Objective To sort out the distribution characteristics of literature evidences on tradi-tional Chinese medicine interventions for postoperative endometrial polyps(EPs),understand the current application status of traditional Chinese medicine in improving the postoperative status and preventing recurrence in patients with endometrial polyps,explore potential research directions,and summarize the deficiencies.Methods Clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine treatment for EPs were searched in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wan-fang Data Knowledge Service Platform(WanFang),VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform(VIP),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(SinoMed),Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(CHICTR),PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,and Clinical Trials.gov(CT.gov).The Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database was also supplemented for retrieval.The search period spanned from the establishment of each database to January 2025.The basic characteristics,outcome indicators,and methodological quality assessments of the included studies were presented in graphical form.Results A total of 150 articles were included,comprising 4 systematic reviews/Meta-analyses,146 clinical studies,and 0 expert consensuses or clinical pathways.The clinical studies were predominantly two-arm trials with sample sizes concentrated between 60 and 120 cases.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine decoctions was the primary intervention,with treatment durations mostly lasting 3 months.Outcome indicators mainly included clinical efficacy,recurrence rate,and menstrual condi-tions,among others.However,the evaluation criteria were inconsistent,and patients' quality of life was neglected.Randomized controlled trials exhibited biases in blinding implementation,randomiza-tion processes,and outcome reporting.Non-randomized controlled trials faced issues with imbal-anced sample sizes between groups.Observational studies demonstrated biases in measuring expo-sure factors.Systematic reviews/Meta-analyses showed deficiencies in methodological and reporting quality.Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates advantages in improving the post-operative status and preventing recurrence in patients with endometrial polyps.Subsequent research should enhance the quality of study design and implementation,adopt objective outcome indicators,standardize efficacy criteria for traditional Chinese medicine syndromes,and improve the evidence quality of evidence-based medicine research.

BACKGROUND:Currently,pedicle screw fixation technology is recognized as the gold standard for lumbar posterior fusion surgery.However,this technique is associated with several complications such as suboptimal screw placement,loosening,and fracture.Addressing these issues,it requires a thorough investigation into the mechanical properties of screw reinsertion to optimize surgical procedures and enhance success rates and safety.OBJECTIVE:By combining finite element analysis with biomechanical experiments,this study aims to compare and analyze the mechanical performance of traditional trajectory pedicle screws during multiple extraction processes.The goal is to reveal patterns in screw extraction strength over repeated withdrawals,providing scientific insights into the safety and effectiveness of pedicle screw reinsertion for clinicians.METHODS:Based on CT scan data,a three-dimensional reconstruction of the L4 vertebra model was performed.Three-dimensional printing technology was used to create biological experimental samples.A pull-out experiment was conducted according to a screw placement plan.Utilizing CT data and standard pedicle screw parameters,a finite element model of the L4 vertebra and a pedicle screw model(diameter 6.0 mm,length 45 mm)were established.The model was divided into five operating conditions based on screw placement angle and cycles.A finite element model was developed to simulate axial pull-out testing,analyzing stress distribution in the vertebral body and maximum axial pull-out strength of the screw.Mechanics experimental results of three-dimensional printing were compared and analyzed against simulation outcomes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A dedicated experimental setup for pedicle screw extraction from single vertebrae was designed and constructed.(2)In the three-dimensional printing experiment,our groups of models were compared between correctly placed screws and once improperly placed screws.The correctly placed screws group exhibited a maximum pull-out force of(1 422.63±23.80)N.Furthermore,with increasing deviation angles in screw placement,the maximum pull-out forces of each group gradually decreased.(3)Comparing the condition of a single improper nail placement with repositioning the nail correctly,when the offset angle of the improper placement exceeded that of Model 3,correctly repositioning the nail helps to increase the screw's pull-out resistance.(4)Comparing the scenario of two consecutive improper nail placements with repositioning correctly after two improper placements,correctly repositioning the nail reduced the screw's pull-out resistance.Without replacing the screw,it was not advisable to attempt a third nail placement.(5)Experimental pull-out strength of three-dimensional printing correlates significantly with finite element simulation results,with a correlation coefficient of 0.98.There is no significant difference in the outcomes between the two methods(P＞0.05).

BACKGROUND:Currently,pedicle screw fixation technology is recognized as the gold standard for lumbar posterior fusion surgery.However,this technique is associated with several complications such as suboptimal screw placement,loosening,and fracture.Addressing these issues,it requires a thorough investigation into the mechanical properties of screw reinsertion to optimize surgical procedures and enhance success rates and safety.OBJECTIVE:By combining finite element analysis with biomechanical experiments,this study aims to compare and analyze the mechanical performance of traditional trajectory pedicle screws during multiple extraction processes.The goal is to reveal patterns in screw extraction strength over repeated withdrawals,providing scientific insights into the safety and effectiveness of pedicle screw reinsertion for clinicians.METHODS:Based on CT scan data,a three-dimensional reconstruction of the L4 vertebra model was performed.Three-dimensional printing technology was used to create biological experimental samples.A pull-out experiment was conducted according to a screw placement plan.Utilizing CT data and standard pedicle screw parameters,a finite element model of the L4 vertebra and a pedicle screw model(diameter 6.0 mm,length 45 mm)were established.The model was divided into five operating conditions based on screw placement angle and cycles.A finite element model was developed to simulate axial pull-out testing,analyzing stress distribution in the vertebral body and maximum axial pull-out strength of the screw.Mechanics experimental results of three-dimensional printing were compared and analyzed against simulation outcomes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A dedicated experimental setup for pedicle screw extraction from single vertebrae was designed and constructed.(2)In the three-dimensional printing experiment,our groups of models were compared between correctly placed screws and once improperly placed screws.The correctly placed screws group exhibited a maximum pull-out force of(1 422.63±23.80)N.Furthermore,with increasing deviation angles in screw placement,the maximum pull-out forces of each group gradually decreased.(3)Comparing the condition of a single improper nail placement with repositioning the nail correctly,when the offset angle of the improper placement exceeded that of Model 3,correctly repositioning the nail helps to increase the screw's pull-out resistance.(4)Comparing the scenario of two consecutive improper nail placements with repositioning correctly after two improper placements,correctly repositioning the nail reduced the screw's pull-out resistance.Without replacing the screw,it was not advisable to attempt a third nail placement.(5)Experimental pull-out strength of three-dimensional printing correlates significantly with finite element simulation results,with a correlation coefficient of 0.98.There is no significant difference in the outcomes between the two methods(P＞0.05).

Objective To discuss and analyze the reliability and validity of the application Chinese version of Caregiver Grief Scale (CGS) on caregivers of patients with advanced hepatocarcinoma. Methods To translate the original English scale into Chinese and adapt it to the culture of China, forming a Chinese CGS. Totally 330 patients were selected with advanced hepatocarcinoma who were hospitalized in a gradeⅢ, class A hospital by the convenient sampling method. They were carried out exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis respectively. Results For Chinese CGS, the critical value of every purpose has statistical significance (P < 0.05) by comparison. Exploratory factor analysis showed:KMO value was 0.923;Bartlett's sphericity test value was 794.31;cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.532%;four common factors can be extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the structural model of the scale was good: χ2/d?=1.11<3.0,goodness of fit index=0.995,root mean square error of approximation=0.021,adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.968,normed fit index=0.973, comparative fit index=0.957,Tucker-Lewis index=0.993,incremental fit index=0.943. Each correlation coefficient of the scale has statistical significance and expert validity is between 0.832 and 0.973. Reliability analysis shows that the total Cronbach'sαof the scale was 0.908;Cronbach'sαcoefficient of every dimension was between 0.896 and 0.913; Guttman's split-half reliability was 0.917; test-retest reliability was 0.831. ROC curve showed that when the total score of the scale ≥24.5, specificity and sensitivity were good. Conclusions Chinese version of CGS has good reliability and validity, which is suitable for preliminary screening grief emotion of caregivers of patients with advanced hepatocarcinoma.

Objective To prepare the monodisperse,colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with controllable sizes (50 nm,65 nm,79 nm and 102 nm) for the qualitative detection of cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ) by immunochromatography assay,and to evaluate the effectiveness of the detection.Methods Four kinds of monodisperse citrate-stabilized AuNPs were prepared using small AuNPs as growth centers (seeds) by a seeded growth thermal aging protocol.As controls,two conventional AuNPs (20 nm,40 nm) were prepared by the traditional citrate-reduction method.The mouse monoclonal antibody against cTnⅠ labeled AuNPs were dropped on polyester mat to make AuNPs conjugate pad.The detection line and quality control line of immunochromatography assay kits for detection of cTnⅠ were coated by mouse anti human cTnⅠ monoclonal antibody paired with antibody in AuNPs and goat anti mouse polyclonal antiboy respectively.The six kinds of AuNPs were employed as color-labels in immunochromatography assay kits for detecting cTnⅠ,and the corresponding detection effects were evaluated in signal intensity,sensitivity,specificity and stability.The assay kit with the best performance was chosen and compared with the commercialized kits for the detection of cTnⅠ in clinical samples.Results Four kinds of monodisperse AuNPs with large sizes of 50 nm,65 nm,79 nm,102 nm respectively were successfully synthesized by the seeded growth thermal aging method.The signal strength of four kinds of kits produced by the four large-sized AuNPs was superior to the kits produced by 20 nm AuNPs in detecting cTnⅠ(all P＜0.01).The signal strength of the kits produced by 65nm AuNPs showed the best performance among the six kinds of AuNPs(all P＜0.01).The lowest detectable limit was 0.50 ng/ml.To compare the agreement of results from chemiluminescent immunoassay versus the results from kits produced by 65nm AuNPs,100 serum samples have been used for detecting cTnⅠ.Their positive coincidence rate was 97.30％ and negative coincidence rate was 100％,the sensitivity and signal strength of the kits produced by 65nm AuNPs was superior to similar products which produced by ABON and Bottests company(all P＜0.01).Conclusions Monodisperse,largesized,citrate-stabilized AuNPs are controllably prepared by a seeded growth-thermal aging method.The development of large-size AuNPs-based immunochromatography assay kits is feasible.65 nm AuNPs can be a suitable candidate for cTnⅠ immunochromatography assay kit.Our findings provides a new idea for the current immunochromatography assay kits which still adopt small-sized AuNPs as color labels.