Objective:To explore the effects of Ziyu Ointment on granulation tissue,TGF-β and downstream Smad protein in the process of wound healing in rats by constructing a rat model of back trauma.Methods:A rat model of back trauma was constructed,and 100 SD male rats were separated into healthy group,back trauma group,Ziyu Ointment treatment group,petrolatum treatment group,Ziyu Ointment+TGF-β1 activation group,with 20 per group.Wound formation surgery was performed,and wound healing of rats in each group was recorded at 5th,10th,and 15th day after operation;the levels of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum of rats in each group were detected;the granulation tissue formed by wound healing at 15th day was selected for HE and Masson staining,the proportion of blood vessel area and collagen area of granulation tissue of rats in each group were analyzed and calculated;the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in granulation tissues of rats in each group were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR;the expression levels of TGF-β1,Smad3 and p-Smad3 in granulation tissues of rats in each group were detected by Western blot.Results:The healthy group rats had complete epidermal tissue;the levels of serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in the wound granulation tissue,and the phosphorylation of Smad3 in the back trauma group were obviously higher than the healthy group(P<0.05);compared with back trauma group,the wound healing rate,proportion of collagen area,and propor-tion of blood vessel area in Ziyu Ointment treatment group and petrolatum treatment group were obviously increased,the serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α contents,TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression,and Smad3 phosphorylation were obviously decreased(P<0.05);compared with Ziyu Ointment treatment group,the petrolatum treatment group,Ziyu Ointment+TGF-β1 activation group had obviously lower wound healing rate,collagen area percentage,and blood vessel area percentage,and obviously lower serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α contents,TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression and Smad3 phosphorylation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ziyu Ointment can inhibit the expression of related genes and proteins by regulating the TGF-β/Smad signal pathway,thereby alleviating inflammation and promoting wound healing.

Objective:To explore the effects of Ziyu Ointment on granulation tissue,TGF-β and downstream Smad protein in the process of wound healing in rats by constructing a rat model of back trauma.Methods:A rat model of back trauma was constructed,and 100 SD male rats were separated into healthy group,back trauma group,Ziyu Ointment treatment group,petrolatum treatment group,Ziyu Ointment+TGF-β1 activation group,with 20 per group.Wound formation surgery was performed,and wound healing of rats in each group was recorded at 5th,10th,and 15th day after operation;the levels of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum of rats in each group were detected;the granulation tissue formed by wound healing at 15th day was selected for HE and Masson staining,the proportion of blood vessel area and collagen area of granulation tissue of rats in each group were analyzed and calculated;the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in granulation tissues of rats in each group were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR;the expression levels of TGF-β1,Smad3 and p-Smad3 in granulation tissues of rats in each group were detected by Western blot.Results:The healthy group rats had complete epidermal tissue;the levels of serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in the wound granulation tissue,and the phosphorylation of Smad3 in the back trauma group were obviously higher than the healthy group(P<0.05);compared with back trauma group,the wound healing rate,proportion of collagen area,and propor-tion of blood vessel area in Ziyu Ointment treatment group and petrolatum treatment group were obviously increased,the serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α contents,TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression,and Smad3 phosphorylation were obviously decreased(P<0.05);compared with Ziyu Ointment treatment group,the petrolatum treatment group,Ziyu Ointment+TGF-β1 activation group had obviously lower wound healing rate,collagen area percentage,and blood vessel area percentage,and obviously lower serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α contents,TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression and Smad3 phosphorylation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ziyu Ointment can inhibit the expression of related genes and proteins by regulating the TGF-β/Smad signal pathway,thereby alleviating inflammation and promoting wound healing.

OBJECTIVE To provide ideas for clinical diagnosis， treatment and pharmaceutical care of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis （ROCM）. METHODS The diagnosis and treatment of 1 case of ROCM in which clinical pharmacists participated were analyzed. Combined with treatment guidelines， the actual situation of drug accessibility and economy， clinical pharmacists recommend amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in combination with posaconazole to treat fungal infections. The clinical efficacy， liver and kidney function and electrolytes were monitored. To increase the local concentration of amphotericin B deoxycholate （AmB-D）， clinical pharmacists assisted physicians in determining the dosage and formulation of AmB-D for intrathecal injection， intranasal and eye drops based on the results of blood and cerebrospinal fluid examinations. In response to the situation that the plasma trough concentration of posaconazole had not reached the target， clinical pharmacists recommended that Posaconazole oral suspension was replaced with Posaconazole enteric-coated tablets， and provided the patient with therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM）， individualized medication guidance， and long-term follow-up after discharge. RESULTS The clinician adopted the advice of the clinical pharmacists. After treatment， the patient was discharged from the hospital with medicine after her condition improved. CONCLUSIONS Clinical pharmacists develop individualized treatment protocols for ROCM patients by adjusting dose and dosage forms， providing medication monitoring and TDM to ensure the safety of drug use for patients.

Drugs under special management include narcotic drugs,psychotropic drugs,toxic drugs for medical use,radiopharmaceuticals,and pharmaceutical precursor chemicals.Supervising and guiding the clinical use of drugs under special management is one of the important responsibilities of the Pharmaceutical Management and Drug Therapy Committee(Group)of medical institutions.The standard for drugs under special management is led by the Pharmaceutical Professional Committee of the China Hospital Association,which standardizes 16 key elements of organizational management,process management,and quality control management drugs under special management in medical institutions.It can guide the standardized implementation of Pharmaceuticals under special control work in various levels and types of medical institutions.This article elaborates on the methods and contents of formulating standards for Pharmaceuticals under special management,to provide reference and inspiration for medical institutions to carry out special drug drug management and daily related work.

Biapenem is a carbapenem antibiotic， and can be used for the treatment of sepsis， pneumonia， lung abscess， chronic respiratory lesions secondary infection， complex urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis， etc. This article reviewed the studies on the pharmacokinetics， pharmacodynamics and therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） of biapenem. The pharmacokinetic parameters of biapenem are not significantly different in healthy subjects， and there is no accumulation after multiple doses of biapenem. However， there are large differences in pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with severe disease and patients with abnormal renal function compared with healthy subjects， which leads to conventional treatment regimens not achieving the desired outcome. In terms of pharmacodynamics， biapenem can improve the rate of reaching the target value by increasing the frequency of administration and prolonging the infusion time. For patients with anuria in end-stage renal disease， dosing intervals can be extended to avoid drug accumulation. However, for patients with severe infection, a daily dose of 1.2 g still can not control infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which limits its use in patients with severe disease. It is recommended to implement TDM in severe patients and patients with abnormal renal function， and explore the best dosing regimen for biapenem in combination with pharmacokinetic models to ensure that the time that the free blood concentration of biapenem remains above minimum inhibitory concentration as a percentage of the time between doses （%fT＞MIC） is within the effective range，so that biapenem can exert a greater efficacy in severe patients and patients with abnormal renal function. For medical institutions that cannot carry out TDM， the efficacy of biapenem can be maximized by increasing the frequency of administration and prolonging the infusion time. For infections caused by P. aeruginosa， A. baumannii and Serratia marcescens with high drug resistance rates， it is recommended to combine or replace other antibiotics.

Platelets buoy up cancer metastasis via arresting cancer cells, enhancing their adhesion, and facilitating their extravasation through the vasculature. When deprived of intracellular and granular contents, platelet decoys could prevent metastatic tumor formation. Inspired by these, we developed nanoplatesomes by fusing platelet membranes with lipid membranes (P-Lipo) to restrain metastatic tumor formation more efficiently. It was shown nanoplateletsomes bound with circulating tumor cells (CTC) efficiently, interfered with CTC arrest by vessel endothelial cells, CTC extravasation through endothelial layers, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells as nanodecoys. More importantly, in the mouse breast tumor metastasis model, nanoplateletsomes could decrease CTC survival in the blood and counteract metastatic tumor growth efficiently by inhibiting the inflammation and suppressing CTC escape. Therefore, nanoplatelesomes might usher in a new avenue to suppress lung metastasis.

Objective:To investigate the application value of digital single-operator peroral cholangioscopy on the preoperative evaluation of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 172 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from December 1, 2017 to April 1, 2022 were collected. There were 91 males and 81 females, aged 65(range, 45?68)years. Of 172 patients, 36 cases undergoing preoperative digital single-operator peroral cholangioscopy examination were allocated into the experimental group, and 136 cases not undergoing preoperative digital single-operator peroral cholangioscopy examination were allocated into the control group. Observation indicators: (1) propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) surgical conditions. Propensity score matching was done by the 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method and caliper setting as 0.02. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD, and t test was used for comparison between groups. Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M( Q1,Q3), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. The rank sum test was used for comparison of ordinal data. Results:(1) Propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching. Of 172 patients, 60 cases were successfully matched, including 30 cases in the experiment group and 30 cases in the control group, respectively. Before propensity score matching, cases with or without preoperative bile drainage were 27, 9 in the experiment group, versus 62, 74 in the control group, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=9.86, P<0.05). The above indicators were 23, 7 in the experiment group, and 23, 7 in the control group after propensity score matching, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.00, P>0.05). The elimination of preoperative bile drainage confounding bias ensured comparability between the two groups. (2) Surgical conditions. After propensity score matching, there were 10 cases and 0 case without surgery in the two groups. Cases undergoing radical operation including R 0, R 1, R 2 resection were 16, 0, 4 in the experiment group, versus 18, 6, 6 in the control group, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=6.85, P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative digital single-operator peroral cholangioscopy exami-nation can improve the R 0 resection rate of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective:To construct the concept and its conceptual framework of hospital health literacy(HHL) for exploring the HHL promotion mechanism in the country.Methods:Based on the proceduralised grounded theory, twelve middle or senior managers of hospitals were selected for in-depth interviews and three hospitals were selected for field research from July 2021 to February 2022. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used in data analysis, establishing the concept of HHL and its conceptual framework in China.Results:The conceptual framework of HHL was composed of an internal driver mechanism(hospitals improve their health literacy promotion management system, staff-led health literacy promotion, health literacy promoting physical environment construction), and an external driver mechanism(cooperate with external organizations and institutions to conduct health literacy promotion). The concept of HHL in China was derived as follows: the combination of supportive environments and human resources that health care organizations have in place can improve access and understandability of health information and simplify healthcare services to help patients of different health literacy levels more easily obtain, process, and understand health information as well as to make the most of medical services.Conclusions:Hospital health literacy promotion mechanism in China is a synergy between internal and external driver mechanisms.

Objective:To describe the current situation of health promotion and education in medical and health institutions in China, propose targeted improvement strategies and provide inspiration for medical and health institutions to implement the relevant content of the Health China Action.Methods:We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , WanFang Data, VIP China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and so on. The retrieval time limit was from January 1, 2000 to December 30, 2021. The search content was the research on the theme of "health promotion and education in medical and health institutions".Results:A total of 20 articles were included. In the research on health promotion and education of medical and health institutions, the studies involved in "organization management" and "health education" were the most ( n=20) . There were 7 studies (35%) related to "smoke-free hospitals", 4 studies (20%) related to "work effect evaluation", and the studies on "healthy environment" was the least (15%, 3/20) . Conclusions:The work experience of attaching importance to organization management and health education, vigorously promoting the construction of smoke-free hospitals and institutions' health environment, and strengthening the effectiveness evaluation of health promotion and education can provide reference for medical and health institutions to implement the relevant content of health promotion in the Health China Action (2019-2030) .

We constructed the CAP2NC prokaryotic expression vector of HIV-1 NL4-3 strain and obtained relatively pure CAP2NC protein by optimizing its purification conditions to explore its in vitro self-assembly conditions. Primers were designed according to the CAP2NC DNA sequence of HIV-1 NL4-3 strain. The target gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pTO-T7. Then the recombinant strain was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). IPTG induced protein expression, then the protein was purified by hydrophobic chromatography. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were performed to analyze the target protein, and the biological activity of the antigen was identified through ELISA. The self-assembly of CAP2NC protein was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and gel filtration chromatography. The protein had good reaction with the specific antibodies of p24 and formed different structures in various conditions. When 10% yeast RNA was added to the protein complex, the recombinant protein only formed into a tubular structure, which was similar to the self-assembled structure of the HIV-1 virus capsid. The results showed that the HIV-1 CAP2NC protein had in vitro self-assembly activity, and the RNA affected the structure of CAP2NC protein assembly. The protein can be used as a simple and effective molecular model to study its structure, and then it can provide a reference for the study of HIV immature virus particles.