OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of standard decoction of Longan seed. METHODS The amount of water added， extraction time and extraction times as the influencing factors， using the extract yield， gallic acid content， corilagin content， ellagic acid content， half clearance concentration （IC50） of 1，1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （DPPH） free radical and IC50 of 2，2′-azino-bis （3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） ammonium salt （ABTS） free radical as the evaluation indexes， the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）， criteria importarue though inter-criteria correlation （CRITIC） and AHP-CRITIC method were used to calculate the weight values of each index； the extraction process of Longan seed standard decoction was optimized by single factor test combined with orthogonal experiment； validation test was also performed. RESULTS According to the AHP-CRITIC method， the weights of the above indicators were determined to be 9.224%， 11.784%， 19.320%， 11.206%， 20.597%， 27.869%， respectively. The best process of standard decoction of longan seed was to add 14 times water for the first extraction and extract for 30 minutes； and 12 times water for the second and third extractions， and extract for 20 minutes. Average comprehensive score of the 3 times validation experiments was 97.96 and the RSD was 0.97% （n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS The process is simple to operate， stable and feasible， which can provide a experimental basis for the further development and utilization of standard decoction of longan seed.

Tacrolimus is a crucial therapeutic drug for preventing immune rejection after solid organ transplantation in children. Due to the narrow treatment window and significant individual variability， personalized treatment is often required. In recent years， with the promotion of therapeutic drug monitoring technology， individualized treatment models based on tacrolimus drug concentration have developed rapidly. This article reviews the research progress of individualized dosing models for tacrolimus in children both domestically and internationally over the past decade. It includes dose simulation methods based on population pharmacokinetics， physiologically based pharmacokinetics， machine learning， and multiple linear regression. The characteristics of each model and its application in pediatric individualized dosing are analyzed and summarized. Additionally， the current development status of decision support systems for individualized tacrolimus dosing is introduced.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of public health emergencies in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods: Data of public health emergencies and related information in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023 were collected through Emergency Public Reporting System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Attack rates, and distribution of time, areas and places were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 276 public health emergencies were reported in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023. There were 10 324 reported cases and 7 deaths, with an attack rate of 0.32%. There were 53 Ⅳ-level (19.20%) and 223 unclassified public health emergencies (80.80%). Infectious disease emergencies were predominant types, accounting for 97.83% (270 events). The three most common infectious disease emergencies were other infectious diarrhea (42.03%), influenza (21.01%) and COVID-19 (16.30%). The reported public health emergencies peaked in November and December, with 66 and 45 events reported, respectively. The three most counties (cities, districts) included Yiwu City, Wucheng District and Lanxi City, accounting for 24.28% (67 events), 18.48% (51 events) and 11.96% (33 events), respectively. School and preschool institutions were predominant places where public health emergencies occurred (198 events, 71.74%). Conclusions The public health emergencies in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023 were Ⅳ-level and unclassified emergencies, and infectious disease emergencies were predominant. November and December were the peak reporting periods, and schools and preschool institutions were the main places where these events occurred.

Objective: To examine the application of multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) in the diagnosis and management of recurrence and metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the palate, as well as the treatment of concurrent massive palatal bleeding. This article aimed to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with advanced oral cancer, along with strategies for managing massive hemorrhage. Methods: This article reported on the MDT process for a patient diagnosed with ACC of the left upper palate, who experienced skull base recurrence and lung metastasis following surgery and radiotherapy. The case was further complicated by massive palatal hemorrhage. Additionally, the article analyzed patients with ACC recurrence and significant hemorrhage in the context of relevant literature. The patient was a 36-year-old female with ACC located in the left palate, initially diagnosed at clinical stage T3N0M0 in 2013. She underwent an extensive resection of the palatal lesion, followed by radioactive 125I seed implantation, which was guided by a radiotherapy planning system (TPS) and a digital guide. The patient was monitored for four years post-surgery, during which no signs of tumor recurrence were observed. However, at the fifth year of follow-up, the patient developed recurrence with lung metastasis, classified as T4N0M1. Following a multidisciplinary consultation involving the oral and maxillofacial surgery, radiotherapy, medical oncology, and thoracic surgery, the patient underwent a procedure comprising left subtotal maxillary resection, autologous free flap transplantation, and thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary metastases. After surgery, the patient received 60 Gy of radiotherapy and was orally administered Anlotinib hydrochloride capsules to suppress tumor growth. After 31 months of follow-up, the patient reported experiencing slight bleeding in the mouth. A craniomaxillofacial CT scan revealed that the tumor had grown aggressively, resulting in destruction of the skull base. Consequently, the patient was admitted to the hospital. On the second day of admission, she experienced a sudden episode of oral bleeding. Despite the application of pressure, the bleeding continued unabated. An emergency tracheotomy was performed to relieve the obstruction of the patient’s respiratory tract, and a red blood cell suspension was transfused to address the hemorrhagic shock. Following an urgent consultation with the vascular interventional surgery department, super-selective embolization was promptly employed to effectively halt the bleeding and achieve rapid vascular occlusion. An individualized treatment plan was developed under MDT, incorporating postoperative radiotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy to manage the tumor. Results: Through the MDT model, the patient successfully achieved emergency hemostasis, and normal vital signs were restored. With the addition of radiotherapy and immune-targeted drug treatment, tumor progression was effectively controlled, leading to an improved quality of life for the patient, who successfully survived for 129 months with the tumor by July 2024. A review of the relevant literature indicated that MDT offered significant advantages in the management of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In selecting surgical methods, the team administering MDT could comprehensively evaluate factors such as the patient’s age, physical condition, tumor location, size, and extent of invasion to develop a personalized treatment plan. Radical surgical resection was a common treatment option for ACC. Postoperative tissue defects could be restored to their corresponding functions and aesthetic appearance through autologous tissue reconstruction, utilizing techniques such as peroneal myocutaneous flaps or iliac myocutaneous flaps, or by the implantation of artificial materials. In complex cases involving positive margins, recurrence, and metastasis, the MDT model employed interdisciplinary collaboration to devise a comprehensive treatment plan that may have included re-operation, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, with the aim of minimizing the risk of ACC recurrence and controlling distant metastasis. Massive bleeding resulting from advanced oral cancer presented a complex medical challenge, influenced by various risk factors such as tumor type, metastasis, treatment options, and the patient’s overall condition. Early identification of bleeding risks, along with strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of bleeding on disease progression—through supportive care, medical treatment, surgical intervention, and interventional therapy—could significantly enhance patients’ quality of life. Conclusion The MDT model can provide comprehensive, precise, and personalized treatment plans for patients with advanced oral cancer and massive hemorrhage and improve the effectiveness of treatment strategies.

Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) is a treatment technique that delivers radioactive microspheres precisely to the arterial vascular bed of neoplasms, utilizing beta radiation to administer a high local dose of radiation to the neoplasm tissues. This technology has demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with unresectable pirmary liver cancers and liver metastases. This article systematically reviews the development history and clinical application status of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT in the treatment of liver cancer, and looks forward to future development directions.

Objective: To understand the growth and development levels of four physical measurements in children aged 3-6 years in China, so as to provide a reference for child nutrition improvement and health promotion. Methods: A stratified random sampling method was used to collect physical measurement data from 120 kindergartens 25 842 children aged 3-6 years across 24 provinces and cities in seven natural geographical regions of North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China and Northwest China from 2020 to 2023. The development levels of head circumference, chest circumference, waist circumference, and hip circumference were evaluated using a grading method. The analysis of gender and age differences was conducted using Mann-Whitney U- test and Kruskal-Wallis test, and the comparison of abnormal detection rates for different genders was conducted using Chi square test. Results: The distribution range of children aged 3-6 was 51.74(50.08, 53.33) cm in terms of head circumference, 55.73(52.09, 59.04) cm in terms of chest circumference, 53.04(48.92, 56.40) cm in terms of waist circumference, and 59.36(56.30, 62.32) cm in terms of hip circumference. The detection rate of abnormal head circumference in boys and girls aged 3-6 years old was relatively high (19.71%-42.02%), and the detection rate of abnormal physical circumference development levels in boys was higher than that in girls of all ages ( χ 2=5.63-83.35, P <0.05). The detection rate of abnormal hip circumference (4.89%-6.53%) and chest circumference (4.51%-6.38%) in boys and girls aged 3-6 was relatively low, and there was no statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate between different ages and genders ( χ 2=0.00-1.61, 0.00-3.71, P >0.05). The detection rate of abnormal waist circumference in boys and girls aged 3-6 was relatively high (13.70%-42.45%), and the detection rate of abnormal waist circumference in girls was higher than that in boys aged 4-6 groups ( χ 2=10.49-58.18, P < 0.05). Conclusions The overall physical development of children aged 3-6 years in China is improving, but the abnormal detection rates for head circumference and waist circumference are relatively high. Child healthcare should focus on preventing and treating abdominal obesity, with differentiated health intervention strategies based on different age groups and genders.

With the rapid development of mobile internet technology, mobile health application (mHealth APP) are increasingly widely used in the field of health management and have been proven to play an important role in the management of chronic diseases. Solid organ transplant recipients face complex health management needs after surgery, including postoperative follow-up, medication management, prevention and treatment of complications and comorbidities, and lifestyle adjustment. mHealth APP can provide solid organ transplant recipients with convenient self-management tools. Although some progress has been made in this field, there are still many challenges, such as insufficient user experience, technological dependence, and data security risks. Therefore, this article discusses the development process, main functions and current application status of mHealth APP, and analyzes its advantages in improving the self-management ability of solid organ transplant recipients, promoting doctor-patient communication and reducing the incidence of complications. At the same time, based on the practical experience of author’s team in developing the “TransMate” mHealth APP, we propose the directions that mHealth APPs should focus on in the future, in order to provide more effective support and services for the health management of solid organ transplant recipients.

Background Hypertension is one of the chronic diseases with the highest prevalence in China, and a history of hypertension may potentially exacerbate hearing loss. Investigating the association between long-term blood pressure trends and hearing thresholds could contribute to hearing protection efforts for occupationally noise-exposed populations. Objective By investigating hearing thresholds and blood pressure levels among occupationally noise-exposed workers in an urban rail transit enterprise, and conducting a comprehensive analysis of the association between long-term blood pressure changes and hearing thresholds, to provide data references for health management strategies targeting occupationally noise-exposed workers. Methods Workers exposed to occupational noise at a rail transit enterprise were enrolled as study subjects and underwent pure-tone audiometry. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify blood pressure trajectories. Categorical data were compared using chi-square tests, while normally distributed continuous variables were analyzed via t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were subsequently applied toexamine associations between these trajectory groups and high-frequency hearing thresholds. Results Among 2 002 occupationally noise-exposed workers, the median (P₂₅, P₇₅) age was 32 (28, 35) years, with a median (P₂₅, P₇₅) working tenure of 7 (3, 10) years. In 2019, the positive hypertension rate was 9.04%, with a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of (122.97±11.60) mmHg and a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of (76.37±9.02) mmHg. The hearing loss prevalence was 10.1%, showing bilateral high-frequency average hearing thresholds of (17.18±8.71) dB and speech-frequency average thresholds of (13.79±3.46) dB. Three distinct trajectory groups were identified for both SBP and DBP. Compared with other trajectory groups, the high-stable DBP group exhibited significantly higher hearing loss prevalence (χ²=6.34, P=0.042) and elevated high-frequency hearing thresholds (all Ps<0.05). Specifically, within the 30-39 age subgroup, the moderate-stable DBP group demonstrated 1.96 dB lower high-frequency thresholds than the high-stable group [β(95%CI): −1.96 (−3.61, −0.32), P=0.020]. Conclusion Among occupationally noise-exposed workers in a municipal rail transit enterprise, DBP trajectories demonstrated a positive association with high-frequency hearing thresholds. Notably, in young and middle-aged occupationally noise-exposed populations, DBP may exert a more critical influence than SBP on the progression of hearing loss.

AIM:To investigate the influencing factors of dry eye in elderly people aged over 60 years, and to construct a risk nomogram prediction model, so as to provide a reference for the identification of high-risk individuals and the development of preventive strategies.METHODS:A convenience sampling method was used to select 301 people aged over 60 years who attended the ophthalmology outpatient clinic or were hospitalized at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between July 2023 and December 2023. They were divided into a dry eye group(n=173)and a non-dry eye group(n=128)based on the presence or absence of dry eye. Data from the two groups were compared and a risk prediction model was constructed.RESULTS:Gender, hypertension, meibomian gland dysfunction, frequent use of eye drops, frequent use of electronic products, and frequent exposure to dry environments were significant influencing factors for the occurrence of dry eye in people aged over 60 years(all P<0.05). The nomogram prediction model demonstrated excellent discrimination(AUC=0.86, 95% CI: 0.81-0.90). The calibration curve showed good fit with the ideal curve, indicating high predictive accuracy. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded a P-value of 0.424. The sensitivity was 73% and the specificity was 86%.CONCLUSION:The nomogram predictive model for the risk of dry eye in elderly people aged over 60 years constructed in this study showed good discrimination and calibration. It can serve as an intuitive and effective clinical risk assessment tool, providing a basis for the early identification of high-risk populations and the development of individualized intervention strategies.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for vaccination willingness of herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) among the elderly, so as to provide the basis for improving the HZV vaccination strategy for the elderly. Methods: From July 2023 to June 2024, permanent residents aged ≥60 years in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province were selected using the multistage random sampling method and probability proportionate to size sampling method. Basic information, disease history, awareness of herpes zoster (HZ) and HZV, vaccination history, and vaccination willingness of HZV were collected through questionnaire surveys. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for vaccination willingness of HZV among the elderly. Results: Totally 1 209 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.95%. The respondents included 657 males (54.34%) and 552 females (45.66%). Among them, 626 (51.78%) individuals were aged 60 -<70 years. There were 113 individuals had vaccination willingness of HZV, with a vaccination willingness rate of 9.35%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.872, 95%CI: 1.624-5.080), urban (OR=4.909, 95%CI: 2.732-8.818), individual monthly income of 1 000-<2 000 yuan (OR=3.085, 95%CI: 1.602-5.940), accessibility of vaccination clinics (OR=5.717, 95%CI: 1.109-29.462), presence of chronic diseases (OR=2.423, 95%CI: 1.325-4.431), history of varicella infection (OR=2.114, 95%CI: 1.213-3.684), awareness of HZ (OR=2.194, 95%CI: 1.096-4.394), awareness of HZV (OR=3.562, 95%CI: 2.005-6.330), history of influenza vaccine vaccination (OR=7.833, 95%CI: 4.189-14.645), and history of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine vaccination (OR=2.955, 95%CI: 1.603-5.449) were promoting factors for vaccination willingness of HZV. Conclusion The vaccination willingness rate of HZV among the elderly is relatively low, which is mainly affected by factors such as gender, residence, individual monthly income, accessibility of vaccination clinics, presence of chronic diseases, history of varicella infection, awareness of HZ and HZV, and history of influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine vaccination.