This article systematically reviews and examines the historical evolution of Bambusae Succus as a medicinal material， covering aspects such as nomenclature， origin， geographical distribution， harvesting and processing methods， quality assessment， therapeutic effects and indications， by consulting ancient herbal texts， medical compendia， and modern literature. The aim is to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. Research indicated that Bambusae Succus was first documented in the Shennong Bencaojing during the Han dynasty， with Zhuli being the standard name used throughout history， alongside aliases like Zhuzhi， Zhuyou and Huoquan. Historically， the primary source of Bambusae Succus has been Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis（Danzhu）， although other species such as Pleioblastus amarus and Bambusa emeiensis have also been used medicinally. Ancient records predominantly noted its origin in Yizhou（present-day Chengdu and surrounding areas in Sichuan） and the Wuling region（between present-day Hunan， Guangdong， Guangxi and Jiangxi provinces）， while contemporary sources are mainly from regions south of the Yangtze River and southwestern China. Traditionally， Bambusae Succus was harvested from bamboo that had grown for exactly one year， today， it can be collected year-round without strict age requirements. Ancient preparation methods included direct fire roasting or dry distillation， whereas modern industrial production employs dry distillation， reflux extraction， and percolation. In terms of quality evaluation， ancient texts considered a sweet taste to be superior， while today， clarity and transparency are prioritized. Historically， Bambusae Succus was characterized as sweet and cold nature， targeting the lung and stomach meridians， with uses evolving from clearing heat and resolving phlegm to nourishing Yin， moistening dryness， and relaxing tendons and unblocking meridians. Modern descriptions classify it as sweet， bitter， and cold in nature， affecting the heart， liver， and lung meridians， with functions including clearing heat， resolving phlegm， and facilitating orifices. It is indicated for conditions such as stroke with phlegm confusion， lung heat with phlegm congestion， convulsions， epilepsy， excessive phlegm in febrile diseases， high fever with thirst， irritability during pregnancy， and tetanus， with more clearly defined applications. Based on the results of the research， it is recommended that when developing and utilizing famous classical formulas containing Bambusae Succus， the one-year-old Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis， which has been highly praised throughout history， should be selected as the source material. Industrial production should adopt the dry distillation method. Furthermore， in-depth research should be conducted on the modern technological characterization of the traditional quality control indicator of sweet taste， and reasonable modern quality control standards should be established.

Objective To investigate the effects of inclined axial compressive force and flexion moment on the anterior and posterior shear stiffness of the lumbosacral segment.Methods Six fresh-frozen human cadaveric L5-S1 segments were tested under intact and two progressively impaired structural conditions:intact,a 4-mm bilateral facet joint gap,and anterior discectomy with nucleus pulposus removal plus circumferential release of the inner annular fibers(disc injury).A 300 N axial compressive force was applied either vertically downward or with a 10° or 20° anterior inclination through the disc's shear center.Anterior(0 N to 250 N)and posterior(-50 N to 0 N)shear tests were conducted using a material testing machine.These tests were repeated under a 5 N-m flexion moment.The relative motion between L5 and Si was measured using a three-dimensional motion capture system.Results In the intact state,the inclination of the axial compressive force did not significantly alter anterior or posterior shear stiffness.However,the application of a flexion moment increased anterior shear stiffness by 49.3％.Progressive structural damage resulted in incremental increases in anteroposterior shear translation and corresponding reductions in stiffness.Notably,under combined loading with axial compression and flexion moment,anterior stiffness decreased from 939 N/mm(intact)to 224 N/mm(disc injury),while posterior stiffness decreased from 572 N/mm to 217 N/mm.Within the low-load range,no significant differences in shear stiffness were observed across any structural conditions,regardless of axial force inclination or combined with a flexion moment.Conclusions This study supports the clinical view that retro-inclination of the pelvis serves as a compensatory mechanism to enhance segmental shear stability.However,this compensatory capacity gradually diminishes and ultimately fails as spinal degeneration progresses.

Objective To investigate the expression of Excision repair cross-complementation group 6-like(ERCC6L)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and evaluate its prognostic value.Methods From September 2016 to 2019,144 cases of NSCLC tissues and adjacent tissues(non-tumor tissues at least 5 cm away from cancerous tissues)were admitted.The expression of ERCC6L protein in NSCLC tissues and their adjacent tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry(IHC)method.The clinicopathological data of patients with high and low expression of ERCC6L were compared,and the Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between ERCC6L expression and overall survival(OS)of NSCLC patients.Results The data of IHC staining showed that high expression of ERCC6L was detected in 42.4％(61/144)of NSCLC tissues,which was higher than in their adjacent tissues(37.7,％,37/144)(x2=8.909,P＜0.05).High expression of ERCC6L was frequently detected in poorly differentiated carcinoma(x2=38.660,P＜0.001),T2/T3 stage(x2=6.528,P=0.011)and TNM stage Ⅲ(x2=12.522,P＜0.05).In addition,patients with high expression of ERCC6L had higher rates of lymph node metastasis(x2=5.802,P＜0.05),lymphovascular invasion(x2=29.899,P＜0.05)and pleural invasion(x2=7.942,P＜0.05)than those with low expression(P＜0.05).Survival analysis revealed that patients with high expression of ERCC6L had a worse prognosis than those with low expression,and the 5-year overall survival(OS)rate of two patient groups was 44.8％and 70.5％,respectively(x2=15.919,P＜0.05).Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that high expression of ERCC6L(HR=2.106,95％CI=1.087-4.079,P＜0.05)was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients.Conclusion High expression of ERCC6L is closely correlated to tumor aggressive features,and it might be a valuable prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients.

Inflammatory lung diseases are cur-rently a major challenge threatening human health and life.Imbalanced inflammation and excessive in-flammation can lead to tissue damage and trigger the occurrence and development of systemic dis-eases.Anti-inflammatory treatment is of vital im-portance for improving patient survival and quality of life.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the exploration and research of drug targeting strategies,effectively addressing issues such as slow onset,low bioavailability,and rapid in vivo clearance rates during drug delivery.Drug tar-geting can increase local drug concentrations,re-duce dosing frequency,and mitigate side effects.This review primarily elaborates on the classifica-tion and characteristics of inflammatory lung dis-eases.It comprehensively reviews targeted drug de-livery strategies for inflammatory lung diseases from three perspectives:local targeting,passive tar-geting,and active targeting.Furthermore,it dis-cusses the prospects and challenges of drug target-ed therapy for lung diseases,potentially providing new research and application ideas for the target-ed treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of inclined axial compressive force and flexion moment on the anterior and posterior shear stiffness of the lumbosacral segment.Methods Six fresh-frozen human cadaveric L5-S1 segments were tested under intact and two progressively impaired structural conditions:intact,a 4-mm bilateral facet joint gap,and anterior discectomy with nucleus pulposus removal plus circumferential release of the inner annular fibers(disc injury).A 300 N axial compressive force was applied either vertically downward or with a 10° or 20° anterior inclination through the disc's shear center.Anterior(0 N to 250 N)and posterior(-50 N to 0 N)shear tests were conducted using a material testing machine.These tests were repeated under a 5 N-m flexion moment.The relative motion between L5 and Si was measured using a three-dimensional motion capture system.Results In the intact state,the inclination of the axial compressive force did not significantly alter anterior or posterior shear stiffness.However,the application of a flexion moment increased anterior shear stiffness by 49.3％.Progressive structural damage resulted in incremental increases in anteroposterior shear translation and corresponding reductions in stiffness.Notably,under combined loading with axial compression and flexion moment,anterior stiffness decreased from 939 N/mm(intact)to 224 N/mm(disc injury),while posterior stiffness decreased from 572 N/mm to 217 N/mm.Within the low-load range,no significant differences in shear stiffness were observed across any structural conditions,regardless of axial force inclination or combined with a flexion moment.Conclusions This study supports the clinical view that retro-inclination of the pelvis serves as a compensatory mechanism to enhance segmental shear stability.However,this compensatory capacity gradually diminishes and ultimately fails as spinal degeneration progresses.

Objective To observe the value of multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)radiomics in predicting the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)in locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC)patients.Methods Clinical data of 100 CSCC patients underwent CCRT treatment were selected.In order to better validate the performance of the model,patients were randomly divided into the training set(70 cases)and the validation set(30 cases)in a 7∶3 ratio.According to the efficacy criteria for solid tumors,patients were divided into the complete response(CR)group(n=16)and the partial response(PR)group(n=14).Examination images of cross-sectional DWI,T2WI and enhanced T1WI were collected from all patients before treatment.ITK-SNAP software package combined with three sequences were used to outline ROI,and the open source software PyRadiomics was used to extract image omics features.For MRI omics features,the minimum redundancy maximum correlation(mRMR)algorithm was used to analyze and screen out the first 30 main features,and then the minimum absolute contraction and selection method(Lasso)based on 10-fold cross-validation was used to reduce dimensionality to screen the non-zero coefficient features.According to the weighting coefficient of Lasso-Logistic regression model in the training set,patient omics labels were calculated.Logistic regression analysis was used to construct a prediction model based on DWI,T2WI and T1WI sequence prediction models and multiple sequenomics labels.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves evaluated the predictive value of each omics model for CCRT treatment in patients with locally advanced CSCC.Results There were 38 cases in the CR group and 32 cases in the PR group in the training set.There were 16 cases in the CR group and 14 cases in the PR group in the validation set.There were no significant differences in patient age,FIGO stage,differentiation degree,maximum lesion diameter and menstrual status between the CR group and the PR group in the training and validation sets.A total of 851 imaging features were extracted from the ROI target area.After the first 30 features were retained by mRMR algorithm,3 CR-related features were selected from the 851 imaging omics features of each individual sequence by Lasso algorithm and 10-fold cross-validation.Eight CR related features were selected from 2 553 features after the combination of the three sequences.ROC curve results showed that in the training set and validation set,the AUC of multiple sequences combined to predict the therapeutic effect of CCRT in patients with locally advanced CSCC was 0.971 and 0.946,respectively,which was higher than that of T1WI,T2WI and DWI single sequence prediction(training set Z=2.683,2.046,2.817,P＜0.05;verification set Z=2.075,2.117,2.005,P＜0.05).Conclusion The multi sequence MRI radiomics model has high predictive value for the efficacy of CCRT treatment in locally advanced CSCC patients.

Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) is a treatment technique that delivers radioactive microspheres precisely to the arterial vascular bed of neoplasms, utilizing beta radiation to administer a high local dose of radiation to the neoplasm tissues. This technology has demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with unresectable pirmary liver cancers and liver metastases. This article systematically reviews the development history and clinical application status of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT in the treatment of liver cancer, and looks forward to future development directions.

Objective:To investigate the role of ubiquitin-specific protease 21 (USP21) in enterovirus group A type 71 (EV-A71) infection.Methods:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from a cohort of 24 children infected with EV-A71 and 24 healthy children. Expression of USP21 was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additionally, the impact of USP21 overexpression or knockout on EV-A71 replication was evaluated using a combination of qPCR and western blot (WB) analysis. Furthermore, WB was employed to measure the levels of EV-A71 structural protein VP1, phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and other key molecules in the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was utilized to investigate the effects of USP21 on the ubiquitin levels of EV-A71 nonstructural protein 2A protease (2A pro). Results:In comparison to healthy children, the expression of USP21 mRNA in PBMC of children infected with EV-A71 was notably elevated. The overexpression of USP21 significantly enhanced the cytopathic effects induced by EV-A71, upregulated levels of VP1 mRNA and protein, and facilitated EV-A71 replication, leading to a decrease in cell activity with increasing levels of USP21 transfection. Following the knockout of the USP21 gene, the VP1 mRNA levels were significantly declined in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, the overexpression of USP21 was found to have no impact on the transcriptional activity of EV-A71 2A pro. However, it was observed to enhance the expression of 2A pro protein, reduce the ubiquitination of 2A pro, suppress the protein levels of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), as well as decrease the phosphorylation of IRF3. Additionally, the induction of IFN-β mRNA by EV-A71 infection was downregulated. Conclusions:USP21 has been shown to enhance the replication of EV-A71 through the downregulation of 2A pro ubiquitination, suppression of MAVS and MDA5 protein expression, and inhibition of the interferon signaling pathway.

Xiaoaiping (XAP) Injection demonstrates the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) effects, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of XAP on PCa and elucidate its mechanism of action. PCa cell proliferation was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed through Hoechst staining and Western blotting assays. Proteomics technology was employed to identify key molecules and significant signaling pathways modulated by XAP in PCa cells. To further validate potential key genes and important pathways, a series of assays were conducted, including acridine orange (AO) staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence assays. The molecular mechanism of XAP against PCa in vivo was examined using a PC3 xenograft mouse model. Results demonstrated that XAP significantly inhibited cell proliferation in multiple PCa cell lines. In C4-2 and prostate cancer cell line-3 (PC3) cells, XAP induced cellular apoptosis, evidenced by reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels and elevated Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) levels. Proteomic, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) investigations revealed a strong correlation between forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) autophagic degradation and the anti-PCa action of XAP. XAP hindered autophagy by reducing the expression levels of autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5)/autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg12) and enhancing FoxO3a expression and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, XAP exhibited potent anti-PCa action in PC3 xenograft mice and triggered FoxO3a nuclear translocation in tumor tissue. These findings suggest that XAP induces PCa apoptosis via inhibition of FoxO3a autophagic degradation, potentially offering a novel perspective on XAP injection as an effective anticancer therapy for PCa.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Proteomics ; Mice ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics* ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Objective: To analyze the serological characteristics of anti-Mur antibodies and investigate the distribution frequency of the Mur antigen among voluntary blood donors in Shiyan, thereby providing a basis for guiding clinical transfusion and establishing a Mur blood type database. Methods: ABO blood grouping of donors and patients was performed using an automated blood typing analyzer and the gel card method, respectively. Unexpected antibody screening and identification were performed using the saline, tube anti-human globulin, and polybrene methods. The specificity of anti-Mur antibodies was confirmed using Fisher's exact probability test. Plasma treated with 2-mercaptoethanol was used to distinguish IgM and IgG antibodies. IgM and IgG anti-Mur titers were determined by the saline tube method and the anti-human globulin tube method, respectively, at 4℃, room temperature, and 37℃. A total of 1 659 donor red blood cell samples were initially screened for the Mur antigen phenotype using three samples of human-derived anti-Mur plasma by the micro-tube method. Donors who tested positive for Mur antigen were further tested by the direct antiglobulin test (DAT); those with negative results were confirmed for Mur antigen by the gel card and polybrene methods. Results: Three blood samples were identified to contain mixed IgG and IgM anti-Mur antibodies. The titers of both IgM and IgG anti-Mur antibodies were highest at 4℃, intermediate at room temperature, and lowest at 37℃. The positive frequency of the Mur antigen among voluntary blood donors in Shiyan was 1.99% (33/1 659). Conclusion: anti-Mur antibodies were detected in both blood donors and patients in our region. The Mur antigen shows a certain distribution frequency among voluntary blood donors in Shiyan. Screening for the Mur blood type and establishing a corresponding database could enhance transfusion safety.