observed.Results:Two patients were fully recovered before discharge, one patient was completely recovered by about 3 months after surgery, and one patient still had reduced sensation and grade 4 muscle strength at 12 months of follow-up. The CT angiography of all 4 patients did not show any evidence of endoleak, and there was no enlargement of the distal dissecting aneurysm.Conclusion:Lumbar cisterna drainage can alleviate or cure paraplegia caused by spinal cord ischemia after TEVAR for acute aortic dissection.