In 2022,there were approximately 1.06 million new cases and 733 000 deaths from lung cancer,with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20％for advanced lung cancer.In recent years,the identification of immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1,PD-L1,and CTLA-4 has led to significant advancements in immunotherapy strate-gies for advanced lung cancer,particularly in the development and application of predictive biomarkers.These new ap-proaches have improved the efficacy of traditional modalities such as surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy.Howev-er,the evaluation and selection of patients likely to benefit from targeted biomarkers remain partially subjective.This review summarized how artificial intelligence(AI)can assist in improving the accuracy of biomarker identification and the effectiveness of immunotherapy for lung cancer.This review discussed the current treatment status of lung cancer,the application of AI in biomarker identification,and the prediction and evaluation of immunotherapy outcomes,aiming to provide valuable guidance and reference for clinicians.

The pathological diagnosis of Crohn's disease was challenging due to its non-specific morphological fea-tures,which overlap with other intestinal diseases.Given the significant differences in treatment strategies between Crohn's disease and certain intestinal disorders,particularly infectious diseases,misdiagnosis diagnosis can lead to se-vere consequences.To minimize diagnostic errors,the diagnosis of Crohn's disease should be based on a comprehen-sive evaluation that intergrates clinical and endoscopic findings,along with a meticulous differential diagnosis.This re-view,based on clinical and pathological practice,provides a detailed discussion of key aspects of the pathological dif-ferential diagnosis of Crohn's disease and recent advancements in related clinicopathological research.

The pathological diagnosis of Crohn's disease was challenging due to its non-specific morphological fea-tures,which overlap with other intestinal diseases.Given the significant differences in treatment strategies between Crohn's disease and certain intestinal disorders,particularly infectious diseases,misdiagnosis diagnosis can lead to se-vere consequences.To minimize diagnostic errors,the diagnosis of Crohn's disease should be based on a comprehen-sive evaluation that intergrates clinical and endoscopic findings,along with a meticulous differential diagnosis.This re-view,based on clinical and pathological practice,provides a detailed discussion of key aspects of the pathological dif-ferential diagnosis of Crohn's disease and recent advancements in related clinicopathological research.

In 2022,there were approximately 1.06 million new cases and 733 000 deaths from lung cancer,with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20％for advanced lung cancer.In recent years,the identification of immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1,PD-L1,and CTLA-4 has led to significant advancements in immunotherapy strate-gies for advanced lung cancer,particularly in the development and application of predictive biomarkers.These new ap-proaches have improved the efficacy of traditional modalities such as surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy.Howev-er,the evaluation and selection of patients likely to benefit from targeted biomarkers remain partially subjective.This review summarized how artificial intelligence(AI)can assist in improving the accuracy of biomarker identification and the effectiveness of immunotherapy for lung cancer.This review discussed the current treatment status of lung cancer,the application of AI in biomarker identification,and the prediction and evaluation of immunotherapy outcomes,aiming to provide valuable guidance and reference for clinicians.

This article reports a rare case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with rectal ulcer and stenosis, with difficulty in defecation as the main manifestation. Through multiple multidisciplinary consultations and joint decision-making between doctors and patients, combined with surgical and pathological comprehensive diagnosis, monism is considered: SLE affects the rectum. The patient has a good prognosis after undergoing medication, endoscopic local treatment, and surgical treatment.

This article reports a rare case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with rectal ulcer and stenosis, with difficulty in defecation as the main manifestation. Through multiple multidisciplinary consultations and joint decision-making between doctors and patients, combined with surgical and pathological comprehensive diagnosis, monism is considered: SLE affects the rectum. The patient has a good prognosis after undergoing medication, endoscopic local treatment, and surgical treatment.

Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.

Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma ; classification ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; pathology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo compare the biological characteristics of colorectal cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with normal fibroblasts (NFs).

METHODSCAFs and NFs were isolated from fresh specimens of colorectal cancer and their paired normal colon tissue and cultured by tissue explant method. Light microscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot, immunofluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to identify isolated fibroblasts and to explore their characteristics of activation and growth.

RESULTSPrimary colorectal CAFs and NFs were isolated and cultured successfully. NFs showed spindled morphology and were arranged in interlacing or spiral bundles. CAFs were polygonal or spindle, but were fatter than NFs. They were distributed randomly and arranged irregularly, and had obvious actin expression. CAFs and NFs both expressed fibronectin, but not E-cadherin, CD31 and caldesmon. qPCR showed that CAFs expressed more fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and less fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1) than that of NFs. There was no difference in the expression of α-SMA between NFs and CAFs by Western blot. α-SMA was bundled in parallel to the long axis of the cell by immunofluorescence. By electron microscopy, CAFs but not NFs showed dense myofilament that was arranged regularly. Flow cytometry showed that the percentage of S- and G2-phase in CAFs were significantly lower than that in NFs. mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β1, stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-D in CAFs were lower while that for PDGFC was higher than that in NFs. That indicated the proliferation of CAFs was inhibited and the secretion of some cytokines was different when compared with NFs.

CONCLUSIONSCAFs show differences with NFs in morphology, characteristics of activation and secretion of some cytokines. The proliferation of CAFs is down regulated as compared with NFs.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Primary Cell Culture ; Tumor Cells, Cultured