Objective:To evaluate the application potential of the bimodal ultrasound/near-infrared (NIR) composite nanoscale probe Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)/Ag 2Te/perfluoropentane (PFP) @ mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) in the diagnosis and treatment of microvascular diseases. Methods:Nanoprobes loaded with RGD, PFP and Ag 2Te were prepared by ultrasound sonication and carbodiimide method. The characterization of the nanoprobes was determined. The imaging performance, photothermal response, and target-seeking ability of the nanoprobes under NIR irradiation were verified. The biosafety of the nanoprobes was examined, and the thrombolytic ability of the nanoprobes was evaluated. The mice were observed to visualize microvessels of the abdominal wall under the NIR-Ⅱ imaging, and the microvascular visualization ability of the nanoprobes was evaluated. Results:The particle size of nanoprobes was (205.3±2.9) nm and the potential was (2.05±0.58) mV. The coupling rate of the RGD was (82.27±0.36)%, the encapsulation rate of the quantum dots was (80.80±3.26)%, and the photostability of the quantum dots was good. The fluorescence intensity was enhanced with the increase of the mass concentration of RGD/Ag 2Te/PFP@MSN, and the warming effect was more obvious. After ultrasound and NIR irradiation, the thrombolysis rate was significantly increased. RGD/Ag 2Te/PFP@MSN successfully realized NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging of mice microvessels. The cytotoxicity assay and hemolysis assay showed that the probe had a good biosafety. Conclusion:The RGD/Ag 2Te/PFP@MSN nanoprobe is a potential strategy for targeted therapy of thrombotic diseases, combining dual-modality therapy of ultrasound and NIR to offer new possibilities for non-invasive and visual diagnosis and treatment of microvascular embolism.

Objective:To analyze the expression level of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in pancreatic cancer tissues and its correlation with prognosis using bioinformatics methods, and to explore its potential mechanisms.Methods:Expression analysis of the PRMTs family members was performed based on the gene expression profiles of 178 pancreatic cancer tissues from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and 171 normal pancreatic tissues from the TCGA and GTEx databases. Using the median expression level of PRMTs family members in pancreatic cancer tissues as the cutoff, patients were divided into high-expression and low-expression groups, and Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were plotted. The correlation between PRMT5 expression and the expression of oncogenes such as KRAS, TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, and SLC39A4 was analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted on genes similar to PRMT5, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to analyze the interaction relationships among these similar genes. Pancreatic cancer PANC1 and AsPC-1 cells cultured in standard medium served as the control group, while PANC1 and AsPC-1 cells cultured in medium supplemented with the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 served as the intervention group. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:The expression level of PRMT5 in pancreatic cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal pancreatic tissues and showed a significant negative correlation with both OS and DFS. Patients with high PRMT5 expression had a shorter median survival time compared to those with low expression (17.2 months vs 19.5 months). PRMT5 expression was significantly positively correlated with the expression of oncogenes KRAS, TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, SLC39A4, and KLF5. Genes similar to PRMT5 were primarily enriched in cell cycle-related signaling pathways, and NOP58 identified as a hub gene in the PPI network. Compared to the control group, the proliferation activity of PANC1 and AsPC-1 cells in the intervention group was significantly reduced [(67.3±1.9)% vs (100±4.4)% for PANC1; (60.5±2.7)% vs (100.0±1.7)% for AsPC-1], and the proportion of cells in the G1 phase was significantly increased [(51.6±0.7)% vs (35.3±2.7)% for PANC1; (51.2±0.9)% vs (29.7±2.2)% for AsPC-1]. All these differences were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). Conclusions:High expression of PRMT5 was closely associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients, and it may contribute to pancreatic cancer progression by regulating the cell cycle.

Objective:To analyze the expression level of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in pancreatic cancer tissues and its correlation with prognosis using bioinformatics methods, and to explore its potential mechanisms.Methods:Expression analysis of the PRMTs family members was performed based on the gene expression profiles of 178 pancreatic cancer tissues from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and 171 normal pancreatic tissues from the TCGA and GTEx databases. Using the median expression level of PRMTs family members in pancreatic cancer tissues as the cutoff, patients were divided into high-expression and low-expression groups, and Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were plotted. The correlation between PRMT5 expression and the expression of oncogenes such as KRAS, TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, and SLC39A4 was analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted on genes similar to PRMT5, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to analyze the interaction relationships among these similar genes. Pancreatic cancer PANC1 and AsPC-1 cells cultured in standard medium served as the control group, while PANC1 and AsPC-1 cells cultured in medium supplemented with the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 served as the intervention group. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:The expression level of PRMT5 in pancreatic cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal pancreatic tissues and showed a significant negative correlation with both OS and DFS. Patients with high PRMT5 expression had a shorter median survival time compared to those with low expression (17.2 months vs 19.5 months). PRMT5 expression was significantly positively correlated with the expression of oncogenes KRAS, TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, SLC39A4, and KLF5. Genes similar to PRMT5 were primarily enriched in cell cycle-related signaling pathways, and NOP58 identified as a hub gene in the PPI network. Compared to the control group, the proliferation activity of PANC1 and AsPC-1 cells in the intervention group was significantly reduced [(67.3±1.9)% vs (100±4.4)% for PANC1; (60.5±2.7)% vs (100.0±1.7)% for AsPC-1], and the proportion of cells in the G1 phase was significantly increased [(51.6±0.7)% vs (35.3±2.7)% for PANC1; (51.2±0.9)% vs (29.7±2.2)% for AsPC-1]. All these differences were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). Conclusions:High expression of PRMT5 was closely associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients, and it may contribute to pancreatic cancer progression by regulating the cell cycle.

Objective:To evaluate the application potential of the bimodal ultrasound/near-infrared (NIR) composite nanoscale probe Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)/Ag 2Te/perfluoropentane (PFP) @ mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) in the diagnosis and treatment of microvascular diseases. Methods:Nanoprobes loaded with RGD, PFP and Ag 2Te were prepared by ultrasound sonication and carbodiimide method. The characterization of the nanoprobes was determined. The imaging performance, photothermal response, and target-seeking ability of the nanoprobes under NIR irradiation were verified. The biosafety of the nanoprobes was examined, and the thrombolytic ability of the nanoprobes was evaluated. The mice were observed to visualize microvessels of the abdominal wall under the NIR-Ⅱ imaging, and the microvascular visualization ability of the nanoprobes was evaluated. Results:The particle size of nanoprobes was (205.3±2.9) nm and the potential was (2.05±0.58) mV. The coupling rate of the RGD was (82.27±0.36)%, the encapsulation rate of the quantum dots was (80.80±3.26)%, and the photostability of the quantum dots was good. The fluorescence intensity was enhanced with the increase of the mass concentration of RGD/Ag 2Te/PFP@MSN, and the warming effect was more obvious. After ultrasound and NIR irradiation, the thrombolysis rate was significantly increased. RGD/Ag 2Te/PFP@MSN successfully realized NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging of mice microvessels. The cytotoxicity assay and hemolysis assay showed that the probe had a good biosafety. Conclusion:The RGD/Ag 2Te/PFP@MSN nanoprobe is a potential strategy for targeted therapy of thrombotic diseases, combining dual-modality therapy of ultrasound and NIR to offer new possibilities for non-invasive and visual diagnosis and treatment of microvascular embolism.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.

A case of metachronous bilateral renal pelvic carcinoma was reported. A 55-year-old women underwent left nephroureterectomy for the left renal pelvis cancer in 2011, then she was diagnosed with right renal pelvis carcinoma because of intermittent hematuria in 2014.A transurethral ureteroscopic holmium laser resection of the right renal pelvic tumor, partial right pelvis resection and nephrostomy, instillation with hydroxycamptothecin were taken sequentially to delay the dialysis for 53 months. In 2018, the patient underwent right nephroureterectomy because of recurrence of right renal pelvic carcinoma. The patient was followed up for 17 months postoperatively and there was no recurrence. In this case, patient's renal function was protected by the premise tumor control through a variety of minimally invasive and pharmaceutical therapy, which can provide a reference for the kidney-preserving treatment of high-grade renal pelvis cancer.

With the economic development and medical progress in China, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing, and most patients have already developed advanced tumors with poor prognosis when diagnosed. The main cornerstone of treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has always been androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but most mHSPC will transform into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), how to prolong the time from mHSPC to mCRPC has become a current research hotspot, and several landmark phase 3 clinical trials in recent years have led to rapid changes in patient treatment options, including a variety of drugs with different mechanisms of action (e.g., endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy). This article will focus on the current status and progress of novel endocrine agents in metastatic prostate cancer for clinical use.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)on a rabbit model of chronic myocardial ischemia.Methods Myocardial ischemia models were created by partial ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in Japanese white male rabbits.Rabbits were subcutaneously injected with G-CSF (G-CSF group)or saline (control group)for 6 days after myocardial ischemia.The percentage of CD34-positive cells in the peripheral blood was evaluated by flow cytometry,and CD34-positive cells homing and vWF expression in the ischemic myocardium were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Rabbits in G-CSF group had a higher survival rate than those in control group (P <0.05).Immunohistochemistry of the ischemic myocardium showed that compared with control group,G-CSF group had increased homing of CD34-positive cells on day 7 post-surgery,and more vessels on day 28 post-surgery by anti-von Willebrand factor staining.In addition,we observed an increase in the percentage of CD34-positive cells in the peripheral blood in G-CSF group.Conclusion G-CSF produces an obvious protective effect against chronic myocardial ischemia in rabbits by increasing stem cell mobilization,homing to ischemic myocardium and accelerating neovascularization.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of calcined bovine bone(CBB)in the repair of animal bone defects.Methods:Ca-nine alveolar bone defect model,rat and rabbit calvarial critical size defect models were established respectively.All animals were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=6).The defects in the experimental group were repaire with CBB,those in the control group were not treated.The effects were observed by HE staining,Micro CT and Masson trichrome staining.Results:Canin alveolar bone de-fects were well repaired 8 week after operation.The skull defects in rabbits and SD rats were replaced by new bone 1 2 and 8 weeks after operation respectively.In all the control groups bone defects were not healed or not completely repaired.Conclusion:CBB is ef-fective in the repair of bone defects.