Objective: To investigate the characteristics of public health emergencies in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods: Data of public health emergencies and related information in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023 were collected through Emergency Public Reporting System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Attack rates, and distribution of time, areas and places were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 276 public health emergencies were reported in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023. There were 10 324 reported cases and 7 deaths, with an attack rate of 0.32%. There were 53 Ⅳ-level (19.20%) and 223 unclassified public health emergencies (80.80%). Infectious disease emergencies were predominant types, accounting for 97.83% (270 events). The three most common infectious disease emergencies were other infectious diarrhea (42.03%), influenza (21.01%) and COVID-19 (16.30%). The reported public health emergencies peaked in November and December, with 66 and 45 events reported, respectively. The three most counties (cities, districts) included Yiwu City, Wucheng District and Lanxi City, accounting for 24.28% (67 events), 18.48% (51 events) and 11.96% (33 events), respectively. School and preschool institutions were predominant places where public health emergencies occurred (198 events, 71.74%). Conclusions The public health emergencies in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023 were Ⅳ-level and unclassified emergencies, and infectious disease emergencies were predominant. November and December were the peak reporting periods, and schools and preschool institutions were the main places where these events occurred.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of standard decoction of Longan seed. METHODS The amount of water added， extraction time and extraction times as the influencing factors， using the extract yield， gallic acid content， corilagin content， ellagic acid content， half clearance concentration （IC50） of 1，1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （DPPH） free radical and IC50 of 2，2′-azino-bis （3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） ammonium salt （ABTS） free radical as the evaluation indexes， the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）， criteria importarue though inter-criteria correlation （CRITIC） and AHP-CRITIC method were used to calculate the weight values of each index； the extraction process of Longan seed standard decoction was optimized by single factor test combined with orthogonal experiment； validation test was also performed. RESULTS According to the AHP-CRITIC method， the weights of the above indicators were determined to be 9.224%， 11.784%， 19.320%， 11.206%， 20.597%， 27.869%， respectively. The best process of standard decoction of longan seed was to add 14 times water for the first extraction and extract for 30 minutes； and 12 times water for the second and third extractions， and extract for 20 minutes. Average comprehensive score of the 3 times validation experiments was 97.96 and the RSD was 0.97% （n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS The process is simple to operate， stable and feasible， which can provide a experimental basis for the further development and utilization of standard decoction of longan seed.

Background Hypertension is one of the chronic diseases with the highest prevalence in China, and a history of hypertension may potentially exacerbate hearing loss. Investigating the association between long-term blood pressure trends and hearing thresholds could contribute to hearing protection efforts for occupationally noise-exposed populations. Objective By investigating hearing thresholds and blood pressure levels among occupationally noise-exposed workers in an urban rail transit enterprise, and conducting a comprehensive analysis of the association between long-term blood pressure changes and hearing thresholds, to provide data references for health management strategies targeting occupationally noise-exposed workers. Methods Workers exposed to occupational noise at a rail transit enterprise were enrolled as study subjects and underwent pure-tone audiometry. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify blood pressure trajectories. Categorical data were compared using chi-square tests, while normally distributed continuous variables were analyzed via t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were subsequently applied toexamine associations between these trajectory groups and high-frequency hearing thresholds. Results Among 2 002 occupationally noise-exposed workers, the median (P₂₅, P₇₅) age was 32 (28, 35) years, with a median (P₂₅, P₇₅) working tenure of 7 (3, 10) years. In 2019, the positive hypertension rate was 9.04%, with a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of (122.97±11.60) mmHg and a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of (76.37±9.02) mmHg. The hearing loss prevalence was 10.1%, showing bilateral high-frequency average hearing thresholds of (17.18±8.71) dB and speech-frequency average thresholds of (13.79±3.46) dB. Three distinct trajectory groups were identified for both SBP and DBP. Compared with other trajectory groups, the high-stable DBP group exhibited significantly higher hearing loss prevalence (χ²=6.34, P=0.042) and elevated high-frequency hearing thresholds (all Ps<0.05). Specifically, within the 30-39 age subgroup, the moderate-stable DBP group demonstrated 1.96 dB lower high-frequency thresholds than the high-stable group [β(95%CI): −1.96 (−3.61, −0.32), P=0.020]. Conclusion Among occupationally noise-exposed workers in a municipal rail transit enterprise, DBP trajectories demonstrated a positive association with high-frequency hearing thresholds. Notably, in young and middle-aged occupationally noise-exposed populations, DBP may exert a more critical influence than SBP on the progression of hearing loss.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for vaccination willingness of herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) among the elderly, so as to provide the basis for improving the HZV vaccination strategy for the elderly. Methods: From July 2023 to June 2024, permanent residents aged ≥60 years in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province were selected using the multistage random sampling method and probability proportionate to size sampling method. Basic information, disease history, awareness of herpes zoster (HZ) and HZV, vaccination history, and vaccination willingness of HZV were collected through questionnaire surveys. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for vaccination willingness of HZV among the elderly. Results: Totally 1 209 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.95%. The respondents included 657 males (54.34%) and 552 females (45.66%). Among them, 626 (51.78%) individuals were aged 60 -<70 years. There were 113 individuals had vaccination willingness of HZV, with a vaccination willingness rate of 9.35%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.872, 95%CI: 1.624-5.080), urban (OR=4.909, 95%CI: 2.732-8.818), individual monthly income of 1 000-<2 000 yuan (OR=3.085, 95%CI: 1.602-5.940), accessibility of vaccination clinics (OR=5.717, 95%CI: 1.109-29.462), presence of chronic diseases (OR=2.423, 95%CI: 1.325-4.431), history of varicella infection (OR=2.114, 95%CI: 1.213-3.684), awareness of HZ (OR=2.194, 95%CI: 1.096-4.394), awareness of HZV (OR=3.562, 95%CI: 2.005-6.330), history of influenza vaccine vaccination (OR=7.833, 95%CI: 4.189-14.645), and history of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine vaccination (OR=2.955, 95%CI: 1.603-5.449) were promoting factors for vaccination willingness of HZV. Conclusion The vaccination willingness rate of HZV among the elderly is relatively low, which is mainly affected by factors such as gender, residence, individual monthly income, accessibility of vaccination clinics, presence of chronic diseases, history of varicella infection, awareness of HZ and HZV, and history of influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine vaccination.

Objective To investigate the separation efficiency of three physical separation methods for gaseous ¹⁴C, namely membrane separation, adsorption separation, and low-temperature separation, to screen for the optimal separation method, and to provide a reference for the separation and enrichment of ¹⁴CO₂ in online monitoring of ¹⁴C. Methods The experimental plan was designed, and three devices were constructed for separation and purification experiments. The purity, recovery rate, and separation time of CO₂ separated by the three methods were analyzed. Results All the three methods achieved the separation of CO₂. Under certain conditions, 20 mL of sample gas was obtained. The separation time of membrane separation method was 0.5 hour, CO₂ gas with a sample purity of 0.0486%-0.0488%VOL was obtained, and the recovery rate was only 2.5%−12.7%. The separation time of MOF material adsorption separation method was 24−30 hours, CO₂ gas with a sample purity of 20.2%−47.5%VOL was obtained, and the recovery rate was 57.3%−63.2%. The separation time of low-temperature separation method was 3 hours, CO₂ gas with a sample purity of 96.0%−99.8%VOL was obtained, and the recovery rate was 81.5%−92.5%. Conclusion The purity and recovery rate of CO₂ with low-temperature separation method were higher compared to membrane separation method and MOF material adsorption separation method. The separation time of low-temperature separation method was moderate. The low-temperature separation method can provide a reference for the enrichment technology of ¹⁴C in the rapid measurement of gaseous ¹⁴C effluent.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨异莲心碱（Iso）通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路对结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、凋亡和自噬的影响。方法：用10、20和40 μmol/L的Iso处理结肠癌SW480细胞，CCK-8法、流式细胞术和WB法分别检测Iso对细胞增殖活力、凋亡和自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅰ、LC3Ⅱ、p62表达的影响。然后，用20 μmol/L的Iso和25 μmol/L的PI3K激活剂740 Y-P分别处理SW480细胞，将细胞分为对照组、740 Y-P组、Iso组和Iso+740 Y-P组，流式细胞术、WB法检测Iso和740 Y-P对各组细胞凋亡及细胞中LC3Ⅰ、LC3Ⅱ、p62、PI3K、p-PI3K、 mTOR和p-mTOR蛋白表达的影响。结果：10、20和40 μmol/L的Iso处理后，SW480细胞增殖活力均显著下降（均P<0.05），细胞凋亡率均显著升高（均P<0.05），LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ表达均显著上调（均P<0.05），p26蛋白表达显著下调（P<0.05）。Iso和740 Y-P处理后，与对照组相比，740 Y-P组细胞凋亡率、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ表达均显著下降（均P<0.05），p26、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-mTOR/mTOR表达均显著升高（均P<0.05）；Iso组细胞凋亡率、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ表达升高（均P<0.05），p26、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-mTOR/mTOR表达均显著下降（均P<0.05）；与740 Y-P组相比，Iso+740 Y-P组细胞凋亡率、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ表达升高（P<0.05），p26、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-mTOR/mTOR表达均显著下降（均P<0.05）；与Iso组相比，Iso+740 Y-P组细胞凋亡率、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ表达下降（均P<0.05），p26、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-mTOR/mTOR表达均显著升高（均P<0.05）。结论：Iso通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路抑制结肠癌SW480细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡和自噬。

Bioactive compounds derived from herbal medicinal plants modulate various therapeutic targets and signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's primary cause of death. Ginkgo biloba, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with notable cardiovascular actions, has been used as a cardio- and cerebrovascular therapeutic drug and nutraceutical in Asian countries for centuries. Preclinical studies have shown that ginkgolide B, a bioactive component in Ginkgo biloba, can ameliorate atherosclerosis in cultured vascular cells and disease models. Of clinical relevance, several clinical trials are ongoing or being completed to examine the efficacy and safety of ginkgolide B-related drug preparations in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemia stroke. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and mechanisms of action of ginkgolide B in atherosclerosis prevention and therapy. We highlight new molecular targets of ginkgolide B, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NADPH oxidase), lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), platelet-activating factor (PAF), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and others. Finally, we provide an overview and discussion of the therapeutic potential of ginkgolide B and highlight the future perspective of developing ginkgolide B as an effective therapeutic agent for treating atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To establish anticoagulation pharmaceutical service model based on the integrated theory of health behavior change （ITHBC）， and analyze its effects. METHODS Referring to relevant literature and soliciting opinions from 8 experts from departments such as pharmacy， respiratory medicine， and vascular surgery， a anticoagulation pharmaceutical service model based on ITHBC was ultimately formed. VTE inpatients were selected from The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from December 2023 to June 2024 as the research subjects. They were randomly assigned into intervention group （58 cases） and control group （60 cases） using a random number table method. The intervention group implemented pharmacist-led anticoagulant pharmaceutical service model based on ITHBC， while the control group adopted a conventional anticoagulant pharmaceutical service model. The anticoagulation-related outcomes of two groups were compared after 3 months： anticoagulation compliance rate， the incidence of adverse drug reactions， the score of medication adherence and compliance rate of anticoagulant prescription； economic evaluation was conducted. RESULTS After implementing ITHBC-based anticoagulant pharmaceutical services for 3 months， the intervention group had higher anticoagulation compliance rate， score of medication adherence， and compliance rate of anticoagulant prescription than the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups （P＞0.05）. For every 1% point increase in anticoagulant compliance rate， the hospital needed to invest 4.35 yuan additionally in anticoagulant pharmaceutical service fees. Compared with China’s per capita gross domestic product （GDP， 89 358 yuan） in 2023， the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio value that increased the anticoagulation compliance rate by 50% is far less than one time of per capita GDP. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacist- led anticoagulant pharmaceutical service model based on ITHBC can effectively improve the outcomes of anticoagulant therapy for VTE patients， enhance medication compliance， improve patients’ awareness and recognition of adverse drug reactions to anticoagulants， and has certain economic and social benefits.

Objective: To analyze the impact of persistent obesity on their lung function, so as to offer insights for implementing intervention measures to increase lung function in obese school age children. Methods: A total of 335 children from the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort established in 2009 in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, who participated in the follow up at the ages of 7 years (2016) and 10 years (2019), were selected as the study participants. Physical measurements including height, weight, and lung function were recorded. According to the World Health Organization standard, that is, gender and age specific to correct the body mass index to calculate the body mass index Z score, was used to evaluate the obesity status of children at the age of 7 and 10. Children were divided into four groups, including sustained non obesity group, restored obesity group, newly classified obesity group, and persistent obesity group. Meanwhile, the lung function prediction equations recommended by the Global Lung Function Initiative were used to standardize the lung function indexes of children. Pulmonary function differences among these groups were examined, and the relationship between childhood obesity and pulmonary function was longitudinally analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: The prevalence of obesity were 9.0% and 16.1% at the age of 7 and 10 years, respectively. The proportion of both newly classified and persistent obesity group were 8.1%, respectively. The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were (1 269.90±202.70) and (1 415.70±230.00) mL, respectively, at the age of 7 years. FEV 1 and FVC at the age of 10 years were (1 440.80±403.20) and (1 555.60±517.60) mL, respectively. Cross sectional analysis at age 7 showed that forced expiratory flow at 75% vital capacity (FEF 75 ) ( β=-0.52, 95%CI =-0.96--0.07) and maximal mid expiratary flow (MMEF) ( β=-0.45, 95%CI =-0.89--0.00) were significantly lower in obese children compared to their non obese peers ( P < 0.05). Longitudinal analysis indicated that obese children had lower levels of lung pulmonary function, with a statistically significant difference in FEV 1 ( β=-0.44, 95%CI=-0.85--0.02, P <0.05). There was no significant difference among the various obesity groups ( P >0.05), while gender stratified results revealed significant reductions in FEV 1/FVC in newly classified obese girls at age 10 years ( β=-1.76, 95%CI =-3.13--0.38) and in MMEF in persistently obese girls at age 10 years ( β=-1.44, 95%CI = -2.79- -0.09) ( P <0.05). Conclusion Obesity may contribute to reduced lung function levels in school aged children, with newly classified and persistent obesity having more pronounced effects on lung function in girls.

Objective To investigate the natural penetrating radiation levels along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and to preliminarily evaluate the doses received by the railway employees and passengers. Methods Natural penetrating radiation was measured at 15 typical locations with different altitudes along the railway and in the carriages of a train from Lhasa to Xining using high-pressure ionization chamber RSS131, sodium iodide radiation dose rate meter MARS1561, and neutron ambient dose equivalent rate meter LB6411. Results The levels of terrestrial gamma radiation, cosmic ray ionization components, and neutron radiation were 21.5-246.6 nGy/h, 79.8-225.5 nGy/h, and 24.5-101 nSv/h, respectively. The effective dose of natural penetrating radiation received by passengers and crew on a train from Lhasa to Xining was 4.82 μSv. Conclusion Comparison with the empirical formula and verification of method reliability confirm the accuracy of the measurement. Our results provide a primary understanding of the radiation levels along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the radiation doses received by passengers, which can be used as a basis for the regulatory authorities.